MCBÜ Açıkerişim Sistemi :: Browsing by Author "Sayan M."

Browsing by Author "Sayan M."

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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of luminous bacteria isolated from Izmir Gulf in Turkey: Vibrio harveyi TEM O5 and TEM S1 strains
(2008) Omeroglu E.E.; Karaboz I.; Sukatar A.; Uzel A.; Sayan M.; Sanlidag T.
Luminous bacteria were isolated from invertebrates and coastal seawater samples in the summer season 2004, from Izmir Gulf in Turkey. The seawater samples were concentrated by using 0.22-μ pore-sized nitrocellulose membrane filters. The concentrated seawater samples and intestinal contents of Holothuria tubulosa were inoculated on Seawater Complete (SWC) and BOSS media. The agar plates were incubated at 25°C for 48 h. After incubation, bioluminescent bacteria were isolated in a dark room, then purified and stored on a suitable medium. Bioluminescent isolates were identified with a polyphasic approach by using morphological, cultural, biochemical and molecular characteristics, in addition to 16SrDNA sequencing. Finally, the bioluminescent marine bacteria isolated from intestinal contents of H. tubulosa and seawater samples were identified as Vibrio harveyi TEM S1 and TEM O5 strains, respectively. © by PSP.
Molecular typing of adenoviruses isolated from clinical specimens by pcr and dna sequencing methods; [Klinik ömeiklerden izole edilen adenoviruslarin pcr ve dna dizi analizi yöntemiyle tiplendirilmesi]
(2012) Çiçek C.; Şanlidaĝ T.; Akçau S.; Sayan M.; Yalaz M.; Metin D.Y.
Adenoviruses are responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections (UI^TIs and LRTIs, respectively), conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and hemorrhagic cystitis. The aim of this study was to determine the adenovirus (AdV) types isolated from clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods. A total of 22 AdV strains isolated between January 1 2011 to May 31 2011, from various samples (295 nasopharyngeal swabs, 42 conjunctival swabs, 13 stool) sent to our routine virology laboratory were included in the study. Of the 22 patients whose samples yielded adenovirus positivity, 8 were adult (4 were male; median age: 32.5 years) and 14 (7 were male; median age: 1 year) were children. Those specimens (14 nasopharyngeal swabs, 7 conjunctival swabs, 1 stool) were obtained from patients with URTIs (n= 6), LRTIs (n= 8), conjunctivitis (n= 7) and gastroenteritis (n= 1). For the isolation and identification of adenoviruses, rapid (shell vial) cell culture and direct immunofluorescence antibody methods were used, respectively. Molecular typing of adenoviruses were performed by PCR and sequencing of a partial region (hipervariable region 1 -6) of the hexon gene. PCR primers (Adhex FI, Adhex R1) used for DNA amplification were from those described by Lu and Erdman, previously. If insufficient DNA was amplified from the first reaction for sequencing, a nested PCR was performed using Adhex F2 and Adhex R2 primers. Sequencing was performed using the amplification primers and Sequence Reagent Mix-DYEnamic ET Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Inc, USA) on ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). Obtained adenovirus sequences were typed by BLAST analysis and three AdV types namely type 3, 4, and 8 were identified. In our study, AdV type 3 was detected in a gastroenteritis case and six cases with URTIs and LRTIs (n= 7, 31.8%). AdV type 8 was identified as the cause of conjunctivitis in seven patients and of URTIs and LRTIs in five patients (n= 12, 54.5%). AdV type 4 was found to be associated with URTI in one, and LRTIs in two patients (n= 3; 13.7%). Our data indicated that AdV type 8 was the most prevalent type in patients with conjunctivitis and URTIs, while AdV type 3 was the most prevalent type in patients with LRTI. BLAST analysis was thought to be useful for the molecular typing of adenoviruses. In conclusion, advanced studies with large number of specimens are necessary to achive a reliable, detailed national adenovirus database.
Investigation of adipogenic effects of human adenovirus serotypes 36 and 5 in a Colo-320 cell line
(2013) Sanlidag T.; Akcali S.; Vatansever S.; Cicek C.; Sayan M.; Cakmakliogullari E.K.; Taskiran Sen P.
Aim: We aimed to investigate the adipogenic effects of adenovirus (Ad) serotypes 5, 36 and 8 in a Colo-320 cell line using histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. Materials & methods: Ad serotypes were inoculated in a Colo-320 cell line and were cultured for 14 days. They were then collected and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde to analyze their adipogenic effects using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic methods. Intracellular lipid droplets were detected in the Colo-320 cells inoculated with Ad36 and Ad5 by electron microscopic analyses. Results: After Oil Red O staining, the pink-orange staining was positive intracellularly in Colo-320 cells infected with Ad36 and Ad5. In addition, the leptin immunoreactivity was also positive in these cells. Conclusion: Our results suggested that intracellular lipid accumulation occured after infection with Ad36 and Ad5. The positive staining of Oil Red O and leptin also supported the electron microscopic results; therefore, we conclude that this accumulation occurred due to adipogenic effects of Ad36 and Ad5. © 2013 Future Medicine Ltd.
Hepatitis B virus genotype E infection in Turkey: The detection of the first case; [Türkiye'de ̄lk Kez Saptanan Hepatit B Virus Genotip E Enfeksiyonu]
(Ankara Microbiology Society, 2014) Sayan M.; Daʇ T.Ş.; Akçali S.; Arikan A.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global major health problem. Currently, 10 genotypes (A-J) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are identified based on the nucleic acid sequence heterogeneity, and these genotypes have been shown to have distinct geographic distribution. Reports of the previous studies indicated that the genotype D is the predominant type among hepatitis B patients in different regions of Turkey. However, recent studies indicated that other HBV genotypes are also seen with an increasing rate. Although epidemiological and clinical information on genotype E infection is currently limited, it is known that genotype E infection is common in West and Central Africa. In this report, the first case of HBV genotype E infection in Turkey was presented. A 22-year-old Nigerian male employee who resided in Manisa for five years was admitted to Celal Bayar University Hospital Manisa, Turkey, for his routine check-up. Since HBsAg was found positive, other HBV markers were tested with a repeated serum sample. Laboratory findings were as follows; HBsAg (+), anti-HBs (-), HBeAg (-), anti-HBe (+), anti-HBc (+), anti-HCV (-), anti-HIV (-), ALT: 44 U/L and AST: 45 U/L. HBV-DNA level was detected as 700 lU/ml by real-time PCR (Artus HBV QS RGQ Qiagen, Germany). HBV-DNA isolated from the serum sample of the patient was amplified by PCR and polymerase gene segment of HBV was directly sequenced. UPGMA method was used for phylogenetic analysis and Inno-LIPA HBV genotyping method (Innogenetics, Belgium) was performed to determine multiple HBV genotype infection. On the basis of those methods the genotype of the virus was identified as genotype E. The partial sequences of the HBV polymerase gene were loaded to the international DNA data bank (GenBank) for contribution to the global HBV surveillance. This report emphasized that besides genotype D the other HBV genotypes could be found in Turkey. Since the patient was an inactive HBsAg carrier before his residence in Turkey, this case was regarded as an imported HBV genotype E case. In conclusion, detection of different HBV genotypes, their epidemiology and molecular characteristics are important for both national and global HBV surveillance and better clinical approach.
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis b virus in northern Cyprus; [Kuzey Kibris'ta Hepatit B Virusunun Moleküler Epidemiyolojisi]
(Ankara Microbiology Society, 2016) Arikan A.; Şanlidaǧ T.; Süer K.; Sayan M.; Akçali S.; Güler E.
Identification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains and understanding of molecular epidemiological characteristics are important for the effective surveillance of HBV infections. Genotype D is dominant in studies performed in Turkey but it is known that cases infected with genotypes A, E, C and H also exists. In contrast, there are no data regarding the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of the HBV in Northern Cyprus. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of genotypes and subgenotypes of HBV among the people living, educating and working in Northern Cyprus. A total of 160 cases (1.2%) who were HBsAg seropositive out of 13.892 subjects admitted to Nicosia, Near East University Hospital microbiology laboratory for the routine control and to blood center for donor screening tests between November 2011 to September 2014, were included in the study. HBV-DNA levels in the HBsAg positive cases were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotypes/subgenotypes were determined by sequence analysis of the viral pol gene (reverse transcriptase [rt] region, between 80-250. aminoacids). Sixty samples (60/160, 37.5%) were excluded from sequencing analysis due to negative and/or very low (< 30 lU/ml) HBV-DNA levels, so 100 samples were included in sequence analysis. Ninety-six of those cases (13 female, 87 male; mean age: 35.51 ± 12.88 years) were anti-HBc IgG, 95 were anti-HBe and five were HBeAg positive, with a mean HBV-DNA level of 5.36 x 106 ± 3.58 x 107 lU/ml. As 32 (32%) samples yielded HBV- DNA level below the threshold of 1000 lU/ml, sequence analyses were unsuccesful, eventually 68 (68/160, 42.5%) samples could be phylogenetically analyzed. The distribution of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes were found as follows: 48 were (70.6%) D/D1; four were (5.9%) D/D2; one was (1.5%) D/D3, five were (7.4%) A/A1, two were (2.9%) A/A2 and eight were (11.8%) genotype E. Among the most frequent D1 strains, 60.4% (29/48) cases were from Turkish; single D/D3 strain from Benguela (Angola) and all eight genotype E strains were from Nigerian national cases. According to the data of this first study performed in TRNC on this subject, genotype D is dominant (53/68, 78%) in Northern Cyprus and consistent with the subgenotype distribution that is similar to Turkey and mediterranean basin. The prevalences of genotype A (7/68, 10.3%) and E (8/68, 11.8%) were also remarkable. In conclusion, although Northern Cyprus is an island country the heterogeneous distribution of HBV genotype/subgenotype may be contributed to the cosmopolitan characteristics of various populations from different countries who have come here for education, work or touristic purposes.
Determination of drug resistance mutations of NS3 inhibitors in chronic hepatitis c patients infected with genotype; [Genotip 1 ile enfekte kronik hepatit C hastalarinda NS3 inhibitörü ilaçlarin direnç mutasyonlarinin belirlenmesi]
(Ankara Microbiology Society, 2017) Şanlidaǧ T.; Sayan M.; Akçali S.; Kasap E.; Buran T.; Arikan A.
Direct-Acting antiviral agents (DAA) such as NS3 protease inhibitors is the first class of drugs used for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment. NS3 inhibitors (PI) with low genetic barrier have been approved to be used in the CHC genotype 1 infections, and in the treatment of compensated liver disease including cirrhosis together with pegile interferon and ribavirin. Consequently, the development of drug resistance during DAA treatment of CHC is a major problem. NS3 resistant variants can be detected before treatment as they can occumaturally. The aim of this study was to investigate new and old generation NS3 inhibitors resistance mutations before DAA treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV) that were isolated from CHC. The present study was conducted in 2015 and included 97 naive DAA patients infected with HCV genotype 1, who were diagnosed in Manisa and Kocaeli cities of Turkey. Magnetic particle based HCV RNA extraction and than RNA detection and quantification were performed using commercial real-Time PCR assay QIASypmhony + Rotorgene Q/ArtusHCV QS-RGQ and COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Tests. HCV NS3 viral protease genome region was amplified with PCR and mutation analysis was performed by Sanger dideoxy sequencing technique of NS3 protease codons (codon 32-185). HCV NS3 protease inhibitors; asunaprevir, boceprevir, faldaprevir, grazoprevir, pariteprevir, simeprevir and telap- revir were analysed for resistant mutations by Geno2pheno-HCV resistance tool. HCV was genotyped in all patients and 88 patients (n= 88/97, 91%) had genotype 1. Eight (n= 8/97, 8.2%) and 80 (n= 80/97, 82.4%) HCC patients were subgenotyped as 1 a and 1 b, respectively. Many aminoacid substitutions and resistance mutations were determined in 39/88 (44%) patients in the study group. Q80L, SI 22C/N, SI 38W were defined as potential substitutions (6/88 patients; 7%); R109K, R117C, S122G, 1132V, 1170V, N174S were described as potential resistance (34/88 patients; 39%); V36L, T54S, V55A, Q80H were characterized as resistance (7/88 patients; 8%) and Q80K, A156S were defined as high resistance (3/88 patients; 3%) mutations. Based on resistance and high resistance mutations, clinically significant mutations were defined in 10/88 (11%) of the patients. Our study shows that it is essential to analyse HCV NS3 protease inhibitors drug resistance before DAA treatment of CHC patients. On the other hand, our results pointed out that analysis of NS5A and NS5B genome region mutations may also be required in the near future.
Dynamics of HIV/AIDS in Turkey from 1985 to 2016
(Springer Netherlands, 2018) Sayan M.; Hınçal E.; Şanlıdağ T.; Kaymakamzade B.; Sa’ad F.T.; Baba I.A.
In this paper, we formulated a mathematical model that studies the dynamics of HIV/AIDS in Turkey from 1985 to 2016. We find two equilibrium points, disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. Global stability analysis of the equilibria was conducted using Lyapunov function which depends on the basic reproduction ratio R0. If R0 < 1, the disease free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable, and if R0 ≥ 1 the endemic equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable. We computed and predicted the basic reproduction ratios across all the years. It was found out that there were flaws in the exact values of R0 which is related to the poor registration system of HIV/AIDS in Turkey. Hence, there is need for the government to improve the system in order to cover the actual cases of the disease. The increase of the basic reproduction ratio over the years also shows the need for the relevant authorities to adopt appropriate control measures in combating the disease. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Role of awareness in controlling HIV/AIDS: a mathematical model
(Springer Netherlands, 2018) Kaymakamzade B.; Şanlıdağ T.; Hınçal E.; Sayan M.; Sa’ad F.T.; Baba I.A.
This paper proposes and analyzes two epidemic models incorporating the effects of the awareness programs. One of the models is for HIV awareness and the other AIDS awareness. Awareness programs play a promising role in disseminating the information about outbreak of any HIV/AIDS in Turkey. This motivates people to take precautionary measures and guides the infected individuals to get the required treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the awareness on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS in Turkey. The models are analyzed using stability theory of differential equations. The sensitivity of parameters has been discussed and it has been found that the awareness education programs have positive impact in reducing the infection prevalence of the infective population in Turkey. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Evaluation of the Pol/S gene overlapping mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients in northern Cyprus
(Polish Society of Microbiologists, 2019) Arikan A.; Sayan M.; Sanlidag T.; Suer K.; Akcali S.; Guvenir M.
Mutations associated with the pol and the S gene can emerge as a consequence of the high replication capacity and proofreading deficiencies of hepatitis B virus during replication. The current study was constructed to evaluate primary, partial, compensatory and the escape mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients in Northern Cyprus. The samples of HBsAg positive treatment naïve 100 patients were involved in this study. HBV pol gene region was sequenced, amplified and HBV pol/S gene mutations were determined. The samples of thirty-two patients were excluded because of their low viral load (HBV < 1000 ıu/ml). Among the sequenced 68 samples, there was a partial mutation (1.5%) and 36.7% displayed a resistance profile to lamivudine, adevofir, and telbivudine. Immune response escape, vaccine escape, HBIg and diagnosis escape mutations were determined in 24%, 10%, 6%, and 4% samples of the patients, respectively. Additionally, there were six different combined mutations. These data underscored that there is no concern for primary mutations in Northern Cyprus, however, we have identified a compensatory mutation (rtV173M) that may have primary mutation characteristics by combining with other mutation patterns. Additionally, HBsAg escape mutants demonstrated that detection of the S gene together with the pol gene mutations might be beneficial and important to monitor the surveillance of S variants. © 2019 Ayse Arikan et al.
Dynamics and control of HIV/AIDS in cyprus using real data
(Springer Verlag, 2019) Hincal E.; Sanlidag T.; Saad F.T.; Suer K.; Baba I.A.; Sayan M.; Kaymakamzade B.; Sultanoglu N.
