Browsing by Author "Tosun S."
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Item A serological study of immunoglobulin G type antibody to epstein-barr virus capsid antigen in children living in Manisa area of Western Anatolia, Turkey(2001) Tosun S.; Kasirga E.Objective: To search the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) prevalence and the dispersion over ages. Design: To study the rate of infection by Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in Manisa area Western Anatolia, Turkey, the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) type of antibody to the Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen (VCA) was determined. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were taken from 90 healthy children without having history of infectious mononucleosis aged 12 months to 16 years living in Manisa area of Western Anatolia, Turkey. All sera were tested for IgG antibody to the Epstein-Barr VCA by a commercially available microwell enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method (Gull Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah). Results: IgG antibodies against Epstein-Barr VCA were found in 66 subjects (73.34%). When grouped by age, 71% of the children had been already infected by the age four. However, by age sixteen, 90.9% of the total sample had already specific IgG type antibodies to EBV. Conclusion: These results indicate that infections with EBV have a rather early and widespread occurrence in Manisa area of Western Anatolia, Turkey.Item Serological prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in children with recurrent abdominal pain in Manisa region, Western Turkey(2002) Kasirga E.; Ertan P.; Tosun S.; Sanlidag T.; Tansug N.; Onag A.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serological prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic and symptomatic (recurrent abdominal pain) children in Manisa region, Western Turkey. Design: To study the rate of infection by Helicobacter pylori in children, the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori was determined. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five symptomatic (25 boys and 30 girls) and one hundred sixty-four asymptomatic (82 boys and 82 girls) children between 3-15 years of age were tested for anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG. Serum samples collected were tested for IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercial kits. Mean titers >20 U/ml were considered positive for specific IgG antibody. Results: The prevalence of anti-H. pylori IgG antibody was 65.5% in symptomatic and 35.4% in asymptomatic children. The seroprevalence was increased significantly with age in children with recurrent abdominal pain (chi-square= 18.09; p< 0.001). There was a significant difference in the appearance rate of IgG antibodies between asymptomatic and symptomatic children (chi-square= 15.22; p< 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that Helicobacter pylori seropositivity is more common in children with recurrent abdominal pain than in asymptomatic children living in Manisa region, Western Turkey.Item Children with recurrent abdominal pain in Manisa Region, Western Turkey: An evaluation of serological prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori(2003) Kasirga E.; Ertan P.; Tosun S.; Sanhdag T.; Tansug N.; Onag A.Objective- To evaluate the serological prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection in asymptomatic and symptomatic children with recurrent abdominal pain. Design- A cohort was used to study the rate of infection by Helicobacter Pylori in children, the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Helicobacter Pylori was determined. Setting- Manisa region, Western Turkey. Materials and Methods- Fifty-five symptomatic (25 boys and 30 girls) and one hundred sixty-four asymptomatic (82 boys and 82 girls) children between 3-15 years of age were tested for anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG. Serum samples collected were tested for IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits. Mean titers >20 U/ml were considered positive for specific IgG antibody. Result- The prevalence of anti-H. pylori IgG antibody was 65.5% in symptomatic and 35.4% in asymptomatic children. The seroprevalence was increased significantly with age in children and recurrent abdominal pain (chi-square = 18.09; p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the appearance rate of IgG antibodies between asymptomatic and symptomatic children (chi-square = 15.22; p<0.001). Conclusion- This study shows that Helicobacter pylori seropositivity is more common in children with recurrent abdominal pain than in asymptomatic children living in Manisa region, Western Turkey.Item Current therapeutic approaches in childhood chronic hepatitis B infection: A multicenter study(Blackwell Publishing, 2004) Dikici B.; Ozgenc F.; Kalayci A.G.; Targan S.; Ozkan T.; Selimoglu A.; Doganci T.; Kansu A.; Tosun S.; Arslan N.; Kasirga E.; Bosnak M.; Haspolat K.; Buyukgebiz B.; Aydogdu S.; Girgin N.; Yagci R.V.Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of three different regimens in childhood chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Methods: A total of 182 children with CHB infection were prospectively allocated to three random groups. Sixty-two patients in the first group received high-dose interferon (IFN)-α 2b (10 MU/m2) thrice/weekly alone for 6 months. In the second (n = 60) and third groups (n = 60), IFN-α was used for 6 months (5 MU/m2) thrice/weekly in combination with lamivudine (LAM) (4 mg/kg, maximum 100 mg/day) for 12 months. Lamivudine was started simultaneously with IFN in the second group, while it was started 2 months prior to IFN injections in the third group. Results: The initial mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values for the first, second and third groups were 109 ± 93 IU/L, 101 ± 64 IU/L and 92 ± 42 IU/L, respectively (P > 0.05). At the end of the therapy, ALT values decreased to 82 ± 111 IU/L, 38 ± 41 IU/L and 29 ± 16 IU/L in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean ALT value of the first group was significantly different to the second and third groups (P = 0.046 and P = 0.002, respectively) at the end of the therapy and these differences were found to be sustained after 18 months. However, results in the second and third groups were similar (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in HBeAg clearance and anti-HBe seroconversion at the initial stage, 12 months and 18 months between the three groups (P > 0.05). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA clearance in the first group was different from the second and third groups, while the second and third groups had similar HBV DNA clearance ratios at 12 and 18 months. No significant difference was found in the complete response (normalization of ALT, clearance of HBV DNA and seroconversion of anti HBe) ratios of all groups (at 12 months: 28.8, 45.5, 35.8% and at 18 months 33.3, 49 and 34% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Although the ALT normalization and HBV DNA clearance ratios of IFN plus LAM combination groups were better than the high-dose IFN-α monotherapy group, no significant difference was found in the complete response ratios of all three groups. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.Item Changes in seroprevalence of hepatitis A in children and adolescents in Manisa, Turkey(2004) Tosun S.; Ertan P.; Kasirga E.; Atman Ü.Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV), being an enteric transmitting virus wide world, occurs mostly in children of developing countries. However, the virus has recently been seen in adolescents and young adults worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of the HAV infection in children and adolescents in Manisa, Turkey, and to verify whether the increased incidence of HAV infection in other parts of the world and Turkey generally is also true for the area of Manisa. Methods: The authors studied blood samples of 1395 adolescents and children aged between 6 months and 17 years from the Manisa area in order to evaluate the existence of anti-HAV antibodies using micro-ELISA test. Results: Total seropositivity was 44.6% while age related values were as followed: 6-23 months, 47.8%; 2-6 years, 23.7%; 7-10 years, 43.4%; 11-14 years, 52.4%; and 15-17 years, 76.6%. These results suggest that the seropositivity increases significantly among children at school age and also increases parallel to age. Conclusions: According to these results, the authors concluded that there has been a shift of seropositivity from children to adolescents especially in families with an average or high socio-economical level.Item The research of association between HBV prevalence and socioeconomical status after universal vaccination in children, in Manisa; [Manisa i̇lindeki çocuklarda kitlesel hepatit b aşilamasi sonrasi HBV Prevalansinin Sosyoekonomik Durumla İlişkisinin Araştirilmas?](2010) Tosun S.; Deveci S.; Kaplan Y.; Kasirga E.Objective: It was aimed to investigate effects of Massive vaccinetion has been performing since 1998 in our country, to HBC seroprevalences according to socio-economic levels of children that de living in Manisa. Material and Methods: The study is a descriptive, cross-sectional field research. The study population was students, who were at the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades of public primary schools in Manisa City Centren. Schools were classified in to three subcategories as low, intermediate and high level depending on the socio-economic level of the regions. Results: The number of the participating children in the study was 1504; 50.3%(n= 756) of this number comprised of boys and 49.7%(n= 748) of it comprised of girls. When the distribution according to socio-economic level is evaluated, the numbers of the