Browsing by Author "Saltan F."
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Item \Preparation of poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid)-zinc oxide composites: Experimental and theoretical investigation of gamma radiation shielding properties(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Körpınar B.; Saltan F.This study, it is aimed to prepare a polymer composite between styrene, acrylic acid, and ZnO and to measure the radiation shielding of the synthesized polymer composite. Firstly poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (P(S-co-AA)) copolymer was synthesized using the emulsion polymerization method between styrene and acrylic acid. Then, P(S-co-AA)-ZnO composites were prepared with different percentages of ZnO. For preparing these composites, the materials were mixed in a 60 °C ultrasonic bath. P(S-co-AA)-ZnO was poured into Petri dishes to form a film. When the TG curves were examined, it was not found a significant difference between the copolymer composite and the copolymer. The molecular weight of the copolymer was found to be 120000. SEM images show zinc fragments located between the polymer chains. The potential for radiation capture against gamma was determined using a NaI scintillation detector. The linear gamma attenuation coefficients for P(S-co-AA)-ZnO samples were calculated to Lambert's Beer Law and measured for 662 keV. Theoretical gamma attenuation coefficient values were calculated by multiplying the density of the composite with the mass attenuation coefficients. The absorption parameters of polymer composites are directly proportional to the increasing amount of zinc oxide. P(S-co-AA)-ZnO-15% was the best absorber at 662 keV energy compared to other polymer composites. © 2022 Elsevier LtdItem Synthesis of a new adsorbent poly(allylisothiocyanate-co-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-vinylimidazole) via photopolymerization: Characterization and investigation of heavy metal adsorption capacity(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Saltan F.; Saltan G.M.We report the copolymerization synthesis of novel poly(allylisothiocyanate-co-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-vinylimidazole) (PAHV) adsorbents for potential applications in the heavy metal removals. In the present study, the copolymerization reaction was introduced by photopolymerization using benzophenone as the photoinitiator. The chemical structure in the PAHV adsorbents was monitored and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, andX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Surface analysis and molecular weight distribution of PAHV adsorbents were performed by scanning electron microscopy and gel permeation chromatography analysis, respectively. The adsorption method, which is one of the most effective techniques, was used for the elimination of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions in this study. In order to understand the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of heavy metal ions by PAHV, the effects of pH value and monomer ratio in the adsorbents were investigated. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device was used for these analyses. The optimum pH values for adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of heavy metal ions have been 6–8. The removal efficiency of heavy metal ions by the various PAHV adsorbents decreased in the order: Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Co3+ > Cr3+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item Preparation, characterization and thermal properties of polypropylene/polyethylene/zinc borate composites: investigation of thermal degradation kinetics(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Saltan F.; Şentürk S.; Al A.M.; Özkan A.N.; Şirin K.In this study, polypropylene/polyethylene/zincborate composites (PP/HDPE/Zinc Borate) were prepared using high-density polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, and a certain percentage of zinc borate. The composites were characterized using by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses. The thermal behavior of the materials was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG). The thermal degradation kinetics of the PP/HDPE/Zinc Borate15% composite was investigated. The apparent activation energies (Ea) were obtained following the differential and integral methods of Kissenger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO). Using Kissinger's and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods to define thermal degradation of PP/HDPE/Zinc Borate%15, their activation energies were 233.3 kJ/mol and 189.3 kJ/mol, respectively. The mechanism of the studied conversion range was found to be the R3 deceleration model using the Coats–Redfern. The viscosity and shear stress of PP/HDPE/Zinc Borate15% were determined using a cone-plate type rheometer. PP/HDPE/Zinc Borate15% composite shows plastic-type fluidity, according to rheological analysis. © 2023, The Polymer Society, Taipei.Item Preparation and characterization of novel boron containing nanocomposites with neutron radiation shielding properties(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Saltan F.; Şirin K.; Aydin S.; Yildirim Y.PVA/PEO/PVP-B4C and PVA/PEO/PVP-BN polymer nanocomposites were prepared using boron nitrite (BN), boron carbide (B4C), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyethylene oxide (PEO). B4C and BN nanopowders were added to the mixture at three different percentages: 5%, 10%, and 20%. Thermal characterization was performed by differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used for surface analysis and crystal structure characterization. The atomic distribution was determined by elemental analysis. Neutron shielding properties were performed at three different gamma peak areas, 1293.56 keV, 1097.33 keV, 416.86 keV, and calculated total macroscopic cross-section ∑T and half-value layer. The ∑T values were found to be in the range of 7.99–14.37 for all synthesized composites. B4C-doped composites show higher protection efficiency against slow thermal neutrons than BN-doped samples. Highlights: Poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene oxide)/polyvinylpyrrolidone composites containing boron nanoparticles are flexible and workable. Nanocomposites were prepared with a simple, cheap, and fast method. Prepared boron nanocomposites exhibit slow thermal neutron