Browsing by Author "Pagano G."

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    Comparative toxicities of selected rare earth elements: Sea urchin embryogenesis and fertilization damage with redox and cytogenetic effects
    (Academic Press Inc., 2016) Pagano G.; Guida M.; Siciliano A.; Oral R.; Koçbaş F.; Palumbo A.; Castellano I.; Migliaccio O.; Thomas P.J.; Trifuoggi M.
    Background: Broad-ranging adverse effects are known for rare earth elements (REE), yet only a few studies tested the toxicity of several REE, prompting studies focusing on multi-parameter REE toxicity. Methods: Trichloride salts of Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd were tested in Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos and sperm for: (1) developmental defects in either REE-exposed larvae or in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm; (2) fertilization success; (3) mitotic anomalies in REE-exposed embryos and in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm, and (4) reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Results: REEs affected P. lividus larvae with concentration-related increase in developmental defects, 10-6 to 10-4 M, ranking as: Gd(III)>Y(III)>La(III)>Nd(III)≅Eu(III)>Ce(III)≅Sm(III). Nominal concentrations of REE salts were confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant increases in MDA levels, ROS formation, and NO levels were found in REE-exposed embryos. Sperm exposure to REEs (10-5 to 10-4 M) resulted in concentration-related decrease in fertilization success along with increase in offspring damage. Decreased mitotic activity and increased aberration rates were detected in REE-exposed embryos and in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm. Conclusion: REE-associated toxicity affecting embryogenesis, fertilization, cytogenetic and redox endpoints showed different activities of tested REEs. Damage to early life stages, along with redox and cytogenetic anomalies should be the focus of future REE toxicity studies. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
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    Comparative multi-species analysis of potassium cyanide toxicity
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Tez S.; Oral R.; Koçbaş F.; Koru E.; Türkçü N.; Pagano G.; Trifuoggi M.
    Potassium cyanide (KCN), a highly water soluble and bioaccumulative cyanide salt, is examined to determine the toxic effects by using two green algae (Dunaliella viridis, Nannochloropsis oculata) and genetically different two sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula) species. To determine the toxic effects on the early developmental stages of sea urchin embryos, 72-hour embryotoxicity studies were conducted. Potassium cyanide toxicity at cellular level was also investigated and 6-hour embryos of both sea urchin species were used to determine genotoxic effects of KCN. Since plutei naturally feed on microalgae, two species of plankton were used to reveal phytotoxic effects of KCN. KCN was found to be embryo- geno- and phytotoxic. EC50's for P. lividus and A. lixula were found 7.96 and 6.52 μM. IC50's for N. oculata for 48 h and 72 h were found 23.66 and 80.45 μM. IC50's for D. viridis for 48 h and 72 h were found 14.31 and 23.36 μM. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd