Browsing by Author "Tatlisumak, E"
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Item A Study on the Anticarcinogenic Effects of Calcium FructoborateTepedelen, BE; Korkmaz, M; Tatlisumak, E; Uluer, ET; Ölmez, E; Degerli, I; Soya, E; Inan, SEvidences about the preventive and therapeutic effects of boron compounds on cancer have been increasing in the last years. Although calcium fructoborate (CaFB) is used as a nutritional supplement, data about its preventive and therapeutic effects on neoplastic transformations are limited. In the present study, the various concentrations of CaFB were applied to the MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cell line. First, we examined the cytotoxic effect and IC50 value of CaFB by MTT assay. For the evaluation of the DNA damage, apoptosis and metastatic potential, expression levels of ATM, pATM, PARP, p53, p-p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, and VEGF were investigated by using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods. Cell viability was significantly reduced at 50 mu M CaFB treatment. pATM, p-p53, and caspase-9 levels increased significantly in all groups; furthermore, there was approximately 12.5-, 2.4-, and 10.7-fold increase, respectively, for 100 mu M CaFB treatment. ATM and p53 levels did not change with CaFB treatment, but PARP levels significantly 2.5-fold decreased. While VEGF immunoreactivity decreased in all groups, significant increase in caspase-3 immunoreactivity was observed only in the group treated with 50 mu M CaFB ( p < 0,001). Our results imply that CaFB may have therapeutic potential as well as preventive benefits in cancer.Item The effect of altitude and climate on the suicide rates in TurkeyAsirdizer, M; Kartal, E; Etli, Y; Tatlisumak, E; Gumus, O; Hekimoglu, Y; Keskin, SSuicide is one of the most important public health problems. There was an association between suicide and several factors such as psychiatric diseases and psychological characteristics, somatic illness, cultural, socioeconomic, familial, occupational and individual risk factors. Also, high altitude and climatic factors including high temperature, cloudiness, more sunshine and low rainfalls were defined as some of these risk factors in the literature. In this study, we aimed to investigate correlation between suicide rates and altitudes of all cities in Turkey and between suicide rates and climatic factors including Rainfall Activity Index, Winter Mean Temperatures, Summer Mean Temperatures and Temperature Difference between January and July previously defined by several authors in the broad series in Turkey. In Turkey, 29865 suicidal deaths occurred in 10 years period between 2006 and 2015. Of them, 21020 (70.4%) were males and 8845 (29.6%) were females. In this study, we found that high altitude above 1500 m, winter median temperature lower than - 10 degrees C and hard temperature changes above 25 degrees C between winter and summer of settlements were important factors that affected on female suicide rates appropriate to knowledge which defined in previous studies. In conclusion, we suggested that the associations among suicide rates with altitudes and climate should be studied in wider series obtained from different countries for reaching more reliable results.Item Defining the Macroscopic and Microscopic Findings of Experimental Focal Brain Ischemia in Rats From a Forensic Scientist's Point of ViewTatlisumak, E; Inan, S; Asirdizer, M; Apaydin, N; Hayretdag, C; Kose, C; Tekdemir, IApproximately 10% of all deaths in the world occur as a result Of stroke. Determination of the time schedule of the pathologic events in a stroke patient is invaluable for a forensic specialist. The aim of this study was to define the schedule of the macroscopic and microscopic changes that occurred in a rat model of permanent focal ischemia for providing useful clues for the evaluation of stroke patients. Male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 350 g were used in this study. Permanent focal brain ischemia was applied by the suture occlusion method. The animals were divided into 7 experimental groups (n = 6) with time schedules including 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 72 hours, and the sham. Brains were harvested at the end of the determined time schedule. Lesions in the frontoparietal cortex were evaluated macroscopically first and later hematoxylin eosin stained sections from the infarct core were investigated microscopically. Macroscopically, enlargement of the ipsilateral hemisphere was mild at 6 hour, apparent at 12 and 24 hours, and mild again at 72 hours. Microscopically, ischemic changes were apparent even at 1.5 hour. Red neurons and infiltration of the parenchyma with neutrophil leukocytes were observed at 12 hours. Pannecrosis and massive leukocyte infiltration were observed at 72 hours. Macroscopic and microscopic findings obtained from a rat model may provide clues for determination of the time-dependent changes due to brain ischemia in human subjects. Finally, the benefits of determination of time course of pathologic changes in the brain for forensic