children from high, intermediate and low level of socio-economic level were 16.2%(n= 243), 43.8%(n= 660) and 40.0%(n= 601), respectively. The carrier state rate according to year of birth from 1996 to 1999 are 1.7%, 1.5%, 1.1%and 0.8%respectively; where as the ratios of antibody titration at preventive level (>10 IU/mL) were 29.6%, 40.1%, 71.5% and 65.8%, res pectively (F= 84.40, p= 0.000). Depending on the results of last model with degraded logistic regression, to be born in pre-mass vaccination period was 4.01 times (95%GA: 3.19-5.05) riskier comparing to be born in mass vaccination period, whereas being in low socio-economic level was 4.25 times (95%GA: 3.36-5.36) riskier comparing to being in high-intermediate socioeconomic level in terms of sensitivity to he patitis B. Conclusion: As a conclusion, mass HBV vaccination, which has been employed for 10 years in our country, has caused a significant decrease in HBsAg positivity, especially in the childhood. Therefore, it should be maintained likewise with high vaccination rates. In addition, HBsAg screening of all pregnant women and sufficient immunization (vaccine and HBIG) of the new borns from baby carriers should not be disregarded at the birth. Copyright © 2010 by Türkiye Klinikleri.Item Should a booster dose be administered in children after mass immunization for hepatitis B?(Brieflands, 2011) Tosun S.; Deveci S.; Kaplan Y.; Kasirga E.Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global health problem and vaccine-preventable disease, but the duration of the effects of HBV vaccination in infants is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this trial, which comprised children who had received 3 doses as part of the universal HBV immunization program and no additional doses, was to investigate anti-HBs titers and HBsAg status after 9 years. Patients and Methods: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional field research study. The study sample, based on sociodemographics and minimum seroprevalence, was analyzed based on 10.00% ± 1.50 (95% confidence interval) (1150 individuals); trial was realized in a total of 1279 children (623 females and 656 males). Anti-HBs titers were measured by micro-EIA (Dia Sorin-Italy); titers < 10 IU/mL were negative, 10-49 IU/mL were low-positive, and > 50 IU/mL were high-positive. For anti-HBs titers below protective levels, HBsAg was measured by micro-EIA. Results: In approximately half of the children (48.5% in those living in semiurban areas and 42.3% in urban areas), antibody titers were below protective levels. Conclusions: Mass HBV vaccination, which was implemented in Turkey in 1998, significantly decreases HBsAg positivity in childhood. Nevertheless, it might be necessary to administer a booster dose after 8-9 years in children, especially those in low socioeconomic areas or in whom irregular/insufficient immunization is suspected. © 2011 Kowsar M.P.Co. All rights reserved.Item Rapid immunization scheme for spouses of individuals estabilished as hepatitis B carriers during premarital tests(2012) Tosun S.; Yücetürk M.; Dönmez A.B.; Gündüz T.Background. The aim of this study was to monitor the cases identified as hepatitis B carriers during premarital tests, to vaccinate their prospective spouses with a rapid vaccination scheme, and to compare the anti-HBs responses with the traditional vaccination scheme. Methods. Blood samples of 1250 couple spouses were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs. HBsAg positive cases' fiancées which were found HBV negative were administered a rapid three-dose vaccination scheme on days 0, 7, and 21. Forty controls with similar age and gender were also were administered three doses of the same vaccine. Results. Out of 1250 cases (625 couples), 46 (3.6%) were HBsAg positive, and 40 of them aged between 18 and 39 were admitted to the rapid vaccination program. Conclusion. Upon determination of HBsAg positivity in premarital tests, a rapid vaccination program provides early protection, but the 6th and 12th month vaccinations are also required. Anti-HBs response should be monitored. © 2012 Selma Tosun et al.Item Investigation of tetanus antitoxin titer levels in people over forty years of age; [Kırk yaşın üzerindeki insanlarda tetanoz Antitoksin titre düzeylerinin araştırılması](Turkiye Klinikleri, 2012) Tosun S.; Deveci S.; Yücetürk M.; Dönmez A.B.; Kaplan Y.Objective: Tetanus is a disease that can be prevented with vaccination, but protective antitoxin titers decrease to undetectable levels with old age. The aim of this study is to evaluate tetanus antitoxin levels in individuals over 40 years of age and to investigate the vaccination and physical in-jury status via survey. Material and Methods: A total of 361 participants, 178 men and 183 women, were enrolled in the study and blood was drawn from each participant to measure tetanus antibody level by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Results: Tetanus antibodies were undetectable