Browsing by Author "Polat, G"
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Item Poverty and health inequalities: Perceptions of social work students and nursing studentsDemirtas, B; Polat, G; Ates, FSÖ; Ka'opua, LSAim This study describes student perceptions on health inequalities and causes of poverty. Background As frontline providers, social workers and nurses are expected to engage with patients from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a socio-demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire on health inequalities and the Perceived Causes of Poverty Scale were administered using a convenience sample of 155 students in social work and 266 students in nursing undergraduate programmes at a state university in Turkey. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used in the analysis of the data. Findings Social work students were more likely to attribute the cause of poverty to social injustice and a lack of opportunities, whereas nursing students had more fatalistic explanations or beliefs, maintaining that outcomes are pre-determined and therefore cannot be changed. In both groups, those who agreed that there were problems and deficiencies in health service provision and that there was ill-health among poor groups were more likely to associate poverty with social injustice and lack of opportunities. Those without a systemic understanding of poverty and health inequalities showed a tendency to hold more individualistic/fate-related perspectives. Conclusion and implications for nursing and education policy The nursing students, as compared to the social work students, tended to explain poverty more on the basis of individual responsibility and fatalism and were less likely to link poverty with health inequalities and to advocate for policies to end health inequalities. The students' perceptions on the causes of poverty affected their views on health inequalities. These findings suggest the need to develop curricula that equip nursing students with an understanding of poverty as a systemic cause of health inequality. Health inequality and poverty need to be positioned at the centre of training curricula by professional accreditation bodies. Interdisciplinary collaboration is recommended to foster advocacy skills in students. Furthermore, transformative changes are needed in nursing and social work education to prepare students to adequately address the Social Determinants of Health. Curricula should incorporate leadership and political activism within courses to facilitate structural change.Item A nationwide multicentre study in Turkey for establishing reference intervals of haematological parameters with novel use of a panel of whole bloodOzarda, Y; Ichihara, K; Bakan, E; Polat, H; Ozturk, N; Baygutalp, NK; Taneli, F; Guvenc, Y; Ormen, M; Erbayraktar, Z; Aksoy, N; Sezen, H; Demir, M; Eskandari, G; Polat, G; Mete, N; Yuksel, H; Vatansev, H; Gun, F; Akin, O; Ceylan, O; Noyan, T; Gozlukaya, O; Aliyazicioglu, Y; Kahraman, S; Dirican, M; Tuncer, GO; Kimura, S; Eker, PIntroduction: A nationwide multicentre study was conducted to establish well-defined reference intervals (Rls) of haematological parameters for the Turkish population in consideration of sources of variation in reference values (RVs). Materials and methods: K2-EDTA whole blood samples (total of 3363) were collected from 12 laboratories. Sera were also collected for measurements of iron, UIBC, TIBC, and ferritin for use in the latent abnormal values exclusion (LAVE) method. The blood samples were analysed within 2 hours in each laboratory using Cell Dyn and Ruby (Abbott), LH780 (Beckman Coulter), or XT-2000i (Sysmex). A panel of freshly prepared blood from 40 healthy volunteers was measured in common to assess any analyser-dependent bias in the measurements. The SD ratio (SDR) based on ANOVA was used to judge the need for partitioning RVs. Rls were computed by the parametric method with/without applying the LAVE method. Results: Analyser-dependent bias was found for basophils (Bas), MCHC, RDW and MPV from the panel test results and thus those Rls were derived for each manufacturer. Rls were determined from all volunteers' results for WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, MCV, MCH and platelets. Gender-specific Rls were required for RBC, haemoglobin, haematocrit, iron, UIBC and ferritin. Region-specific Rls were required for RBC, haemoglobin, haematocrit, UIBC, and TIBC. Conclusions: With the novel use of a freshly prepared blood panel, manufacturer-specific Rls' were derived for Bas, Bas%, MCHC, RDW and MPV. Regional differences in Rls were observed among the 7 regions of Turkey, which may be attributed to nutritional or environmental factors, including altitude.Item Attitude and Practice Toward Use of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes Among Pregnant Women: A Questionnaire-Based