scientists were discussed.Item The blood-brain barrier is continuously open for several weeks following transient focal cerebral ischemiaStrbian, D; Durukan, A; Pitkonen, M; Marinkovic, I; Tatlisumak, E; Pedrono, E; Abo-Ramadan, U; Tatlisumak, TThe blood-brain barrier (BIBB) is the principal regulator of blood-borne substance entry into the brain parenchyma. Therefore, BBB leakage, which leads to cerebral edema and influx of toxic substances, is common in pathological conditions such as cerebral ischemia, inflammation, trauma, and tumors. The leakage of BIBB after ischemia-reperfusion injury has long been considered to be biphasic, although a considerable amount of discrepancies as for the timing of the second opening does exist among the studies. This led us to evaluate systematically and quantitatively the dynamics of BIBB leakage in a rat model of 90-min ischemia-reperfusion, using gadolinium-enhanced (small molecule) magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescent dye Evans Blue (large molecule). BIBB leakage was assessed at the following time points after reperfusion: 25 min, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. We observed BIBB leakage for both gadolinium and Evans Blue as early as 25 min after reperfusion. Thereafter, BBB remained open for up to 3 weeks for Evans Blue and up to 5 weeks for gadolinium. Our results show that BIBB leakage after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat is continuous and long-lasting, without any closure up to several weeks. This is the first systematic and extensive study fully demonstrating BIBB leakage dynamics following transient brain ischemia and the findings are of major clinical and experimental interest. (C) 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Post-ischemic leakiness of the blood-brain barrier: A quantitative and systematic assessment by Patlak plotsAbo-Ramadan, U; Durukan, A; Pitkonen, M; Marinkovic, I; Tatlisumak, E; Pedrono, E; Soinne, L; Strbian, D; Tatlisumak, TThe Patlak plot analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) allows estimation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage following temporary focal cerebral ischemia. Thus far, a systematic and quantitative in vivo evaluation of post-ischemic BBB leakage is lacking. Here, using DCE-MRI and the Patlak plot method, we quantitatively assessed BBB leakage in rats at the following time-points after reperfusion: 25 min, 2, 4, 6,12,18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Data collected for each time-point were: the blood-to-brain transfer rate constant (K-i) of the contrast agent gadolinium, distribution volume (V-p), ischemic lesion volume, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Compared to controls, K-i, measured at all time-points, except for 5 weeks, appeared significantly different (p < 0.001). At several time-points (25 min, 48 and 72 h, 4 and 5 weeks), V-p was similar compared to that of controls, but for the remaining groups the difference was significant (p < 0.001). Analyzing the relationship of K-i values to time-points, we observed a trend towards a decrease over time (r = -0.61, p = 0.014). Both ADC values (r = -0.58. p = 0.02) and ischemic lesion volumes (r = 0.75, p = 0.0015) correlated with K-i values. These results suggest that after ischemia-reperfusion in rats, BBB leakage is continuous during a 4-week period. Its magnitude diminishes over time and correlates with severity and extent of ischemic injury. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item The Possible Effects of Altitude and Climate on the Development of the Frontal Sinus in AdultsAsirdizer, M; Tatlisumak, E; Bora, A; Tarhan, S; Ovali, GY; Hekimoglu, Y; Kartal, E; Keskin, SClimatic and altitude features of living region may affect human body. Many changes in several tissues and organs and several health problems due to climatic and altitude effects were defined in the literature. However, there were limited number of studies which evaluated correlation between development of frontal sinus and climatic/altitude effect. In this study, widths, heights, AP lengths and volumes of frontal sinus were compared by Paranasal CT scans in populations living in Van which has colder climate and higher altitude and Manisa which has milder climate and lower altitude. It was found that widths, antero-posterior lengths and volumes of frontal sinus were higher in populations living in colder climate and higher altitude according to populations living in milder climate and lower altitude. Heights of frontal sinuses were on the contrary of this. These results were found appropriate to increasing of cephalic index in cold climate according to Allen's Rule. We suggest that larger population study should be made with peoples having the same or similar race and genetic structure in different climate and altitude regions and the proportional comparison of frontal sinus measurements with cephalic index should be considered in future studies.Item Age- and Sex-Related Morphometric Changes and Asymmetry in the Orbito-Zygomatic RegionErdogan, K; Tatlisumak, E; Ovali, GY; Pabusçu, Y; Tarhan, SThe