Browsing by Author "Sharma A."

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    Observation of the rare B0 s→μ+μ- decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data
    (Nature Research, 2015) Khachatryan V.; Sirunyan A.M.; Tumasyan A.; Adam W.; Bergauer T.; Dragicevic M.; Erö J.; Friedl M.; Frühwirth R.; Ghete V.M.; Hartl C.; Hörmann N.; Hrubec J.; Jeitler M.; Kiesenhofer W.; Knünz V.; Krammer M.; Krätschmer I.; Liko D.; Mikulec I.; Rabady D.; Rahbaran B.; Rohringer H.; Schöfbeck R.; Strauss J.; Treberer-Treberspurg W.; Waltenberger W.; Wulz C.-E.; Mossolov V.; Shumeiko N.; Suarez Gonzalez J.; Alderweireldt S.; Bansal S.; Cornelis T.; De Wolf E.A.; Janssen X.; Knutsson A.; Lauwers J.; Luyckx S.; Ochesanu S.; Rougny R.; Van De Klundert M.; Van Haevermaet H.; Van Mechelen P.; Van Remortel N.; Van Spilbeeck A.; Blekman F.; Blyweert S.; D'Hondt J.; Daci N.; Heracleous N.; Keaveney J.; Lowette S.; Maes M.; Olbrechts A.; Python Q.; Strom D.; Tavernier S.; Van Doninck W.; Van Mulders P.; Van Onsem G.P.; Villella I.; Caillol C.; Clerbaux B.; De Lentdecker G.; Dobur D.; Favart L.; Gay A.P.R.; Grebenyuk A.; Léonard A.; Mohammadi A.; Perniè L.; Randle-conde A.; Reis T.; Seva T.; Thomas L.; Vander Velde C.; Vanlaer P.; Wang J.; Zenoni F.; Adler V.; Beernaert K.; Benucci L.; Cimmino A.; Costantini S.; Crucy S.; Dildick S.; Fagot A.; Garcia G.; Mccartin J.; Ocampo Rios A.A.; Ryckbosch D.; Salva Diblen S.; Sigamani M.; Strobbe N.; Thyssen F.; Tytgat M.; Yazgan E.; Zaganidis N.; Basegmez S.; Beluffi C.; Bruno G.; Castello R.; Caudron A.; Ceard L.; DaSilveira G.G.; Delaere C.; Du Pree T.; Favart D.; Forthomme L.; Giammanco A.; Hollar J.; Jafari A.; Jez P.; Komm M.; Lemaitre V.; Nuttens C.; Pagano D.; Perrini L.; Pin A.; Piotrzkowski K.; Popov A.; Quertenmont L.; Selvaggi M.; Vidal Marono M.; Vizan Garcia J.M.; Beliy N.; Caebergs T.; Daubie E.; Hammad G.H.; Aldá W.L.; Alves G.A.; Brito L.; Correa Martins Junior M.; Dos Reis Martins T.; Mora Herrera C.; Pol M.E.; Rebello Teles P.; Carvalho W.; Chinellato J.; Custódio A.; Da Costa E.M.; De Jesus Damiao D.; De Oliveira Martins C.; Fonseca De Souza S.; Malbouisson H.; Matos Figueiredo D.; Mundim L.; Nogima H.; Prado Da Silva W.L.; Santaolalla J.; Santoro A.; Sznajder A.; Tonelli Manganote E.J.; Vilela Pereira A.; Bernardes C.A.; Dogra S.; Fernandez Perez Tomei T.R.; Gregores E.M.; Mercadante P.G.; Novaes S.F.; Padula S.; Aleksandrov A.; Genchev V.; Hadjiiska R.; Iaydjiev P.; Marinov A.; Piperov S.; Rodozov M.; Sultanov G.; Vutova M.; Dimitrov A.; Glushkov I.; Litov L.; Pavlov B.; Petkov P.; Bian J.G.; Chen G.M.; Chen H.S.; Chen M.; Cheng T.; Du R.; Jiang C.H.; Plestina R.; Romeo F.; Tao J.; Wang Z.; Asawatangtrakuldee C.; Ban Y.; Li Q.; Liu S.; Mao Y.; Qian S.J.; Wang D.; Xu Z.; Zou W.; Avila C.; Cabrera A.; Chaparro Sierra L.F.; Florez C.; Gomez J.P.; GomezMoreno B.; Sanabria J.C.; Godinovic N.; Lelas D.; Polic D.; Puljak I.; Antunovic Z.; Kovac M.; Brigljevic V.; Kadija K.; Luetic J.; Mekterovic D.; Sudic L.; Attikis A.; Mavromanolakis G.; Mousa J.; Nicolaou C.; Ptochos F.; Razis P.A.; Bodlak M.; Finger M.; Finger M.; Assran Y.; Ellithi Kamel A.; Mahmoud M.A.; Radi A.; Kadastik M.; Murumaa M.; Raidal M.; Tiko A.; Eerola P.; Fedi G.; Voutilainen M.; Härkönen J.; Karimäki V.; Kinnunen R.; Kortelainen M.J.; Lampén T.; Lassila- Perini K.; Lehti S.; Lindén T.; Luukka P.; Mäenpää T.; Peltola T.; Tuominen E.; Tuominiemi J.; Tuovinen E.; Wendland L.; Talvitie J.; Tuuva T.; Besancon M.; Couderc F.; Dejardin M.; Denegri D.; Fabbro B.; Faure J.L.; Favaro C.; Ferri F.; Ganjour S.; Givernaud A.; Gras P.; HameldeMonchenault G.; Jarry P.; Locci E.; Malcles J.; Rander J.; Rosowsky A.; Titov M.; Baffioni S.; Beaudette F.; Busson P.; Charlot C.; Dahms T.; Dalchenko M.; Dobrzynski L.; Filipovic N.; Florent A.; Granier De Cassagnac R.; Mastrolorenzo L.; Miné P.; Mironov C.; Naranjo I.N.; Nguyen M.; Ochando C.; Ortona G.; Paganini P.; Regnard S.; Salerno R.; Sauvan J.B.; Sirois Y.; Veelken C.; Yilmaz Y.; Zabi A.; Agram J.-L.; Andrea J.; Aubin A.; Bloch D.; Brom J.-M.; Chabert E.C.; Collard C.; Conte E.; Fontaine J.-C.; Gelé D.; Goerlach U.; Goetzmann C.; Le Bihan A.-C.; Skovpen K.; VanHove P.; Gadrat S.; Beauceron S.; Beaupere N.; Boudoul G.; Bouvier E.; Brochet S.; Carrillo Montoya C.A.; Chasserat J.; Chierici R.; Contardo D.; Depasse P.; El Mamouni H.; Fan J.; Fay J.; Gascon S.; Gouzevitch M.; Ille B.; Kurca T.; Lethuillier M.; Mirabito L.; Perries S.; Ruiz Alvarez J.D.; Sabes D.; Sgandurra L.; Sordini V.; Vander Donckt M.; Verdier P.; Viret S.; Xiao H.; Tsamalaidze Z.; Autermann C.; Beranek S.; Bontenackels M.; Edelhoff M.; Feld L.; Heister A.; Hindrichs O.; Klein K.; Ostapchuk A.; Raupach F.; Sammet J.; Schael S.; Schulte J.F.; Weber H.; Wittmer B.; Zhukov V.; Ata M.; Brodski M.; Dietz-Laursonn E.; Duchardt D.; Erdmann M.; Fischer R.; Gü th A.; Hebbeker T.; Heidemann C.; Hoepfner K.; Klingebiel D.; Knutzen S.; Kreuzer P.; Merschmeyer M.; Meyer A.; Millet P.; Olschewski M.; Padeken K.; Papacz P.; Reithler H.; Schmitz S.A.; Sonnenschein L.; Teyssier D.; Thüer S.; Weber M.; Cherepanov V.; Erdogan Y.; Flügge G.; Geenen H.; Geisler M.; Haj Ahmad W.; Hoehle F.; Kargoll B.; Kress T.; Kuessel Y.; Künsken A.; Lingemann J.; Nowack A.; Nugent I.M.; Pooth O.; Stahl A.; AldayaMartin M.; Asin I.; Bartosik N.; Behr J.; Behrens U.; Bell A.J.; Bethani A.; Borras K.; Burgmeier A.; Cakir A.; Calligaris L.; Campbell A.; Choudhury S.; Costanza F.; Diez Pardos C.; Dolinska G.; Dooling S.; Dorland T.; Eckerlin G.; Eckstein D.; Eichhorn T.; Flucke G.; Garay Garcia J.; Geiser A.; Gunnellini P.; Hauk J.; Hempel M.; Jung H.; Kalogeropoulos A.; Kasemann M.; Katsas P.; Kieseler J.; Kleinwort C.; Korol I.; Krücker D.; Lange W.; Leonard J.; Lipka K.; Lobanov A.; Lohmann W.; Lutz B.; Mankel R.; Marfin I.; Melzer-Pellmann I.-A.; Meyer A.B.; Mittag G.; Mnich J.; Mussgiller A.; Naumann-Emme S.; Nayak A.; Ntomari E.; Perrey H.; Pitzl D.; Placakyte R.; Raspereza A.; Ribeiro Cipriano P.M.; Roland B.; Ron E.; Sahin M.O.; Salfeld-Nebgen J.; Saxena P.; Schoerner-Sadenius T.; Schröder M.; Seitz C.; Spannagel S.; Vargas Trevino A.D.R.; Walsh R.; Wissing C.; Blobel V.; Centis Vignali M.; Draeger A.R.; Erfle J.; Garutti E.; Goebel K.; Görner M.; Haller J.; Hoffmann M.; Höing R.S.; Junkes A.; Kirschenmann H.; Klanner R.; Kogler R.; Lange J.; Lapsien T.; Lenz T.; Marchesini I.; Ott J.; Peiffer T.; Perieanu A.; Pietsch N.; Poehlsen J.; Poehlsen T.; Rathjens D.; Sander C.; Schettler H.; Schleper P.; Schlieckau E.; Schmidt A.; Seidel M.; Sola V.; Stadie H.; Steinbrü ck G.; Troendle D.; Usai E.; Vanelderen L.; Vanhoefer A.; Barth C.; Baus C.; Berger J.; Böser C.; Butz E.; Chwalek T.; De Boer W.; Descroix A.; Dierlamm A.; Feindt M.; Frensch F.; Giffels M.; Gilbert A.; Hartmann F.; Hauth T.; Husemann U.; Katkov I.; Kornmayer A.; Kuznetsova E.; Lobelle Pardo P.; Mozer M.U.; Müller T.; Müller Th.; Nürnberg A.; Quast G.; Rabbertz K.; Röcker S.; Simonis H.J.; Stober F.M.; Ulrich R.; Wagner-Kuhr J.; Wayand S.; Weiler T.; Wolf R.; Anagnostou G.; Daskalakis G.; Geralis T.; Giakoumopoulou V.A.; Kyriakis A.; Loukas D.; Markou A.; Markou C.; Psallidas A.; Topsis-Giotis I.; Agapitos A.; Kesisoglou S.; Panagiotou A.; Saoulidou N.; Stiliaris E.; Aslanoglou X.; Evangelou I.; Flouris G.; Foudas C.; Kokkas P.; Manthos N.; Papadopoulos I.; Paradas E.; Strologas J.; Bencze G.; Hajdu C.; Hidas P.; Horvath D.; Sikler F.; Veszpremi V.; Vesztergombi G.; Zsigmond A.J.; Beni N.; Czellar S.; Karancsi J.; Molnar J.; Palinkas J.; Szillasi Z.; Makovec A.; Raics P.; Trocsanyi Z.L.; Ujvari B.; Sahoo N.; Swain S.K.; Beri S.B.; Bhatnagar V.; Gupta R.; Bhawandeep U.; Kalsi A.K.; Kaur M.; Kumar R.; Mittal M.; Nishu N.; Singh J.B.; Kumar A.; Kumar A.; Ahuja