Browsing by Author "Tepe, HD"

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    Effects of Galium aparine extract on the cell viability, cell cycle and cell death in breast cancer cell lines
    Atmaca, H; Bozkurt, E; Cittan, M; Tepe, HD
    Ethnopharmacological relevance: Galium species have been traditionally used for its anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cardioprotective effects in the folk medicine. Galium aparine (GA) is a typical climbing plant growing widespread in Anatolia. Aim of the study: To investigate the potential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of GA methanol (MeOH) extract on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and MCF-10A untransformed breast epithelial cells. Materials and methods: First, the extract was characterized by both liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Then, cell viability and cell cycle distribution were investigated by XTT assay and PI staining by flow cytometry, respectively. Cell death was determined by Annexin V FITC/7-AAD staining. Results: A total of 14 major phytochemicals were identified by LC/Q-TOF/MS and 34 volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS. The extract was cytotoxic in both breast cancer cell lines in a concentration and time dependent manner and showed G1 block after 72 h extract treatment. However, it was not cytotoxic to MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that apoptosis was induced in MDA-MB-231 cells; however, necrosis was induced in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that GA MeOH extract may have potential anti-cancer effects against breast cancer cells without impairing normal breast epithelial cells. Ability to induction of non-apoptotic cell death besides apoptotic cell death by this complex plant-derived mixture may enable the killing of apoptosis resistant breast cancer cells but further studies should be conducted to investigate the bioavailability and metabolism of it in vivo. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Identification of Marker Molecules in Aqueous Plant Extracts Affecting the Gold Nanostructures' Morphology and Size
    Elgaleidh, MAM; Tepe, HD; Doyuk, F; Çeter, T; Yazgan, I
    This work was performed as a comparative study using nine different aqueous pollen grain extracts from eight different genera (Juniperus, Biota, Cupressus, Abies, Pinus, Cedrus, Populus and Corylus) to synthesize gold nanostructures (AuNSs) to understand if there is any possible marker that helps to predict the final morphology and size of the AuNSs. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that Apigenin and Pinoresinol compounds are the marker molecules in determination of the AuNSs physical characteristics while total protein, reducing carbohydrate, flavonoid and phenol contents did not show any statistically meaningful outcome. The dominancy hypothesis was tested by paying attention to the most concentrated phenolic acids and flavonoids in the control of AuNSs morphology and size, for which correlation analysis were performed. The statistical findings were tested using two new more pollen extracts to validate the models. Three main findings of the study were (i) determination of Apigenin and Pinoresinol levels in pollen extract can give an insight into the AuNSs physical characters, (ii) the most concentrated phenolic acids and flavonoids don't need to be same to pose same dictative effect on AuNSs morphology and size, rather relatively abundant ones in the extract play the key role and (iii) differences in the polymeric structures (e. g. lignin, cellulosic compounds etc.) have minor effect on the final morphology and size of the AuNSs. image
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    Application of Exogenous Sodium Nitroprussid Alleviates Boron Toxicity in Wheat Seedlings: Investigation of Thiol Compounds, Macro/Micronutrient, and Polyamine Contents
    Tepe, HD; Aydemir, T
    High boron (B) levels in the soil reduce plant growth and yield production in crop plants. Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signaling molecule involved in stress response in plants. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of sodium nitroprussid (SNP), a NO donor, in alleviating the B-induced toxicity in two wheat cultivars. Both cultivars were treated with 10 mM B, 10 mM B + 0.1 mM SNP, 10 mM B + 0.2 mM SNP, and 10 mM B + 0.5 mM SNP. The nutrient contents were investigated via inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Contents of polyamines and thiol compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The B toxicity caused a significant decrease in nutrient contents and thiol compounds, but increased polyamine contents. However, exogenous application of 0.2 mM SNP increased nutrient contents and thiol compounds, but lowered polyamine contents. The study clearly revealed that exogenous SNP can overcome the toxic effects of B on wheat seedlings.