This article presents a mathematical model that studies the dynamics of HIV in North and South Cyprus. The global stability of the two equilibrium points involved are disease-free and endemic, and are performed using Lyapunov function. We have showed that the stability is dependent on the magnitude of the basic reproduction number R 0 . If R 0 < 1, the disease free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable and the disease vanishes, whereas if R 0 ≥ 1, the endemic equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable and epidemics will occur. Real data obtained from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ministry of Health is used to examine and predict the progress of HIV in North Cyprus, as well as comparing our results with South Cyprus using their published data. Reported HIV positive cases of only Turkish and Greek Cypriots were included from the data obtained from Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ministry of Health and South Cyprus data, respectively. The results showed that, the basic reproduction number of North and South Cyprus are 0.00012 and 0.00034 respectively; which are less than one; hence, this indicates that there is currently no epidemic in the country. Furthermore, the number of HIV positive individuals in North Cyprus is likely to increase by almost 50%, whereas for South Cyprus an increase of 100% of the initial value (of 2017) is estimated in the next 20 years. Thus, the authorities should take the necessary actions and strategic measures for controlling the spread of the disease. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Comparison of performance characteristics of DxN VERIS system versus qiagen PCR for HBV genotype D and HCV genotype 1b quantification
(Polish Society of Microbiologists, 2019) Sayan M.; Arikan A.; Sanlidag T.
The Beckman Coulter DxN VERIS system is a fully automated, closed molecular diagnostic instrument for viral load quantification of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. In this study, the analytical performance of this new system was compared to routine diagnostic Qiagen PCR kit by using the same clinical samples. The DxN VERIS system demonstrated a high analytical performance. The DxN VERIS allows random access, which means that samples can be uploaded straight on to the system at any time; so, it provides an improvement of workflow, staff productivity and allows faster turn-around of viral load results. © 2019 Murat Sayan et al.
Global stability analysis of HIV+ model
(Springer Verlag, 2019) Saad F.T.; Sanlidag T.; Hincal E.; Sayan M.; Baba I.A.; Kaymakamzade B.
We developed and studied a mathematical model of HIV+. Two equilibriums points were found, disease free and endemic equilibrium, and basic reproduction ratio R 0 was also calculated by the use of next generation matrix. Global stability analysis of the equilibria was carried out by the use of Lyapunov function, and it was shown that the stability of the equilibria depends on the magnitude of the basic reproduction ratio. When R 0 < 1, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and disease dies out. On the other hand if R 0 ≥ 1, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and epidemics occurs. Reported cases of 13646 HIV-1 positive were obtained in the year 2016 from Ministry of Health, Turkey (MOH). This data is used to present the numerical simulations, which supports the analytic result. R 0 was found to be 1.98998, which is bigger than 1, this shows the threat posed by HIV in Turkey. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The Use of Fuzzy PROMETHEE Technique in Antiretroviral Combination Decision in Pediatric HIV Treatments
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Uzun B.; Yildirim F.S.; Sayan M.; Şanlidaǧ T.; Ozsahin D.U.
In this study, we analyzed the best treatment options in HIV pediatric cases among many antiretroviral drug combinations and each combination has different properties. Such many combinations can cause confusion for physicians practice. For this aim, we proposed fuzzy PROMETHEE technique, a multi-criteria decision-making technique based on the mutual comparison of the options. The most common antiretroviral drug combinations used in the pediatric HIV treatments (for the infants and for the children aged less than 3 years) were evaluated and compared corresponding to their parameters by PROMETHEE technique. We used the linguistic fuzzy scale for the importance of the weight of the selected parameters according to experts opinion. Integrase inhibitors based drug combinations (RAL; raltegravir + 3TC/ZDV; lamivudin/zidovudin) was found as best preferred regimes. © 2019 IEEE.
Determination of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Regimen in the Prevention of Potential Pediatric HIV-1 Infection by the Multi-criteria Decision Making Theory
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Sayan M.; Sultanoglu N.; Uzun B.; Yildirim F.S.; Sanlidag T.; Ozsahin D.U.
