Browsing by Author "Sarikurkcu, C"

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    Can the stalks of Papaver somniferum L. be an alternative source of bioactive components?
    Kirkan, B; Ozer, MS; Sarikurkcu, C; Copuroglu, M; Cengiz, M; Tepe, B
    Alternative raw materials for designing novel products are gaining interest in the scientific area. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts obtained from Papaver somniferum L. stalks as well as the determination of chemical composition. Antioxidant capacity was tested by using different chemical methods including radical scavenging, reductive effect, phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating assays. Enzyme inhibitory effect was investigated against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. To detect chemical composition, phenolic profile was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as total contents of the phytochemicals. The aqueous extract was found to contain high amount of phenolics and flavonoids [9.87 mu mol gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/g dry plant (dp) and 0.09 mu mol rutin equivalents (REs)/g dp, respectively]. The methanol and aqueous extracts were also found to contain considerable amounts of (-)-epicatechin and syringic acid. Antioxidant activity tests were resulted in the superiority of the methanol extract. The extracts did not show inhibitory activity on cholinesterases and tyrosinase. Inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase were found to be 9.85 and 78.64 mu mol acarbose equivalents (ACEs)/g dp, respectively. As a result, P. somniferum stalks, one of the major by-products of poppy cultivation, can be used as the alternative source of antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory compounds in food and medical industries.
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    Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria subsp. tinctoria)
    Ozer, MS; Sarikurkcu, C; Tepe, B; Can, S
    This study is designed to examine the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the hydrodistillated essential oil and the various extracts of alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria subsp. tinctoria). Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil were resulted in the determination of 27 different compounds, representing 93.32% of the total oil. The major compounds detected in the oil, were pulegone (22.27%), 1,8-cineole (13.03%), alpha-terpinyl acetate (6.87%), and isophytol (6.83%), respectively. Antioxidant activities of thy samples were determined by 4 different test systems namely beta-carotene/linoleic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, and chelating effect. In all systems, essential oil showed the weakest activity profile. On the other hand, ethyl acetate and water extracts exhibited excellent antioxidant activities. As well as the antioxidant activities of the extracts, they were evaluated in terms of their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In parallel to the experiments, ethyl acetate and water extracts were found to be rich-in these phytochemicals.
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    Comparison of methanolic extracts of Doronicum orientale and Echium angustifolium in terms of chemical composition and antioxidant activities
    Arumugam, R; Sarikurkcu, C; Ozer, MS
    Medicinal plants have been a priceless source of medication in nearly all cultures and societies worldwide due to the presence of phytochemicals and their wide range of therapeutic potentials including antioxidants. In this study, the methanolic leaf extracts of Doronicum orientale and Echium angustifolium were screened for antioxidant activity and quantitative phytochemical analysis using LC-ESI-MS/MS. The study revealed that the D. orientale exhibited significantly highest total phenolic content as well as highest antioxidant activity in all tests. The quantitative phytochemical analysis using chromatographic analysis revealed significantly high content of hesperidin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and quercetin in D. orientale, while E. angustifolium had rosmarinic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, pinoresinol, syringic acid and luteolin-7-glucoside in higher contents. The results showed that the methanol extract of D. orientale could be an alternative source of natural agents in the management of the oxidative stress.
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    A comprehensive study on chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of the essential oils of Chenopodium botrys collected from three different parts of Turkey
    Ozer, MS; Sarikurkcu, C; Ceylan, O; Akdeniz, I; Tepe, B
    In this study, we aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil of Chenopodium botrys L. collected from three different parts of Turkey. Additionally, we analyzed the antioxidant activities of the oil samples by using free radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, ferrous ion chelating, and reducing power assays as well as their inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase. According to the results of GC-FID and GC MS analyses, twenty-seven, twenty-four, and sixteen compounds were identified representing 94.45%, 96.96%, and 94.41% of the oils, respectively. In Afyonkarahisar and Isparta samples, ledol (25.11% and 22.73%), elemol (15.25% and 24.86%), and germacrene D-4-ol (14.83% and 11.27%) were determined as the major compounds, whereas ledol (31.83%), elemol (23.70%), and eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (8.94%) were found as the main compounds of Konya sample. The oil of Isparta sample showed the maximum radical scavenging activity in all test systems, except superoxide anion radical scavenging assay. Phosphomolybdenum, ferrous ion chelating, and reducing power assays were resulted in the superiority of Afyonkarahisar sample. In AChE and tyrosinase inhibition assays, the essential oil of C. botrys collected from Konya showed the maximum activity (0.87 mg GALAEs/g oil and 0.82 mg KAEs/g oil, respectively). On the other hand, BChE inhibition assay was resulted in the superiority of Afyonkarahisar sample (1.02 mg GALAEs/g oil). In order to determine the contribution of oil components to the biological activity, correlation coefficients between the compounds and assays were also presented.