aims of this study were to obtain cephalometric data of orbito-zygomatic skeleton using CT axial images and to determine the presence of sexual dimorphism, normal range of facial asymmetry, and the age-related changes. This study used data from 315 CT scan series of skeletally normal subjects (159 males and 156 females) between the ages of 18 to 90. Two different levels of axial sections were used. In total, 11 measurements were performed and 5 of them were bilateral. The mean values and standard deviations were calculated. Gender and age related changes and asymmetry degree were investigated. Mean values of measurements except left medial orbital wall length, right and left medial orbital wall protrusion, right and left lateral orbital wall angle were significantly larger in males for all age groups. Majority of the measurements was formed by the individuals with larger right side. Similar tendencies were observed for craniofacial asymmetry in both sexes and in different age groups. There were no significant craniofacial asymmetries between age and gender groups in terms of the cephalometric measurements. Mid-interorbital distance had a negative correlation (r = -0.11 and P = 0.043) and interzygomatic buttress distance had a positive correlation (r = 0.15 and P = 0.005) with age. Morphological properties such as sexual dimorphism, symmetry, age related changes are important parameters especially for plastic surgery discipline. The authors hope the data can be helpful in diagnosis and surgical treatment of craniofacial diseases, estimating the prognosis and preparation of the facial prosthesis.Item Asymmetry, Handedness and Auricle MorphometryTatlisumak, E; Yavuz, MS; Kutlu, N; Asirdizer, M; Yoleri, L; Aslan, AThe aims of this study were to determine various morphometric measurements of auricle, to investigate asymmetry and its relation with handedness in both sexes. Main morphometric measurements of both auricles and hand preferences were determined on 200 male and 200 female healthy university students. All measurements of the auricles were larger in males than the corresponding ones in females and all the differences except earlobe widths were statistically significant. All measurements of left and right auricles were statistically significantly different in both sexes except earlobe length in males, and distance from the highest point of the auricle to the bottom of the intertragic notch and earlobe length in females. Auricle length and distance from the highest point of the auricle to the bottom of the intertragic notch had higher values at the left side and all other measurements were larger at the right side. There was no significant difference between the measurements of the corresponding auricles of the righthanded and lefthanded subjects. All measurements were larger at the right side except auricle length and distance from the highest point of the auricle to the bottom of the intertragic notch in righthanded and lefthanded subjects and all differences except earlobe length were significantly different in righthanded subjects as in the total population but in lefthanded subjects the difference of the auricle width was not significant, either. There was an apparent asymmetry of right and left auricles of normal people in the current study which should be taken in to consideration in plastic surgeries of the external ear, designing the ear devices and forensic applications of earprints.Item CT study on morphometry of frontal sinusTatlisumak, E; Ovali, GY; Asirdizer, M; Aslan, A; Ozyurt, B; Bayindir, P; Tarhan, SThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of the frontal sinus in an adult population. This study was conducted retrospectively on paranasal CT scans in the axial and coronal planes of 300 cases (123 male and 177 female). The mean age was 40.74 +/- 13.34 (range 20-83). Measurements of the width, height and anteroposterior length for each sinus and total width were obtained from CT scans. Measurements were compared statistically with relation to side and sex. The cases were divided into subgroups according to age for each sex and each measurement parameter was also compared among the subgroups. All measurements tended to be larger on the left side and were significantly larger in males than females. There was a significant difference in the anteroposterior lengths of right and left sides in both males and females and height for males and width for females. In both sexes, the highest values of measurements were usually observed at the 31-40 age group and there was a tendency to decrease with aging. The larger diameters of the left frontal sinus imply that it may be more possibly violated during surgical interventions. Morphometric features differed significantly in the two sexes at different ages and comparison with previous studies presented great regional variability. The size of the frontal sinus was seen to be related to age and sex. The knowledge provided in the present study is useful for some surgical procedures and widens the anthropometric knowledge of humanity.Item True Retaining Ligaments of Face as Surgical LandmarksTatlisumak, E; Yoleri, LThe