S.; Bhardwaj A.; Choudhary B.C.; Kumar A.; Malhotra S.; Naimuddin M.; Ranjan K.; Sharma V.; Banerjee S.; Bhattacharya S.; Chatterjee K.; Dutta S.; Gomber B.; Jain Sa.; Jain Sh.; Khurana R.; Modak A.; Mukherjee S.; Roy D.; Sarkar S.; Sharan M.; Abdulsalam A.; Dutta D.; Kailas S.; Kumar V.; Mohanty A.K.; Pant L.M.; Shukla P.; Topkar A.; Aziz T.; Banerjee S.; Bhowmik S.; Chatterjee R.M.; Dewanjee R.K.; Dugad S.; Ganguly S.; Ghosh S.; Guchait M.; Gurtu A.; Kole G.; Kumar S.; Maity M.; Majumder G.; Mazumdar K.; Mohanty G.B.; Parida B.; Sudhakar K.; Wickramage N.; Bakhshiansohi H.; Behnamian H.; Etesami S.M.; Fahim A.; Goldouzian R.; Khakzad M.; Mohammadi Najafabadi M.; Naseri M.; Paktinat Mehdiabadi S.; Rezaei Hosseinabadi F.; Safarzadeh B.; Zeinali M.; Felcini M.; Grunewald M.; Abbrescia M.; Calabria C.; Chhibra S.S.; Colaleo A.; Creanza D.; De Filippis N.; De Palma M.; Fiore L.; Iaselli G.; Maggi G.; Maggi M.; My S.; Nuzzo S.; Pompili A.; Pugliese G.; Radogna R.; Selvaggi G.; Sharma A.; Silvestris L.; Venditti R.; Verwilligen P.; Abbiendi G.; Benvenuti A.C.; Bonacorsi D.; Braibant-Giacomelli S.; Brigliadori L.; Campanini R.; Capiluppi P.; Castro A.; Cavallo F.R.; Codispoti G.; Cuffiani M.; Dallavalle G.M.; Fabbri F.; Fanfani A.; Fasanella D.; Grandi C.; Guiducci L.; Marcellini S.; Masetti G.; Montanari A.; Navarria F.L.; Perrotta A.; Primavera F.; Rossi A.M.; Rovelli T.; Siroli G.P.; Tosi N.; Travaglini R.; Albergo S.; Cappello G.; Chiorboli M.; Costa S.; Giordano F.; Potenza R.; Tricomi A.; Tuve C.; Barbagli G.; Ciulli V.; Civinini C.; D'Alessandro R.; Focardi E.; Gallo E.; Gonzi S.; Gori V.; Lenzi P.; Meschini M.; Paoletti S.; Sguazzoni G.; Tropiano A.; Benussi L.; Bianco S.; Fabbri F.; Piccolo D.; Ferretti R.; Ferro F.; Lo Vetere M.; Robutti E.; Tosi S.; Dinardo M.E.; Fiorendi S.; Gennai S.; Gerosa R.; Ghezzi A.; Govoni P.; Lucchini M.T.; Malvezzi S.; Manzoni R.A.; Martelli A.; Marzocchi B.; Menasce D.; Moroni L.; Paganoni M.; Pedrini D.; Ragazzi S.; Redaelli N.; De Fatis Tabarelli T.; Buontempo S.; Cavallo N.; Di Guida S.; Fabozzi F.; Iorio A.O.M.; Lista L.; Meola S.; Merola M.; Paolucci P.; Azzi P.; Bacchetta N.; Bisello D.; Branca A.; Carlin R.; Checchia P.; Dall'Osso M.; Dorigo T.; Dosselli U.; Galanti M.; Gasparini F.; Gasparini U.; Giubilato P.; Gozzelino A.; Kanishchev K.; Lacaprara S.; Margoni M.; Meneguzzo A.T.; Pazzini J.; Pozzobon N.; Ronchese P.; Simonetto F.; Torassa E.; Tosi M.; Zotto P.; Zucchetta A.; Zumerle G.; Gabusi M.; Ratti S.P.; Re V.; Riccardi C.; Salvini P.; Vitulo P.; Biasini M.; Bilei G.M.; Ciangottini D.; Fanò