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    Phenolic profile, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of two endemic Nepeta species: Nepeta nuda subsp. glandulifera and N. cadmea
    Sarikurkcu, C; Eskici, M; Karanfil, A; Tepe, B
    It is known that the local people commonly use some Nepeta species as diuretic, spasmolytic, bronchodilator and sedative agents. In addition, these species are also used topically due to their antiseptic properties. This study aimed to deal with the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanolic extracts of two endemic. Nepeta species (Nepeta nuda L. subsp. glandulifera Hub.-Mor. & Davis and N. cadmea Boiss.) from Turkey. N. nuda subsp. glandulifera was found to contain more phenolics and flavonoids than N. cadmea. N. nuda subsp. glandulifera was also found to have considerable amounts of chlorogenic and ferulic acids (63.52 and 14.65 mg/g extract), and showed higher antioxidant activity in almost all test systems, except metal chelating assay. Meanwhile in beta-carotene bleaching assay, it was found to be as active as BHT and trolox (91.23%). In the enzyme inhibition assay, the extracts showed weak inhibitory activity on AChE, alpha-amylase and a-glucosidase. Inhibitory activity of N. nuda subsp. glandulifera on these enzymes was found to be 1.26 mg GALAEs (galanthamine equivalents)/g extract, 0.36 and 3.67 mmol ACEs (acarbose equivalents)/g extract, respectively. (c) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Studies on the antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of Vitex agnus castus L. fruits from Turkey
    Sarikurkcu, C; Arisoy, K; Tepe, B; Cakir, A; Abali, G; Mete, E
    This study is designed to examine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and different solvent extracts of Vitex agnus castus. GC and GC-MS analysis was resulted in the detection of 27 components, representing 94.5% of the oil. Major components of the oil were 1,8-cineole (24.98%), sabinene (13.45%), ot-pinene (10.60%), alpha-terpinyl acetate (6.66%), and (Z)-beta-farnesene (5.40%). Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by three different test systems, DPPH, beta-carotene/linoleic acid and reducing power assays. In all systems, water extract exhibited excellent activity potential than those of other extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) and the oil. As expected, amount of total phenolics was very high in this extract (112.46 +/- 1.22 mu g GAEs/mg extract). Dichloromethane extract has been found to be rich in flavonoids. A positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity potential and total phenolic and flavonoid levels of the extracts. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Comparison of the Influence of the Solvent on the Extraction of the Bioactive Compounds from Marrubium lutescens Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)
    Sarikurkcu, C; Ozer, MS; Tlili, N
    To our knowledge, this is the first study on the influence of water, ethyl acetate and methanol as the extraction solvent upon the bioactive compound composition, antioxidant capacities and enzyme inhibitory activities of Marrubium lutescens isolates. The contents of the total phenolic compounds varied between 9.94 and 54.80 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and the level of total flavonoids were between 4.45 and 27.20 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract. Twenty-four compounds were identified using liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Rosmarinic acid, luteolin 7-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and hyperoside were the primary compounds present for all of the used solvents. The most compounds (23) were detected in the methanol extract. Six antioxidant assays revealed that M. lutescens extracts showed interesting antioxidant activities with a significant variation between the extracts. The results revealed that the highest tyrosinase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities was detected in the ethyl acetate extract. This work confirmed that the nature of solvent influenced the levels and the types of the extracted biomolecules. Moreover, the obtained results suggest that M. lutescens may be a source of bioantioxidants for industrial additives.
