Browsing by Author "Tahillioglu, A"

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    Who predict ADHD with better diagnostic accuracy?: Parents or teachers?
    Tahillioglu, A; Bilaç, Ö; Uysal, T; Ercan, ES
    Objective The objectives of the study were to determine which parents or teachers predict attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) better in children and adolescents, and to detect both diagnostical and symptomatological agreement levels across informant reports. Method A total of 417 cases aged 6-14 from a non-referred community sample were assessed by a semi-structured interview, parent- and teacher-rated ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Also, impairment criteria were taken into account to ensure the gold standard diagnosis for ADHD. The measures of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated in each categorical sample. Besides, the agreement between parent and teacher reports of ADHD was investigated. Results Parents and teachers had similar diagnostic accuracy for predicting ADHD. Both parents and teachers predicted ADHD in similar accuracy in both boys and girls, separately. However, girls were found to be more predictable by both parents and teachers compared to boys. Parents with lower education levels had worse diagnostic accuracy than both parents with higher education levels and teachers. Low to moderate agreement and correlations between parent and teacher ADHD reports were detected. Conclusion In general, parents and teachers seem to predict ADHD in similar accuracy. Nevertheless, child gender and parental education level may alter the predictability power for ADHD. The findings can guide for clinicians that how to evaluate observation reports of parents and teachers to make accurate ADHD diagnosis in patients.
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    ADHD and its associations with pregnancy, birth, developmental and medical-related characteristics
    Yüksel, AE; Dogan, N; Tahillioglu, A; Bilaç, O; Uysal, T; Ercan, ES
    This study aimed to examine possible associations between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and pregnancy-related, birth-related, developmental, medical, and surgical history characteristics. The sample was derived from a non-referred community sample aged 6 to 14. 91 cases with ADHD and 264 without any psychopathology were compared in terms of psychological and physical problems in pregnancy, mode of delivery, birth complications, developmental stages, injuries, medical and surgical diseases. A semi-structured clinical interview was applied to diagnose the children. ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) was completed by the parents. Male gender, delay in talking time, and physical injury history predicted increased risks for ADHD. Although having any surgery, and in particular, tonsillectomy did not predict ADHD, inguinal hernia surgery alone predicted an increased risk for ADHD even when controlled for gender. Psychological problems during pregnancy were associated with elevated inattention (IN) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) scores, but not associated with ADHD as a diagnosis. Elevated IN scores but not HI scores were associated with a physical injury history. Although the mode of delivery and physical disease history were not associated with ADHD, asthma increased the likelihood for higher HI scores. The findings have crucial clinical implications that address several points. The findings suggest ADHD may have associations with some negative neurodevelopmental, medical, and surgical history characteristics. The predictivity of inguinal hernia surgery for ADHD might depend on the exposure to general anesthesia at younger ages. Hence, children who had these features should carefully be screened for ADHD.
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    The association between cognitive disengagement syndrome and specific learning disorder in children and adolescents with ADHD
    Tahillioglu, A; Bilac, Ö; Erbas, S; Sevin, IB; Aydinlioglu, HM; Ercan, ES
    This study aimed to examine the associations between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We included sixty ADHD-only cases and eighty-two ADHD + SLD cases with an IQ score of 80 and above, aged 8-15. We applied both a structured psychiatric interview and a mental status examination. Parents completed the ADHD-Rating Scale IV, Barkley Child Attention Scale, and Specific Learning Disorder-Evaluation Scale. The sample consisted of 94 boys and 48 girls. The mean age of the cases was 10,90 +/- 2,32. The ADHD + SLD group had a higher proportion of cases with CDS than the ADHD-only group (47,6% vs 15%). The ADHD + SLD group had significantly higher CDS-total, CDS-sluggish, and CDS-daydreaming scores than the ADHD-only group. SLD score was positively associated with CDS-total, CDS-sluggish, and CDS-daydreaming scores. Even when controlled for inattentive symptoms, IQ, drug treatment duration, socioeconomic level, and parental education level, CDS-daydreaming scores but not CDS-sluggish scores were associated with higher SLD scores. The findings indicate a prominent association between CDS and SLD. CDS symptoms -mainly- CDS-daydreaming symptoms are essentially associated with SLD even when controlled for inattentive symptoms, IQ, drug treatment duration, and relevant demographic factors. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to a possible coexistence of CDS while evaluating cases with SLD.