L.; Lariccia P.; Mantovani G.; Menichelli M.; Saha A.; Santocchia A.; Spiezia A.; Androsov K.; Azzurri P.; Bagliesi G.; Boccali T.; Broccolo G.; Castaldi R.; Ciocci M.A.; Dell'Orso R.; Donato S.; Fiori F.; Foà L.; Giassi A.; Grippo M.T.; Ligabue F.; Lomtadze T.; Martini L.; Messineo A.; Moon C.S.; Palla F.; Rizzi A.; Savoy-Navarro A.; Serban A.T.; Spagnolo P.; Squillacioti P.; Tenchini R.; Tonelli G.; Venturi A.; Verdini P.G.; Vernieri C.; Barone L.; Cavallari F.; D'Imperio G.; Del Re D.; Diemoz M.; Jorda C.; Longo E.; Margaroli F.; Meridiani P.; Micheli F.; Nourbakhsh S.; Organtini G.; Paramatti R.; Rahatlou S.; Rovelli C.; Santanastasio F.; Soffi L.; Traczyk P.; Amapane N.; Arcidiacono R.; Argiro S.; Arneodo M.; Bellan R.; Biino C.; Cartiglia N.; Casasso S.; Costa M.; Degano A.; Demaria N.; Finco L.; Mariotti C.; Maselli S.; Migliore E.; Monaco V.; Musich M.; Obertino M.M.; Pacher L.; Pastrone N.; Pelliccioni M.; Pinna Angioni G.L.; Potenza A.; Romero A.; Ruspa M.; Sacchi R.; Solano A.; Staiano A.; Tamponi U.; Belforte S.; Candelise V.; Casarsa M.; Cossutti F.; Della Ricca G.; Gobbo B.; La Licata C.; Marone M.; Schizzi A.; Umer T.; Zanetti A.; Chang S.; Kropivnitskaya A.; Nam S.K.; Kim D.H.; Kim G.N.; Kim M.S.; Kong D.J.; Lee S.; Oh Y.D.; Park H.; Sakharov A.; Son D.C.; Kim T.J.; Kim J.Y.; Song S.; Choi S.; Gyun D.; Hong B.; Jo M.; Kim H.; Kim Y.; Lee B.; Lee K.S.; Park S.K.; Roh Y.; Yoo H.D.; Choi M.; Kim J.H.; Park I.C.; Ryu G.; Ryu M.S.; Choi Y.; Choi Y.K.; Goh J.; Kim D.; Kwon E.; Lee J.; Yu I.; Juodagalvis A.; Komaragiri J.R.; Md Ali M.A.B.; Casimiro Linares E.; Castilla-Valdez H.; De La Cruz-Burelo E.; De La Cruz Heredia I.; Hernandez-Almada A.; Lopez-Fernandez R.; Sanchez-Hernandez A.; Carrillo Moreno S.; Vazquez Valencia F.; Pedraza I.; Salazar Ibarguen H.A.; Morelos Pineda A.; Krofcheck D.; Butler P.H.; Reucroft S.; Ahmad A.; Ahmad M.; Hassan Q.; Hoorani H.R.; Khan W.A.; Khurshid T.; Shoaib M.; Bialkowska H.; Bluj M.; Boimska B.; Frueboes T.; Górski M.; Kazana M.; Nawrocki K.; Romanowska-Rybinska K.; Szleper M.; Zalewski P.; Brona G.; Bunkowski K.; Cwiok M.; Dominik W.; Doroba K.; Kalinowski A.; Konecki M.; Krolikowski J.; Misiura M.; Olszewski M.; Wolszczak W.; Bargassa P.; Da Cruz E Silva Beirao C.; Faccioli P.; Ferreira Parracho P.G.; Gallinaro M.; Lloret Iglesias L.; Nguyen F.; Rodrigues Antunes J.; Seixas J.; Varela J.; Vischia P.; Afanasiev S.; Bunin P.; Gavrilenko M.; Golutvin I.; Gorbunov I.; Kamenev A.; Karjavin V.; Konoplyanikov V.; Lanev A.; Malakhov A.; Matveev V.; Moisenz P.; Palichik V.; Perelygin V.; Shmatov