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    Chemical characterization and biological activity of Onosma gigantea extracts
    Sarikurkcu, C; Kirkan, B; Ozer, MS; Ceylan, O; Atilgan, N; Cengiz, M; Tepe, B
    Onosma species have traditionally been used as laxative and anthelmintic agents as well as their uses in eye, blood diseases, bronchitis, abdominal pain, strangury, thirst, itch, leucoderma, fever, wounds, burns, piles, and urinary calculi. This study examines the investigation of biological activities of ethyl acetate, methanolic, and aqueous extracts from Onosma gigantea Lam. The extracts were evaluated for the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Phenolic compounds in the extracts were also detected by RP-HPLC-DAD. The aqueous extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity in phosphomolybdenum [134.31 mu mol trolox equivalents (TEs)/g air dry matter (adm)], chelating effect [32.97 mu mol ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt) equivalents (EDTAEs)/g adm], radical scavenging [on DPPH (32.14 mu mol TEs/g adm) and ABTS (58.68 mu mol TEs/g adm)), and reducing power [CUPRAC (50.23 mu mol TEs/g adm) and FRAP (40.96 mu mol TEs/g adm)] assays. The aqueous extract also exhibited considerable inhibitory activity of tyrosinase (10.48 mu mol kojic acid equivalents/g adm) and alpha-glucosidase [1320.53 mu mol acarbose equivalents (ACES)/g adm]. It has been determined that the methanolic extract showed significant AChE (31.57 mu mol galanthamine equivalents (GALAEs)/g adm) and alpha-amylase (6.75 mu mol ACEs/g adm) inhibitory activity. The ethyl acetate, which contains low polarity compounds, showed the highest BChE inhibitory activity (6.87 mu mol GALAEs/g adm). In general, it is found that there is a positive correlation between the phytochemical contents of the extracts and their biological activities. The results indicate that O. gigantea extracts could be considered as a novel source of bioactive agents with functional connections.
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    Chromatographic profile and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of Sideritis leptoclada: An endemic plant from Turkey
    Sarikurkcu, C; Ozer, MS; Istifli, ES; Sahinler, SS; Tepe, B
    Sideritis species have been used for centuries for their antimicrobial, digestive, anti-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of solvent extracts of S. leptoclada O. Schwarz & P.H. Davis, an endemic species. It was determined that methanol (MeOH) and water extracts contained high amounts of chlorogenic acid and verbascoside, while the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract contained high amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoic and vanilic acids. The water extract showed the highest antioxidant activity in almost all parameters. Inhibitory activity of the MeOH extract on tyrosinase was 1.04 mg/ml, which was the highest value in this experiment. On the other hand, in alpha-amylase inhibitory assay, the EtOAc extract showed an activity of 2.21 mg/ml. Docking analysis showed that verbascoside can be an effective tyrosinase and alpha-amylase inhibitory agent. (C) 2021 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of acetone, methanol and water extracts of Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp vulgare L.
    Sarikurkcu, C; Ozer, MS; Tepe, B; Dilek, E; Ceylan, O
    The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of acetone, methanol and water extracts of Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp. vulgare L. as well as its phytochemical composition. Methanol extract was found rich in of phenolic compounds (44.42 mg GAEs/g extract) whereas the highest flavonoid content was determined in the water extract (40.20 mg REs/g extract). Methanol extract was also found rich in protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid and apigenin. Data obtained from the phosphomolybdenum assay was found in correlation with those obtained from total phenolic assay. Methanol extract exhibited the highest activity (374.86 mmol TEs/g extract). In the case of chelating effect assay, acetone extract exhibited the highest activity. As observed in many previously reported studies, water extract exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (81.72 mg TEs/g extract). ABTS cation scavenging assay was resulted in the superiority of methanol extract (51.45 mg TEs/g extract). It also showed the strongest reducing power in CUPRAC and FRAP assays. Acetone extract exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase, while the highest a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory activities were exhibited by methanol and water extracts. Total amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were determined as 51.15%. C18:1 omega 9, C18:2 omega 6 and C18:3 omega 3 were determined in considerable quantities (23.93, 6.18 and 5.78%, respectively). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of endemic Marrubium parviflorum subsp oligodon