SurveyYildirim, E; Duru, S; Sevim, T; Topçu, F; Gemicioglu, B; Özmen, I; Ocakli, B; Tuncay, E; Altinöz, H; Akpak, YK; Çelik, P; Varol, Y; Polat, G; Özkan, S; Dursunoglu, N; Kiliç, D; Gülhan, PY; Diken, ÖE; Çetinkaya, PD; Yorgancioglu, A; Selçuk, NT; Yildiz, F; Atacag, T; Niksarlioglu, EY; Uzaslan, E; Köktürk, NOBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate attitude and practice toward use of regular tobacco cigarettes and electronic cigarettes among pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1123 pregnant women participated on a voluntary basis in this questionnaire survey. Maternal characteristics, cigarette consumption parameters, and personal opinions regarding the adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy were evaluated. RESULTS: Active smokers composed 12.4% (9.4%: regular tobacco cigarettes, 3.0%: electronic cigarettes) of the study population. Smoking during the current pregnancy, particularly via regular tobacco cigarettes, was more likely for women with smoking during previous pregnancies (56.0% vs. 7.8%, P <.001), previous history of low birth weight infant delivery (16.1% vs. 8.6%, P =.013), premature delivery (16.7% vs. 7.0%, P <.001), and stillbirth (22.8% vs. 11.7%, P =.002). The presence versus absence of smoking during pregnancy was associated with a lower likelihood of being a housewife (70.5% vs. 80.5%, P =.010) and a higher likelihood of having an actively smoking mother (25.9% vs. 11.2%, P <.001) or partner (65.7% vs. 46.9%, P <.001). Regular tobacco cigarette users considered electronic cigarettes to have a higher risk of adverse impacts (11.1% vs. 2.9%, P =.012), while electronic cigarette users considered regular cigarettes to have a higher risk of nicotine exposure (55.9% vs. 13.0%, P <.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate being employed, having an actively smoking mother or partner, as well as smoking in previous pregnancies, to be the risk factors for increased likelihood of smoking during pregnancy.Item Electronic Smoking In Parents In Pregnancy; A Multicenter Cross-Sectional StudyYildirim, EÖ; Duru, S; Sevim, T; Topcu, F; Gemicioglu, B; Ozmen, I; Ocakli, B; Tuncay, E; Altinoz, H; Apak, YK; Varol, Y; Polat, G; Ozkan, S; Dursunoglu, N; Sakarya, D; Gulhan, PY; Diken, OE; Cetinkaya, PD; Yorgancioglu, A; Selcuk, NT; Yildiz, F; Atacag, T; Niksarlioglu, Y; Uzaslan, E; Kokturk, NItem A multicenter nationwide reference intervals study for common biochemical analytes in Turkey using Abbott analyzersOzarda, Y; Ichihara, K; Aslan, D; Aybek, H; Ari, Z; Taneli, F; Coker, C; Akan, P; Sisman, AR; Bahceci, O; Sezgin, N; Demir, M; Yucel, G; Akbas, H; Ozdem, S; Polat, G; Erbagci, AB; Orkmez, M; Mete, N; Evliyaoglu, O; Kiyici, A; Vatansev, H; Ozturk, B; Yucel, D; Kayaalp, D; Dogan, K; Pinar, A; Gurbilek, M; Cetinkaya, CD; Akin, O; Serdar, M; Kurt, I; Erdinc, S; Kadicesme, O; Ilhan, N; Atali, DS; Bakan, E; Polat, H; Noyan, T; Can, M; Bedir, A; Okuyucu, A; Deger, O; Agac, S; Ademoglu, E; Kaya, A; Nogay, T; Eren, N; Dirican, M; Tuncer, G; Aykus, M; Gunes, Y; Ozmen, SU; Kawano, R; Tezcan, S; Demirpence, O; Degirmen, EBackground: A nationwide multicenter study was organized to establish reference intervals (RIs) in the Turkish population for 25 commonly tested biochemical analytes and to explore sources of variation in reference values, including regionality. Methods: Blood samples were collected nationwide in 28 laboratories from the seven regions (>= 400 samples/region, 3066 in all). The sera were collectively analyzed in Uludag University in Bursa using Abbott reagents and analyzer. Reference materials were used for standardization of test results. After secondary exclusion using the latent abnormal values exclusion method, RIs were derived by a parametric method employing the modified Box-Cox formula and compared with the RIs by the non-parametric method. Three-level nested ANOVA was used to evaluate variations among sexes, ages and regions. Associations between test results and age, body mass index (BMI) and region were determined by multiple regression analysis (MRA). Results: By ANOVA, differences of reference values among seven regions were significant in none of the 25 analytes. Significant sex-related and age-related differences were observed for 10 and seven analytes, respectively. MRA revealed BMI-related changes in results for uric acid, glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and.-glutamyltransferase. Their RIs were thus derived by applying stricter criteria excluding individuals with BMI >28 kg/m(2). Ranges of RIs by non-parametric method were wider than those by parametric method especially for those analytes affected by BMI. Conclusions: With the lack of regional differences and the well-standardized status of test results, the RIs derived from this nationwide study can be used for the entire Turkish population.