adherence of the overlying tissues to the underlying structures in the face is maintained by the retaining ligaments. True retaining ligaments named orbital, zygomatic and mandibular ligaments are a series of fibrous bands that run from periosteum to the dermis. The tethering effect of true retaining ligaments must be released for achieving a satisfactory movement of facial skin and Superficial Muscular Aponeurotic System (SMAS) during facial rejuvenation procedures. The aim of this study was to define the location of the true retaining ligaments of the face and to discuss their usability as surgical landmarks. The study was made on ten hemi-faces of formaline-fixed cadavers. Dissections resembling face-lift procedures were applied and ligaments were determined. The distances of the ligaments to lateral canthus, tragus and commissure and to the lines from tragus to lateral canthus and commissure were measured. Correlations were investigated statistically. The distances of the zygomatic and mandibular ligaments from the tragus were 66.50 +/- 10.78 mm and 114.80 +/- 9.76 mm respectively. The distances of the zygomatic ligament from the commissure and the commissure tragus line were 56.30 +/- 8.94 mm and 28.40 +/- 5.19 mm respectively. The distances of zygomatic and mandibular ligaments from the tragus were strongly correlated with a ratio of 3/5 and there was a strong correlation between the distances of the zygomatic ligament from the commissure and commissure-tragus line with a ratio of 2. The results of this study elucidated the possibility of the use of the true retaining ligaments as surgical landmarks for facial surgery.Item Identification of unknown bodies by using CT images of frontal sinusTatlisumak, E; Ovali, GY; Aslan, A; Asirdizer, M; Zeyfeoglu, Y; Tarhan, SdThe aim of the study was to define a simple system for the identification of unknown bodies by using CT images of frontal sinus and to discuss whether it was worth to add measurements to the system or not. The system was including simple features as F (presence or absence of frontal sinus), S (intersinus and intrasinus septum) and S (scalloping), and named as FSS system. Measurements selected for the study were width, height, anteroposterior length, total width of two sinuses, the distance between the highest points of the two sinuses and the distance of each sinus to its maximum lateral limit. The study was conducted retrospectively on the paranasal CT scans of 100 cases (38 male and 62 female) who had no apparent sinonasal pathology. All the features and measurements were coded according to the system defined by the authors for each case and coded formulas were compared. At least 93% of the formulas could be eliminated for a case by using FSS system. The rate of success was increased to 98% by adding measurements. Contrary to objective criteria of FSS system, measurements were prone to bias. Therefore, in practice success rate would be expected to be lower than calculated. In the study population, instead of making 100 measurements, eliminating the most of the cases with FSS system and later discriminating the rest by pattern matching was seen logical, (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Surgical anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct on the lateral nasal wall as revealed by serial dissectionsTatlisumak, E; Aslan, A; Cömert, A; Ozlugedik, S; Acar, HI; Tekdemir, IThe anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) in relation with the lateral nasal wall was studied in 15 half-heads of human adult cadavers by serial photographs of the dissection of the lateral nasal wall. The aim of the study was to determine the intranasal anatomical relationships of the NLD with the lateral nasal wall for surgical reference during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Following removal of the nasal mucosa anterior to the uncinate process, the exposed bone was removed by drilling. The entire NLD was exposed intranasally. The relationships of the NLD with the maxillary sinus ostium and anterior nasal spine were determined, and the length of the NLD was measured. The morphology of the NLD opening was observed, and its distance from several landmarks were measured. There were three types of intranasal orifice: pin-point, triangular and slit-like. The NLD is located, on average, 24.6 +/- A 3.56 mm posterior to the anterior nasal spine. The nearest distances between the opening of the NLD and the nasal floor and between the opening of the NLD and the most anterior attachment of the inferior nasal concha were 13.7 +/- A 3.15 and 14.3 +/- A 2.05 mm, respectively. The length of the NLD was 21.9 +/- A 2.03 mm on average. The nearest distances between the NLD and the maxillary sinus ostium was 3.9 +/- A 0.88 mm. Cadaver dissections and the photographs of the fine dissections provide a more accurate description of the lateral nasal wall anatomy. These data provide valuable anatomical information to the surgeon performing endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.Item The location of the obturator nerve: a three-dimensional description of the