    Sarikurkcu, C; Ozer, MS; Calli, N; Popovic-Djordjevic, J
    In this study, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and solvent extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) obtained from aerial parts of the endemic plant Marrubium parviflorum subsp. oligodon collected from Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey were examined. The antioxidant ability of solvent extracts and essential oil was evaluated using various methods (beta-carotene-linoleic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and reducing power assays) and the content of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined. In the essential oil, thirty-one compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. The major components were (Z,Z)-farnesyl acetone (19.28%), caryophyllene oxide (15.85%) and pulegone (7.15%). In all assays, water extract showed the strongest antioxidant properties due to the highest content of total phenolics. The significantly high correlations were observed between the content of total phenolics and DPPH radical (0.894) and reducing power (0.983) assays. Methanol extract was the richest in total flavonoids. The present results support the traditional and possible use of the essential oil and extracts from M. parviflorum subsp. oligodon in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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    Valeriana dioscoridis aerial parts' extracts - A new source of phytochemicals with antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities
    Sarikurkcu, C; Jeszka-Skowron, M; Ozer, MS
    Valeriana root extracts are used in herbal medicine for treating sleep disorders. There is a lack of information of phytochemical composition of Valeriana dioscoridis aerial parts' extracts. The aim of the study was to measure antioxidant activity, determine the phenolic compounds from different groups such as phenolic acids and polyphenolic compounds: verbascoside or eriodictyol, and enzyme inhibitory activities in ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts. The methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity almost in all assays (excluding ferrous ion chelating activity). Moreover, the concentrations of the determined phytochemicals mainly chlorogenic acid content (21.4 +/- 0.7 mg/g), hesperidin (2.10 +/- 0.05 mg/g) and protocatechuic acid (0.94 +/- 0.02 mg/g) were the greatest for this extract. It was also the richest in all determined compounds - 21 phytochemicals were identified and water extract was the second most abundant in analytes (20 phytochemicals). The predominant compounds in water extract were the following: chlorogenic acid (20.3 +/- 0.12 mg/g), protocatechuic acid (0.83 +/- 0.02 mg/g) and caffeic acid (0.72 +/- 0.01 mg/g). Protocatechuic acid was prevailing in ethyl acetate extract (0.59 +/- 0.01 mg/g). In addition, in this extract the highest inhibitory activity of aamylase was found and the highest amount of verbascoside was determined in comparison to other extracts (0.53 +/- 0.01 mg/g). The tyrosinase inhibitory effect especially of methanol extract was also shown. Pearson correlation confirmed that the strong biological activity of methanol extract from V. dioscoridis resulted mainly from its high content of chlorogenic acid.
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    Onosma heterophyllum: Phenolic composition, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities
    Ozer, MS; Kirkan, B; Sarikurkcu, C; Cengiz, M; Ceylan, O; Atilgan, N; Tepe, B
    Onosma species have frequently been used for their colouring and dyeing properties in foods and medicinal preparations. The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of Onosma heterophyllum (Griseb.) are described. Phytochemical compositions of these extracts were also determined. The water extract showed not only remarkable antioxidant activity in all assays but also considerable inhibitory activity on tyrosinase and a-glucosidase (112.44 mu mol KAEs/g dry plant and 984.36 mu mol ACEs/g dry plant, respectively). The methanol extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cc-amylase (79.18 mu mol GALAEs/g dry plant and 10.42 mu mol ACEs/g dry plant, respectively). Chromatographic analyses revealed that the water extract was found to be rich in phenolic and flavonoid contents. On the basis of the correlation coefficients calculated separately for all experimental parameter pairs, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid and luteolin were found to be highly in correlation with the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. This study demonstrates that O. heterophyllum, contained in food preparations with various purposes for many years, could be used for the treatment of diabetes as well as its skin whitening effect.