S.; Skatchkov N.; Smirnov V.; Zarubin A.; Golovtsov V.; Ivanov Y.; Kim V.; Levchenko P.; Murzin V.; Oreshkin V.; Smirnov I.; Sulimov V.; Uvarov L.; Vavilov S.; Vorobyev A.; Vorobyev An.; Andreev Yu.; Dermenev A.; Gninenko S.; Golubev N.; Kirsanov M.; Krasnikov N.; Pashenkov A.; Tlisov D.; Toropin A.; Epshteyn V.; Gavrilov V.; Lychkovskaya N.; Popov V.; Pozdnyakov I.; Safronov G.; Semenov S.; Spiridonov A.; Stolin V.; Vlasov E.; Zhokin A.; Andreev V.; Azarkin M.; Dremin I.; Kirakosyan M.; Leonidov A.; Mesyats G.; Rusakov S.V.; Vinogradov A.; Belyaev A.; Boos E.; Dubinin M.; Dudko L.; Ershov A.; Gribushin A.; Klyukhin V.; Kodolova O.; Lokhtin I.; Obraztsov S.; Petrushanko S.; Savrin V.; Snigirev A.; Azhgirey I.; Bayshev I.; Bitioukov S.; Kachanov V.; Kalinin A.; Konstantinov D.; Krychkine V.; Petrov V.; Ryutin R.; Sobol A.; Tourtchanovitch L.; Troshin S.; Tyurin N.; Uzunian A.; Volkov A.; Adzic P.; Ekmedzic M.; Milosevic J.; Rekovic V.; Alcaraz Maestre J.; Battilana C.; Calvo E.; Cerrada M.; Chamizo Llatas M.; Colino N.; De La Cruz B.; Delgado Peris A.; Domínguez Vázquez D.; Escalante Del Valle A.; Fernandez Bedoya C.; Fernández Ramos J.P.; Flix J.; Fouz M.C.; Garcia-Abia P.; Gonzalez Lopez O.; Goy Lopez S.; Hernandez J.M.; Josa M.I.; Navarro De Martino E.; Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo A.; PuertaPelayo J.; QuintarioOlmeda A.; Redondo I.; Romero L.; Soares M.S.; Albajar C.; De Trocóniz J.F.; Missiroli M.; Moran D.; Brun H.; Cuevas J.; Fernandez Menendez J.; Folgueras S.; Gonzalez Caballero I.; Brochero Cifuentes J.A.; Cabrillo I.J.; Calderon A.; Duarte Campderros J.; Fernandez M.; Gomez G.; Graziano A.; Lopez Virto A.; Marco J.; Marco R.; Martinez Rivero C.; Matorras F.; Munoz Sanchez F.J.; Rodrigo T.; Rodríguez-Marrero A.Y.; Ruiz- Jimeno A.; Scodellaro L.; Vila I.; VilarCortabitarte R.; Abbaneo D.; Auffray E.; Auzinger G.; Bachtis M.; Baillon P.; Ball A.H.; Barney D.; Benaglia A.; Bendavid J.; Benhabib L.; Benitez J.F.; Bernet C.; Bloch P.; Bocci A.; Bonato A.; Bondu O.; Botta C.; Breuker H.; Camporesi T.; Cerminara G.; Colafranceschi S.; D'Alfonso M.; D'Enterria D.; Dabrowski A.; David A.; De Guio F.; De Roeck A.; De Visscher S.; Di Marco E.; Dobson M.; Dordevic M.; Dupont-Sagorin N.; Elliott-Peisert A.; Franzoni G.; Funk W.; Gigi D.; Gill K.; Giordano D.; Girone M.; Glege F.; Guida R.; Gundacker S.; Guthoff M.; Hammer J.; Hansen M.; Harris P.; Hegeman J.; Innocente V.; Janot P.; Kousouris K.; Krajczar K.; Lecoq P.; Lourenço C.; Magini N.; Malgeri L.