With the use of fuzzy PROMETHEE method, current study analysed and evaluated the preferred and alternative post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens that can be used in infants and children. PEP is a combination of anti-HIV drugs that can be prescribed after a possible exposure to HIV infection with the aim of preventing infection. The fuzzy PROMETHEE method is a multi-criteria decision maker technique which allows the mutual comparison of different alternatives in a system. Thus, different PEP regimens were evaluated using this technique with their corresponding parameters. The relative importance (weights) of the used parameters for each criterion was determined by expert's opinions and the use of guidelines. Our study indicated that amongst the PEP regimens, raltegravir+tenofovir/emtricitabine (RAL+TDF/FTC) was found to be the most potent PEP regimen that can be applied in infants and children in necessary situations. © 2019 IEEE.
Selection of the Most Appropriate Antiretroviral Medication in Determined Aged Groups (≥3 years) of HIV-1 Infected Children
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Sultanoglu N.; Uzun B.; Yildirim F.S.; Sayan M.; Sanlidag T.; Ozsahin D.U.
By using the PROMETHEE technique, we have evaluated the available HIV pediatric antiretroviral drug regimens in three different groups of children which are from ≥3 years to <6 years old, from ≥6 years to <12 years old, and; from ≥ 12 years and older, with sexual maturity rating (SMR) 1-3. This technique is a multi-criteria decision maker that mutually compares the available options. The most frequently used antiretroviral drug regimens were used for determined aged groups and were analysed corresponding to their parameters by PROMETHEE technique. Linguistic fuzzy scale was used in order to evaluate and compare between the antiretroviral drug regimens. This scale consisted of selected parameters that possessed different weights which were determined by the experts' opinions of the field. The result of our study, indicated that the most effective antiretroviral drug regimen for children from ≥3 years to <6 years old was raltegravir + lamivudine/zidovudine (RAL+3TC/ZDV), and for ≥6 years to <12 years old, and from ≥12years old and older with SMR 1-3 were dolutegravir + abacavir/lamivudine (DTG+ABC/3TC). © 2019 IEEE.
Evaluating the efficacy of adult hiv post exposure prophylaxis regimens in relation to transmission risk factors by multi criteria decision method
(Springer, 2020) Sayan M.; Sanlidag T.; Sultanoglu N.; Uzun B.; Yildirim F.S.; Ozsahin D.U.
There are approximately 39 million people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Although antiretroviral treatment (ART) has revolutionized the treatment and management of the HIV infection, a cure still remains elusive. In addition to ART’s success at prolonging the lives of the infected individuals, it also has its uses in other cases. For example, post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) ART regimens are used after potential exposure to HIV to prevent the establishment of the HIV infection by up to 80% when administered in a timely manner. There are many guidelines available for these situations; however, they have differences in terms of their content and very few guidelines suggest specific PEP ART regimens for particular risk factors. Our study uses a multi criteria decision making method called Fuzzy PROMETHEE to evaluate the effectiveness of selected PEP ART regimens according to specified transmission risk factors for HIV. The risk factors were the criteria in this study and were weighted according to experts’ opinions in terms of their relative importance. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
Efficacy evaluation of antiretroviral drug combinations for hiv-1 treatment by using the fuzzy promethee
(Springer, 2020) Sayan M.; Ozsahin D.U.; Sanlidag T.; Sultanoglu N.; Yildirim F.S.; Uzun B.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes disease by damaging the immune system. If treatment is not initiated, the immune system collapses and this leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The drugs used in the treatment of HIV infection slow or stop the damage caused by the virus to the immune system. In this study, we analyzed the treatment options of HIV since there are many antiretroviral drug combinations available for the treatment and each combination has different properties. The variety of different combinations can cause confusion for physicians in practice. Based on this aim, we proposed the fuzzy PROMETHEE technique, a multi-criteria decision making technique based on mutual comparison of the options. The most common antiretroviral drug combinations used in the HIV treatment were evaluated and compared corresponding to their parameters by the PROMETHEE technique. According to our results, integrase-based inhibitor drug combinations were predominantly preferred. BIC + TAF/FTC (bictegravir + tenofoviralafenamide/ emtricitabine) outranked the other antiretroviral drug combinations with a net flow of 0.0437, followed by DTG + ABC/3TC (dolutegravir + abacavir/ lamivudine) then DTG + TAF/FTC (dolutegravir + tenofoviralafenamide/ emtricitabine). The results obtained with the application of decision-making theories on these option treatment methods will provide significant information for relevant patients, HIV treatment specialists and drug-makers. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
Capacity Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for COVID-19 Using Multicriteria Decision-Making Techniques
(Hindawi Limited, 2020) Sayan M.; Sarigul Yildirim F.; Sanlidag T.; Uzun B.; Uzun Ozsahin D.; Ozsahin I.