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    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHODS FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ELUCIDATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM
    Tepe, HD; Doyuk, F
    In this study, the effects of three different extraction methods on the antioxidant capacity, phenolic component, volatile organic molecule, and amino acid contents in the leaves of the Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) were compared. The amino acid contents were evaluated via liquid chromatography -diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis. In gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, loliolide and phytol molecules were detected in moringa leaves. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, hesperidin, hyperoside, quercetin, kaempferol were found in high amounts in moringa leaves by liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Tyrosine, glutamic acid, alanine, tryptophan, and L-theanine amino acids were determined by HPLC-DAD analysis. Microstructures images of three extracts were shown with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Element content and mapping were demonstrated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). It was found that the best extraction method is MDAE when compared to UBAE and HAE.
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    Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) addition on physiological parameters and metal uptake in Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings under cadmium and lead stress
    Tepe, HD
    Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are considered phytotoxic metals. Gibberellins (GAs) are a large group of tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormones from GA(1) to GA(136). Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a legume that is very popular around the world. In this study, 50 mu M gibberellic acid (GA(3)) was added to bean seedlings treated with Cd plus Pb each at 100 or 200 mM concentration. Total chlorophyll content decreased by 25% and 40% in shoots of plant treated with 100 and 200 mM concentration, respectively compared to the control group. Based on results of the lipid peroxidation assay, in shoots, addition of GA(3) in the presence of 100 mM and 200 mM metal concentrations was also reduced by 48% and 32%, respectively. Antioxidant and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities (%) increased with the addition of GA(3). With the addition of GA(3) to 100 mM toxicity in shoots, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity increased by 17%. NO scavenging activity (%) was reduced by 27% and 53% in the presence of 100 mM and 200 mM concentrations of the two heavy metals (HMs), respectively, in the shoot compared to the control group. NO scavenging activity reduction of 40% in 100 mM stress and 60% in 200 mM stress were determined.
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    Determination of Phytochemical Content by Chromatographic Methods and Antioxidant Capacity in Methanolic Extract of Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) and Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)
    Tepe, HD; Doyuk, F
    In this study, the antioxidant effects, protein contents and phytochemical structure content of jujube, oleaster fruits and their seeds were investigated. Methanol extraction of fruits and seeds was prepared and volatile organic components were examined by GC-MS and phenolic components were examined by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and NO scavenging (%). In addition, mineral content was defined with ICP-MS. DPPH scavenging activity (%) was observed most in jujube fruit (80.36%) then it continued as oleaster seed (79.33%) and oleaster fruit (72.00%) and jujube seed (66.26%) respectively. According to protein results, there was a 2.19-fold difference between jujube fruit and seed. This difference was found 0.78 times between oleaster fruit and seed. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid and vanillic acid contents of phenolic compounds were found in high amounts. P (phosphorus) contents in jujube, oleaster, jujube seed and oleaster seed, respectively; 722.67, 736.91, 453.74 and 687.10 mg/kg. In the jujube and jujube seed samples, the contents of Ca (calcium) were found 1261.02 and 2228.24 mg/kg. K (potassium) contents were determined 7351.16 and 7688.42 mg/kg in jujube and oleaster, respectively.
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    Investigation of the changes in low molecular weight organic acids and other physiological parameters by nitric oxide application in two wheat cultivars exposed to boron stress
    Tepe, HD; Aydemir, T
    Boron (B) is one of the essential nutrients for the growth of plants, but its high concentrations are toxic for plants. Thus, B toxicity is a big challenge in crop cultivation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small signaling molecule that has cytoprotective roles in plants. We investigated whether exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which is a NO donor, may succeed to alleviate B-induced toxicity in wheat cultivars. Seedlings were grown for 10days in a growth chamber at 25 degrees C with 16hr light-8hr dark photo cycle. After high B application, the effects of SNP on growth parameters; electrolyte leakage (EL); changes in reactive oxygen species [contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline]; the activities of antioxidant enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and nitrate reductase (NR); and low molecular weight organic acid (LMWOAs) contents and also chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents were investigated in both shoots and roots of two different wheat cultivars. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. 0.2mM SNP application ameliorated the chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents, and growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, and fresh weight in both wheat cultivars exposed to B stress. SNP reduced the B-induced lipid peroxidation, EL, and proline and H2O2 content in wheat cultivars. SNP application also increased the activities of NR and antioxidant enzymes, including GSHPx, GR, and GST in wheat cultivars exposed to B toxicity. All of the tested LMWOAs including succinic, propionic, butyric, oxalic, formic, malic, malonic, and benzoic acids were increased by SNP treatment in the shoots and roots of both wheat cultivars exposed to B toxicity. In conclusion, results obtained from this study have demonstrated that interactive effects of SNP with B considerably reduced the toxic effects of B in wheat cultivars.