    The standard model of particle physics describes the fundamental particles and their interactions via the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces. It provides precise predictions for measurable quantities that can be tested experimentally. The probabilities, or branching fractions, of the strangeB meson (B0 s ) andtheB0meson decaying into two oppositely charged muons (μ+ and μ-) are especially interesting because of their sensitivity to theories that extend the standard model. The standard model predicts that the B0 s→μ+μ- and B0 s→μ+μ- decays are very rare, with about four of the former occurring for every billion B0 s mesons produced, and one of the latter occurring for every ten billion B0 mesons1. A difference in the observed branching fractions with respect to the predictions of the standard model would provide a direction in which the standard model should be extended. Before the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN2 started operating, no evidence for either decay mode had been found. Upper limits on the branching fractions were an order of magnitude above the standard model predictions. The CMS (CompactMuonSolenoid) andLHCb(LargeHadronCollider beauty) collaborations have performed a joint analysis of the data from proton'proton collisions that they collected in 2011 at a centre-ofmass energy of seven teraelectronvolts and in 2012 at eight teraelectronvolts. Here we report the first observation of the B0 s→μ+μ- decay, with a statistical significance exceeding six standard deviations, and the best measurement so far of its branching fraction. Furthermore, we obtained evidence for the B0 s→μ+μ- decay with a statistical significance of three standard deviations. Both measurements are statistically compatible with standard model predictions and allow stringent constraints to be placed on theories beyond the standardmodel. The LHCexperimentswill resume taking data in 2015, recording proton'proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 teraelectronvolts, which will approximately double the production rates of B0 s and B0 mesons and lead to further improvements in the precision of these crucial tests of the standard model. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
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    Assessing rheumatologists’ attitudes and utilization of classification criteria for ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis: a global effort
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Rich-Garg N.; Danve A.; Choi D.; Vakil-Gilani K.; Akkoc N.; Azevedo V.; Russell A.; Sharma A.; Cush J.; Curtis J.R.; Deodhar A.