obturator canalKendir, S; Akkaya, T; Comert, A; Sayin, M; Tatlisumak, E; Elhan, A; Tekdemir, ISatisfactory analgesia cannot be achieved in every obturator nerve block. To attempt to improve the success rate of obturator nerve block, this study describes the detailed anatomy of the obturator region and canal. Eleven (5 female and 6 male) cadavers, totally 22 sides were dissected. Anatomical positions of the structures entering and leaving the canal were defined. The position of the obturator nerve and its branches and their relation with the obturator artery, vein, and with the internal iliac and femoral veins were investigated. A mould of the canal and a model were created. Detailed measurements were performed on the cadavers and models. The obturator canal was in the shape of a funnel compressed from superior to inferior, with anterior and posterior openings. At the entrance of the canal, the nerve lay superiorly; the artery was in the middle, and the vein lay inferiorly. The obturator nerve ran close to the lateral wall of the obturator canal. The distance of lateral wall of obturator canal to the median plane was 41.4 +/- 1.1 mm After leaving the canal, the nerve lay laterally while the anterior branch of the artery was medial. A venous plexus lay between the two structures. The presence of the branches of the obturator artery and vein alongside the obturator nerve may increase the risk of injury to these structures during anaesthetic procedures. The anterior division of the obturator nerve has a close relationship with these vessels. To provide complete analgesia, the obturator nerve should be blocked in the obturator canal or at its external orifice.Item TIA model is attainable in Wistar rats by intraluminal occlusion of the MCA for 10 min or shorterTolvanen, AD; Tatlisumak, E; Pedrono, E; Abo-Ramadan, U; Tatlisumak, TTransient ischemic attack (TIA) has received only little attention in the experimental research field. Recently, we introduced a TIA model for mice, and here we set similar principles for simulating this human condition in Wistar rats. In the model: 1) transient nature of the event is ensured, and 2) 24 h after the event animals are free from any sensorimotor deficit and from any detectable lesion by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Animals experienced varying durations of ischemia (5, 10, 12.5, 15, 25, and 30 min, n = 6-8 per group) by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Ischemia severity and reperfusion rates were controlled by cerebral blood flow measurements. Sensorimotor neurological evaluations and MRI at 24 h differentiated between TIA and ischemic stroke. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and apoptotic cell counts revealed pathological correlates of the event. We found that already 12.5 min of ischemia was long enough to induce ischemic stroke in Wistar rats. Ten min or shorter durations induced neither gross neurological deficits nor infarcts visible on MRI, but histologically caused selective neuronal necrosis. A separate group of animals with 10 min of ischemia followed up to 1 week after reperfusion remained free of infarction and any MRI signal change. Thus, 10 min or shorter focal cerebral ischemia induced by intraluminal MCAO in Wistar rats provides a clinically relevant TIA the rat. This model is useful for studying molecular correlates of TIA. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item The effects of gender and age on forensic personal identification from frontal sinus in a Turkish populationTatlisumak, E; Asirdizer, M; Bora, A; Hekimoglu, Y; Etli, Y; Gumus, O; Keskin, SObjectives: To define the dimensions of the frontal sinus in groups standardized for age and gender and to discuss the reasons and the effects of the variations. Methods: Frontal sinus measurements were obtained from paranasal CT scans of 180 males and 180 females in the Radiology Department of Dursun Odabas Medical Center of Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, which is located in Eastern Turkey, between February and March 2016. The width and height of sinuses were measured on a coronal plane, and the anteroposterior length was measured on an axial plane. Volumes were calculated using the Hospital Information Management Systems and Image Archiving and Management System program. The Statistical Package of the Social Science version 13 was used for statistical analyses. Results: We determined differences in the frontal sinus measurements of different age groups in a Turkish adult population. Frontal sinus dimensions were usually higher in females and lower in males after 40-49 years of age than their younger counterparts, but the measurements were lower in females and higher in males in 70 <= years of age group than 60-69 years of age. Left frontal sinus was dominant in young age groups but right frontal sinus was dominant in groups 40-49 years of age or older. Conclusion: We observed crossing of the measurements between the different age groups, which we could not find clear explanations. The results of such studies may affect forensic identification from frontal sinus measurements.