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    Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl subsp longicaulis var. longicaulis
    Sarikurkcu, C; Ozer, MS; Eskici, M; Tepe, B; Can, S; Mete, E
    This study is designed to examine the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the hydro-distillated essential oil and various extracts obtained from Thymus longicaulis subsp. longicaulis var. Iongicaulis. GC and GC MS analysis of the essential oil were resulted in determination 22 different compounds, representing 99.61% of total oil. gamma-terpinene, thymol and p-cymene were determined as the major compounds of the oil (27.80, 27.65 and 19.38%. respectively). Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by four different test systems namely beta-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH, reducing power and chelating effect. Essential oil showed the highest antioxidant activity in beta-carotene/linoleic acid system among the experiments examined. In the case of other test systems, in general, methanol and water extracts exhibited the strongest activity profiles. Especially, reducing power of water extract was found superior than those of synthetic antioxidants. As well as the antioxidant activities of the extracts, they were evaluated in terms of their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Hexane and water extracts were found to be rich-in phenolics. However, flavonoids were determined in the highest level in methanol extract. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Calamintha incana: Essential oil composition and biological activity
    Popovic-Djordjevic, J; Cengiz, M; Ozer, MS; Sarikurkcu, C
    The chemical composition of the essential oils (EO) isolated aerial parts of Calamintha incana (Sm.) Boiss. from Turkey was characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. The oxygenated monoterpenes trans-piperitone oxide (41.37%), piperitenone oxide (34.47%), piperitenone (6.67%), and monoterpene phenol thymol (3.37%) were found to be the major constituents of the essential oils of C. incana. The results of the antioxidant activity in phosphomolybdenum, radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) and reducing power activity (CUPRAC and FRAP) as well as metal chelating effects (ferrous ion chelating) showed that EO was the most potent in ABTS (129.58 +/- 2.21 mg TEs/g oil) and CUPRAC and FRAP (51.14 +/- 0.05 and 53.63 +/- 0.10 mg TEs/g, respectively) assays. In enzymes inhibitory activity assays of EO, the best result was achieved for tyrosinase (2.10 +/- 0.30 mg KAEs/g oil). The results suggest that EO might be considered as a potential source of bioactive agents to be used in food and pharmacological industries.
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    Datura innoxia and Dipsacus laciniatus: Biological activity and phenolic composition
    Benabderrahim, MA; Sarikurkcu, C; Elfalleh, W; Ozer, MS
    In the present study, we investigated the phenolic composition of the methanol extract from the aboveground of two plants of Turkish flora; Datura innoxia and Dipsacus laciniatus. In addition, the antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum, CUPRAC, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS) and enzyme inhibitory activities (a-amylase and tyrosinase), and total phenolic and flavonoids contents were determined in these plant extracts. The results showed high significant differences among plants (p <= 0.05) for the antioxidant capacities measured with the different methods, the enzyme inhibitory activities, and the all identified phenolic compounds except for hyperoside. From a total of 23 identified phenolic compounds, 19 were found in both plants. The main flavonoids identified were (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin and hyperoside. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin showed very high concentrations in D. innoxia (12937.39 +/- 108.86 and 24147.64 +/- 2512.35 mu g/g of dry plant, respectively) and in D. laciniatus (4947.99 +/- 14.18 and 13171.30 +/- 2410.76 mu g/g of dry plant, respectively). Hyperoside had interesting contents with comparable values (115.11 +/- 16.20 in D. innoxia, and 110.77 +/- 16.32 mu g/g of dry plant in D. laciniatus). The major phenolic acid was chlorogenic acid especially in D. laciniatus (12124.22 +/- 598.13 mu g/g of dry plant). These compounds were correlated to the high antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities for both species and confirm their medicinal traditional uses. Hence, further screening of bioactive compounds in different organs such as flowers and roots of these plants is crucial for the discovering of new source of natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors.
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    Phenolic profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of Onosma tauricum var. tauricum
    Kirkan, B; Sarikurkcu, C; Ozer, MS; Cengiz, M; Atilgan, N; Ceylan, O; Tepe, B
    This study focused on phytochemical characterization and biological evaluation, both antioxidant and enzymatic inhibition, of ethyl acetate (OTT-EtOAc), methanol (OTT-MeOH), and water (OTT-W) extracts from Onosma tauricum var. tauricum aerial parts. The OTT-W extract was found to be the richest one in terms of its phenolic and flavonoid contents. Amounts of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined as 40.88 mu mol GAEs/g and 7.40 mu mol REs/g dry plant (dp), respectively. The OTT-MeOH and OTT-W extracts were also found to contain significant amounts of chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, luteolin, and apigenin. The OTT-W extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity in phosphomolybdenum, ferrous ion chelating, reducing power, and radical scavenging assays. The OTT-MeOH extract exhibited inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (54.62 mu mol GALAEs/g dp), while the extracts remained almost inactive on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The OTT-W extract also exhibited inhibitory activity on tyrosinase (90.66 mu mol KAEs/g dp) and alpha-glucosidase (2258.87 mu mol ACEs/g dp). The results suggest that especially the OTT-MeOH and OTT-W extracts can be used as a source of alternative natural products in the treatment of diseases caused by the enzymes evaluated here.