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    Is There a Significant Deterioration in Blood Lipid Levels of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Conduct Disorder?
    Bilaç, Ö; Akyol, CK; Tahillioglu, A; Sapmaz, SY; Kandemir, H; Ercan, ES
    Conduct disorder (CD) is diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and presents itself through a persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated. It affects not only the individual and family but also the society negatively. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be defined as a precursor of CD. Some studies indicate that there is a relationship between serum cholesterol and ADHD. The associations between serum lipid levels and antisocial personality disorder (APD), which often develops after CD, have also been demonstrated. To our knowledge this study is the first to examine the relationship between cholesterol levels and conduct disorder as a diagnosis. For this study the files of the patients who were examined between December 2017 and December 2019 were scrutinized to determine patients with CD. Results revealed that there were 45 patients with CD without a comorbid disease, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Fasting serum total cholesterol (T-Chol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels in blood tests of these 45 patients and age- and gender-matched 45 healthy children and adolescents, were compared. As a result of these, serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were found to be lower in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of CD (p = <.001). The results of our study indicates that serum lipid levels may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of CD. More studies examining biochemical markers are necessary to develop more appropriate treatments for CD. As far as we are concerned, our study will shed light on new researches regarding the etiology of CD, which is an important childhood and adolescence psychiatric disorder.
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    The Eating Attitudes, Sleep and Personality Characteristics, and Effects of on Acne Severity in Adolescents with Acne Vulgaris
    Bilaç, Ö; Bilaç, C; Tahillioglu, A; Uzun, AD; Dilcan, M; Önder, A; Kavurma, C; Uzunoglu, G
    Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a very common dermatological problem during adolescence. It is reported that it has a multifactorial etiology and nutritional attitudes, insufficient and poor-quality sleep may cause increased severity of AV. Aim: We aimed to investigate the sleep, eating attitudes and personality traits, and their effects on acne severity in adolescents with acne. Methods: The study sample was formed of 37 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years who presented at the University Dermatology Clinic and were diagnosed with AV and 37 adolescents without AV-matched age and gender. Eating attitude test, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) Personality Inventory Child Form, and child and parent forms of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders were applied to in both groups. The AV severity assessed by using the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS). Psychiatric diagnosis was excluded with clinical interview according to the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-aged children: Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Results: The mean age of adolescents with and without AV was 15.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.7), 15.4 (SD = 1.8), respectively. The mean disease duration of adolescents with AV was 20.4 (SD = 15.2) months, and the mean GAGS score was 23.24 (SD = 9.4). It was determined that eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics of adolescents were similar in both groups. Eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics had no direct effect on acne severity. Conclusion: Although this study demonstrates that eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics were similar in adolescents with and without AV and these variables had no effect on acne severity, these results may have been obtained because of the severity scores of adolescents with AV were moderate. There is a need for researches examining these variables in adolescents with severe AV.
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    Is There Any Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders?
    Bilaç, Ö; Tahillioglu, A; Çakir, B; Kavurma, C; Önder, A; Ercan, ES
    Objective: We aimed to investigate the risk of antipsychotic drug treatment in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents and to determine which psychiatric disorder is more associated with MetS in the pediatric population. Methods: The sample consisted of 118 children and adolescents (88 used psychotropic medication). The hemogram, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, weight, and blood pressure levels of all the participants and information regarding medication doses of the patient group at the sixth month of the treatment process were obtained. Results: Bipolar disorder (BPD) was the only psychiatric disorder associated with MetS. Quetiapine and valproic acid were found to have increasing effects on MetS. Weight gain and the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased the likelihood of MetS. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that quetiapine increased the risk of MetS through weight gain, and valproic acid increased MetS risk through systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Especially BPD and psychotropic use in children and adolescents disrupt metabolic regulation and pose a risk for MetS. Determining the risk factors causing MetS, especially in children and adolescents, plays a significant role in preventing mortality and morbidity at advanced ages.