stopping even at 3 mm thickness. PVA90/PEO5/PVP5-BN and PVA90/PEO5/PVP5-B4C composites are good candidates for demanding military applications such as vehicle and body armor. © 2023 Society of Plastics Engineers.Item Preparation of Expanded-Graphite Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Polyvinyl pyrrolidone/Poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) hydrogel films, Investigation of Swelling, Metal Adsorption, and Thermal Properties(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Saltan F.; Murat Saltan G.The aim of the study is to demonstrate a simple process of expanded-graphite reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Polyvinyl pyrrolidone/Poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PVA/PVP/P(AA-co-MA)-G) hydrogel composites. Firstly, PVA/PVP/P(AA-co-MA) blend polymer film is prepared. Polymer composite films are obtained by adding expanded graphite (G) at %10, 20%, and 30%. The network structure formed by the mixture of polymers gave the product obtained hydrogel character. The swelling capacities of hydrogel and hydrogel composite films are determined by the “filtration” method. 1. Fick’s law is used to model the swelling behavior of gels. The adsorbents selectively adsorb Cd2+, Cr3+, and Ag+ ions in the metal mixture well. © 2023 Taylor & Francis.Item Photopolymerization and characterization of vinyl imidazole based allyl derivative polymers; Cr3+ and Cd2+ metal adsorption and antibacterial studies(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Saltan F.; Saltan G.M.; İlktaç R.; Özdokur K.V.A new type polymeric adsorbent, poly(allylphenol-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-vinyl imidazole) (PAHV), is synthesized in this study. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate is used as complementary monomers along with 1-vinyl imidazole and allylphenol monomers. The photopolymerization method is preferred as a synthesis method and benzophenone is used as the photoinitiator. The effectiveness of the PAHV against bacterial species such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is investigated by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion method. The inhibition areas of PA1H1V3 and PA1H1V1 derivatives against E. coli and S. aureus are measured as 25 mm ± 0.25 mm and 7 mm ± 0.1 mm; 20 mm ± 0.25 mm, and 5 mm ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Sorption efficiencies (%) at pH = 6 (selected optimum pH) for 100 μg/L Cd and Cr of the PA1H1V1, PA1H3V1, and PA1H1V3 derivatives are found to be 69.0 ± 2.7 and 58.3 ± 6.7, 66.8 ± 6.2 and 75.8 ± 5.5, and 97.2 ± 3.7 and 97.7 ± 3.2 (n = 3), respectively. Adsorption studies revealed that the PA1H1V3 polymer can be used as an alternative for the sorption of cadmium and chromium. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model fits for both adsorption processes. The adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model for chromium and cadmium sorption are 52.63 and 68.49 μg g−1, respectively. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item Boron containing polyvinyl alcohol/ polyethylene oxide/polyvinyl pyrrolidone composites: Preparation, characterization, gamma radiation shielding and gamma radiation effect on it's thermal properties(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Saltan F.; Şirin K.; Aydın S.; Taşköprü C.; Yıldırım Y.The production of PVA/PEO/PVP-B4C and PVA/PEO/PVP-BN nanocomposites is presented in this study by adding certain proportions of boron nitride (BN) and boron carbide (B4C) to the polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/polyethylene Oxide (PEO)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) blend. The percentages of BN and B4C nano powder in the PVA/PEO/PVP blend have been determined as 5%, 10% and 20%. Thermal characterizations were carried out with different techniques such as Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Thermogravimetry (TG). Surface, crystal structure and atomic percentage distribution analyzes of the obtained composites were performed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), and elemental analysis. 10 kGy gamma irradiation was performed on PVA/PEO/PVP-B4C and PVA/PEO/PVP-BN composites. The thermal behavior of the composites at this dose level was investigated. In addition, the radiation shielding properties of composite films obtained at 10 cm distances using Am-241 beam source were examined. © 2023 Elsevier LtdItem Thermal decomposition kinetics and mechanical analysis of boron carbide-reinforced polymer nanocomposites(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Yildirim Y.; Saltan F.; Şirin K.; Küçük V.A.In the present study, the mechanical properties and thermal degradation kinetics of PVA/PVP/PEO (polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene oxide) blend, along with their composites containing various percentages of boron carbide (B4C), are examined. The solvent-casting method is used for preparing the composites. Thermal degradation is analyzed using both Kissinger and FWO (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa) methods to determine the activation energies (Ea). The Ea varied with the B4C content, with higher B4C percentages leading to increased thermal stability. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was employed to evaluate the mechanical properties, revealing that B4C addition enhances the Young's modulus (E) while decreasing strain. The highest strain (ε) was observed in the PVA/PEO/PVP blend, reaching 184%. The ε values for PVA/PEO/PVP-B4C%5, PVA/PEO/PVP-B4C%10, and PVA/PEO/PVP-B4C%20 composites were determined as 45.30%, 29.15%, and 16.48%, respectively. The E was measured as 0.12 MPa for PVA/PEO/PVP, while the highest E value of 0.64 MPa was observed in the PVA/PVP/PEO-B4C20% composite. Additionally, chemometric analysis using FTIR data and clustering algorithms confirmed the homogeneity of the blends. These findings indicate that B4C-reinforced PVA/PVP/PEO composites could serve as alternatives to conventional polymers, particularly in applications requiring enhanced thermal and mechanical stability. Highlights: B4C addition increases the thermal stability of the PVA/PVP/PEO blend. DMA analysis shows that B4C addition increases the elastic modulus. Activation energies were calculated by the Kissinger and FWO methods. PVA/PVP/PEO-B4C composites offer superior mechanical resistance. © 2025 Society of Plastics Engineers.