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    Enzyme and Biological Activities of the Water Extracts from the Plants Aesculus hippocastanum, Olea europaea and Hypericum perforatum That Are Used as Folk Remedies in Turkey
    Sarikurkcu, C; Locatelli, M; Tartaglia, A; Ferrone, V; Juszczak, AM; Ozer, MS; Tepe, B; Tomczyk, M
    Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites that are found ubiquitously in plants, fruits, and vegetables. Many studies have shown that regular consumption of these compounds could have a positive effect on our health. The aim of this study was to compare the phytochemical contents of the water extracts from three different plants used as folk remedies in Turkey: Aesculus hippocastanum, Olea europaea, and Hypericum perforatum. A liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis was performed to explore the phenolic profiles. The biological activities of these extracts were also evaluated in terms of their antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH, 2,2 '-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ABTS, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay FRAP, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity CUPRAC, beta-carotene, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating) and enzyme inhibitory properties (against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase). The aqueous extract of H. perforatum showed the highest levels of total phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents. Protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, verbascoside, hesperidin, hyperoside, apigenin 7-hexosides, and quercetin were the most common compounds found in this species. The results confirm that A. hippocastanum, O. europaea, and H. perforatum represent a potential source of natural-derived molecules with positive properties that could be used as valid starting point for new food supplements, and drugs in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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    LC-MS/MS profiles and interrelationships between the enzyme inhibition activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of Micromeria nervosa extracts
    Sarikurkcu, C; Andrade, JC; Ozer, MS; Silva, JMFD; Ceylan, O; de Sousa, EO; Coutinho, HDM
    The objective of this study was to quantify the phenolic compounds and to evaluate and compare the biological activities of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanolic (MeOH) and aqueous extracts from the Micromeria nervosa aerial parts, based on their antioxidant activity and enzymatic inhibition. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were calculated and individual compounds were detected using LC-ESI-MS/MS. The antioxidant activity was determined using six different assays while enzymatic activity was determined by alpha-amylase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. The main phenolic constituents detected in the extracts were rosmarinic acid. In the antioxidant assays the aqueous extract was shown to be more efficient than the others. The EtOAc and MeOH extracts presented higher inhibitory activity with respect to alpha-amylase and tyrosinase. Regardless of the solvent, the results suggest M. nervosa aerial extracts present a biological potential due to their antioxidant activity and enzymatic inhibition.
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    Phenolic content, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacity of two Trametes species
    Zengin, G; Karanfil, A; Uren, MC; Kocak, MS; Sarikurkcu, C; Gungor, H; Picot, CMN; Mahomoodally, MF
    The phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of methanolic and water extracts of Trametes gibbosa (TG) and Trametes hirsuta (TH) were characterised for the first time. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis revealed that TG and TH methanolic extracts contained (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. Methanolic extracts of TG and TH showed significantly (p < 0.05) high inhibition rates on acetyl (1.87 and 1.60 mg galantamine equivalents (GALAEs) per g extract respectively) and butyryl cholinesterase (1.71 and 1.90 mg GALAEs per g extract respectively). Low and insignificant inhibition was observed against alpha-amylase. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of TG (0.93 mmol acarbose equivalents (ACEs) per g extract) and TH (1.18 mmol ACEs per g extract) methanolic extracts were significantly (p < 0.05) high. Methanolic extract of TG (16.85 +/- 0.29 TEs per g extract) and TH (13.86 +/- 0.03 mg TEs per g extract) showed the most effective cupric reducing power. This study tends to support the potential use of these mushrooms species for designing new functional food formulations.