    Objectives: This study aims to assess rheumatologists’ perceptions, utilization patterns, and attitudes towards the modified New York (mNY) criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Members of the national rheumatology societies in five countries (United States of America (USA), Canada, India, Turkey, and Brazil) were invited to participate in a survey containing questions regarding rheumatologists’ familiarity, and use of AS and axSpA classification criteria in daily practice, perceived specificity of spondyloarthritis features in making the diagnosis, patterns of imaging tests performed in daily practice, and their opinion about the need for modification of current classification criteria. The responses were analyzed by gender, age, years in practice, as well as by country of practice. Descriptive statistics, t test, and chi-square test were used for comparison of groups. Results: Approximately 6% rheumatologists (478 out of 8021 professional association members) from five countries completed the survey. The country-specific response rates were Brazil 4%, USA 4.3%, India 11%, Canada 14%, and Turkey 29%, though the overall contributions from individual countries were USA 47%, India 14.9%, Brazil 13.8%, Turkey 12.8%, and Canada 8.8%. The mean age of respondents was 50 years (± 11.8), 31% were females and 90% spent majority (> 75%) of their time in clinical practice. The mNY and ASAS criteria were regularly used in clinical practice by 44 and 66% of responders, respectively. Those reporting “always” using ASAS criteria were more likely to be women (p = 0.006), and within 5 years of completing rheumatology training. Vast majority (74%) regarded Inflammatory Back Pain (IBP) as a specific feature for axSpA. Majority (50 and 60%, respectively) regarded uveitis and dactylitis as “very specific” features helping them make the diagnosis of axSpA, whereas heel enthesitis, peripheral inflammatory arthritis, and response to NSAIDs were considered “somewhat specific” by 50% of the responders. Less than half (47%) of the responders used the mNY grading for X-ray of SI joints. In the case of normal X-ray of SI joint, the use of MRI was more frequent than CT scan (83.6 vs. 10.9%) in assessing for sacroiliitis. If sacroiliitis was not seen on X-rays, the likelihood of ordering MRI was significantly higher among rheumatologists completing training within < 15 years versus > 25 years prior (90 vs. 75%, p = 0.007). Overall, 70% thought that ASAS criteria were adequately specific for clinical trials. However, 42% respondents still felt a need to modify ASAS classification criteria for axSpA. Also, 46% respondents felt that mNY criteria should be modified. Conclusions: In the absence of diagnostic criteria, majority of rheumatologists are using the classification criteria for diagnosis of axSpA. Though axSpA classification criteria are perceived to be specific for clinical trials, 40% rheumatologists feel the need to modify these criteria.Key Points• This study informs how rheumatologists in five countries spread over four different continents diagnose axSpA in clinical practice.• Since majority rheumatologists among survey respondents across the countries use ASAS criteria for diagnosis of axSpA, more specific criteria may be required to avoid overdiagnosis.• MRI is commonly used to rule out sacroiliitis in case of normal X-ray of sacroiliac joints. © 2020, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR).
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    Formula refining through composite blend of soya, alfalfa, and wheat flour; A vegan meat approach
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Sharma A.; Rawat K.; Jattan P.; Kumar P.; Tokusoglu O.; Kumar P.; Vural H.; Singh A.
    Present project involves the formula development by way of standardization for vegan meat through Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of Design Expert 12 (DX-12). Soya chunks, alfalfa sprouts, and wheat flour were used as base ingredients. Preliminary experimental screening to fix the levels of these base ingredients were the basis to work ahead for formula refining through numerical optimization by way of RSM. The optimization tactics were revealed against a given set of responses viz; physico-chemical (polyphenol, % crude protein) and sensory properties (mouthfeel and texture, color and appearance and overall acceptability) as dependent variable. Obtained product with (75.35%) soya, (1.25%) alfalfa, and (22.73%) wheat flour were evaluated for their crude protein, fiber, polyphenol, antioxidant level, water holding capacity, hardness, chewiness, and springiness as 26.13, 7.88, 0.52, 7.03, 3.962%, 1500 g, 2812 g, and 0.60 g, respectively. Practical applications: Vegan meat analogue obtained herewith is also competitive in its sensory preferences in alongwith embedded high protein, elevated fiber and antioxidant potential features too. Fortified alfalfa seeds boost it with meaty flavor thus proven to be competitive among commercial demand. Least fat utilization put it in another healthier trait owe to be a better option for obese and calorie conscious patients. Thus in nutshell, stated combination was ideal in terms of textural and sensory attributes as meat mimic. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.