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    Effect of Boron on Antioxidant Response of Two Lentil (Lens culinaris) Cultivars
    Tepe, HD; Aydemir, T
    Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants through paticipating key reactions such as reproduction, development, and regeneration. Similar to its deficiency, its over-concentations possess toxic effects on plant growth. In this work, possible boron toxicity was researched through evaluating alaterations in antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, and chlorophyll contents for two types of lentil species as red (native) and green (winter flake 11) lentil (Lens culinaris L. cv) cultivars, which are indigenous to Turkey. Ten days old seedling lentil plants were subjected to low as 0.5, 1.0 mM and high 2.0 and 5.0 mM boric acid treatments for 7 days. B worked as a growth-promoting nutrient for 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM concentration by enhancing length and weight of both shoot and root tissues, while it started showed its suppression effect on these tissues at 5-mM cocentration, which were obtained more dramatic for green lentil in comparison to red lentil. In contrast to this, oxidative stress markers such as MDA, H2O2, and proline concentrations showed increasing trend for 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mM B treatment, accompanied with a change in photosynthetic pigment concentrations (p < 0.01). MDA in red lentil shoot control was 30,3871 (mu mol/gFW) and it was significantly increased to 36,5806 and 51,7414 by the 2.0 and 5.0 B rates, respectively. However, enzymes in anti-oxidation metabolism include superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), lipoxygenase (LOX), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were obtained higher in high-B-treated groups, while decreased and stable activities were obtained for catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes. CAT and APX activities were higher than those were obtained for 2.0 and 5.0 mM B treatments in both root and shoot tissues. The lentil species manipulated their metabolism to suppress B-stress, and enhanced growth in shoot and root tissues up to 5-mM B stress even though oxidative stress markers showed increasing trend from low B concentrations, 1.0 mM. Therefore, B stress can be claimed as doubled edge sword for these lentil species.
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    LC-MS/MS analysis, antioxidant and anticancer effects of phenolic-rich extracts from Algerian propolis: a comparative study
    Boulechfar, S; Akbulut, Z; Tepe, HD; Zellagui, A; Aktas, RG; Bensouici, C; Doyuk, F; Khattabi, L; Demirel, G; Lahouel, M
    The present study was aimed to compare the phenolic composition and the functional properties (antioxidant and anticancer) of phenolic-rich extracts of two different propolis collected from Collo (PREPC) and Oum El Bouaghi (PREPO) regions. The phenolic composition was determined using LC/MS-MS. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using alkaline DMSO and beta-carotene-linoleic acid tests. Anticancer effect on HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells was determined using CCK-8 assay. Twenty-two phenolic compounds in PREPC and twenty-three in PREPO were detected and quantified by LC-MS/MS. Ferulic and caffeic acids were found to be the predominant compounds. Both extracts were able to inhibit lipid peroxidation and demonstrated their ability to scavenge superoxide radicals more effectively than the standards. The highest lipid peroxidation inhibition (IC50 = 17.58 +/- 1.98 mu g/mL) and superoxide radical scavenging effects (IC50 = 6.19 +/- 0.24 mu g/mL) were exhibited by PREPO. However, PREPC showed stronger cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (IC50 = 12.22 +/- 0.05 mu g/mL) than PREPO (IC50 = 18.68 +/- 0.33 mu g/mL). These results demonstrate the potential of extracts from Algerian propolis to be used in functional formulations.