In December 2019, cases of pneumonia were detected in Wuhan, China, which were caused by the highly contagious coronavirus. This study is aimed at comparing the confusion regarding the selection of effective diagnostic methods to make a mutual comparison among existing SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests and at determining the most effective one. Based on available published evidence and clinical practice, diagnostic tests of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were evaluated by multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, namely, fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (fuzzy PROMETHEE) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS). Computerized tomography of chest (chest CT), the detection of viral nucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction, cell culture, CoV-19 antigen detection, CoV-19 antibody IgM, CoV-19 antibody IgG, and chest X-ray were evaluated by linguistic fuzzy scale to compare among the diagnostic tests. This scale consists of selected parameters that possessed different weights which were determined by the experts' opinions of the field. The results of our study with both proposed MCDM methods indicated that the most effective diagnosis method of COVID-19 was chest CT. It is interesting to note that the methods that are consistently used in the diagnosis of viral diseases were ranked in second place for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, each country should use appropriate diagnostic solutions according to its own resources. Our findings also show which diagnostic systems can be used in combination. © 2020 Murat Sayan et al.
Comparative Evaluation of the Treatment of COVID-19 with Multicriteria Decision-Making Techniques
(Hindawi Limited, 2021) Yildirim F.S.; Sayan M.; Sanlidag T.; Uzun B.; Ozsahin D.U.; Ozsahin I.
Objectives. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019. Until now, many drugs and methods have been used in the treatment of the disease. However, no effective treatment option has been found and only case-based successes have been achieved so far. This study aims to evaluate COVID-19 treatment options using multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. Methods. In this study, we evaluated the available COVID-19 treatment options by MCDM techniques, namely, fuzzy PROMETHEE and VIKOR. These techniques are based on the evaluation and comparison of complex and multiple criteria to evaluate the most appropriate alternative. We evaluated current treatment options including favipiravir (FPV), lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, interleukin-1 blocker, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasma exchange. The criteria used for the analysis include side effects, method of administration of the drug, cost, turnover of plasma, level of fever, age, pregnancy, and kidney function. Results. The results showed that plasma exchange was the most preferred alternative, followed by FPV and IVIG, while hydroxychloroquine was the least favorable one. New alternatives could be considered once they are available, and weights could be assigned based on the opinions of the decision-makers (physicians/clinicians). The treatment methods that we evaluated with MCDM methods will be beneficial for both healthcare users and to rapidly end the global pandemic. The proposed method is applicable for analyzing the alternatives to the selection problem with quantitative and qualitative data. In addition, it allows the decision-maker to define the problem simply under uncertainty. Conclusions. Fuzzy PROMETHEE and VIKOR techniques are applied in aiding decision-makers in choosing the right treatment technique for the management of COVID-19. © 2021 Figen Sarigul Yildirim et al.
Trends and Risk of HIV/AIDS in Turkey and Its Cities
(Springer, 2021) Hincal E.; Sayan M.; Kaymakamzade B.; Şanlidağ T.; Sa’ad F.T.; Baba I.A.
We developed a mathematical model to study the dynamics of HIV/AIDS in Turkey and its environs. Two equilibrium points were found and local stability analysis of the equilibria was conducted. It was found that the stability of the equilibria depend on a threshold quantity; the basic reproduction ratio R0. When R0≤ 1, the disease free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and disease dies out. When R0≥ 1, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and disease persist. We considered the dynamics of the disease in 25 cities of Turkey and found out that the basic reproduction ratio for 17 cities is greater than one, while 8 of them have less than one. This indicates there is going to be epidemics in these 17 cities and the disease will die out in the remaining cities. The results also indicated that some of the cities (with bigger basic reproduction ratio) are at bigger risk than the others. There is need for quick intervention by the relevant authorities, especially in the cities with greater risk of the disease. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Browsing by Author "Sayan M."

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