in 55 male (30.9%) and 71 female patients (38.8%) at the end of the study. It was determined that tetanus antitoxin levels significantly decrease with age in both women and men especially after 50 years of age which is accepted as the limit age in which antibody is likely to be negative. Conclusion: In adult age group, booster vaccination for tetanus is recommended every 10 years in developing and developed countries, but this recommendation cannot be put into practice as anticipated. Similarly in our country, vaccination of adult age group is not common and tetanus vaccine is not generally administered at every ten years. The results of this study show that one dose of tetanus vaccine should be administered at least to individuals over 50 years of age, and individuals who do not recall their vaccination history should be taken into a three-dose vaccination program. © 2012 by Türkiye Klinikleri.Item Prevalence of brucellosis in Manisa: A retrospective study including 2008-2012; [Manİsada brusellozun prevalansi: 2008-2012 yillarini İçeren retrospektİf bİr çalişma](2013) Gündüz T.; Akgül S.; Özçolpan G.; Tosun S.; LImoncu M.E.Brucellosis is the zoonotic disease seen endemically in many regions of the world including Turkey. Variability of symptoms and findings of brucellosis delay the clinical diagnosis and treatment. This study was carried out to contribute to identify the status of Brucellosis in our region. Rose Bengal dye test, standard tube agglutination test and Coombs tests were determined positive in 852 (4.2%) of serums taken from 20405 patients in the screening group. 487 of 852 patients for whom RBT and SAT positivity were designated were (57.2%) women and 351 of them were men (42.8%). 79.1% (674) of them were from the rural regions and had contacted animals.Item Effect of a Nationwide Universal HBV Vaccination Program and Catch-up Vaccination Campaign on HBV Prevalence in Children; [Ülke Çapında Evrensel HBV Aşılama Programının ve Yakalama Aşı Kampanyasının Çocuklarda HBV Prevalansı Üzerindeki Etkisi](Galenos Publishing House, 2021) Tosun S.; Deveci S.; Kasırga E.Objectives: In infants vaccinated at birth against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the context of a universal vaccination program, antibody titers may reduce over years, with a need for a booster dose at adolescence. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunity and carriage status 8-10 years after 3 doses of HBV vaccine administered in infancy. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, community-based field study and was carried out between 2008 and 2011. Children with an anti-HBs titer ≤9 IU/mL, 10 to 99 IU/mL, and ≥100 IU/mL were categorized as negative, positive, and strongly positive. Results: A total of 4,256 students born between 1995 and 2004 (age range: 7-12 years) were included in the study. Of the overall study group, 2099 (49.3%) were male and 2157 (50.7%) were female. In 62.3% of the children in group A (born in or before 1999), anti-HBs titers were above the protection limit (≥10 IU/mL), while this rate was 37.3% in group B (born in or after 2000), with a statistically significant difference (p<0.00001, χ2=207.1841). Conclusion: Three doses of HBV vaccination administered during the universal campaign is adequate with no need for booster doses, unless maternal hepatitis B surface antigen positivity is present. © Copyright 2021 by Viral Hepatitis Society / Viral Hepatitis Journal published by Galenos Publishing House.Item Consideration whether hepatitis b exists in children whose mothers suffer from chronic hepatitis b and these mothers in gestational age; [Kronik Hepatit B Enfeksiyonu Olan Annelerin Gebeliklerinde ve Çocuklarında Hepatit B Enfeksiyonun Değerlendirilmesi](Galenos Publishing House, 2021) Yıldız İ.E.; Tosun S.; Şen S.; Altunal L.N.; Uğurlu K.; Bahşi A.Objectives: Perinatal and intrauterine transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents a major factor, leading to the development of chronic infection. This study aimed to explore the status of mothers and their children for hepatitis B (HB) infection during pregnancy and childhood, and whether active and passive immunoprophylaxis was administered to infants shortly after birth. Materials and Methods: We performed multicenter, retrospective research on voluntary hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers admitted to infectious diseases polyclinics was performed. Mothers and their children were queried by a questionnaire about their HB infection status. Data from the electronic data recording system was scanned retrospectively. Results: Three hundred-one mothers and 616 children were included in the study. HBsAg was examined in 354 (57.4%) of pregnancies. Of 91 children with HBsAg positivity, 83 were not applied active and passive immunoprophylaxis after birth. Eight 276 babies received both immune prophylaxes after birth were then detected as HBsAg positive. On HBV examination, 148 children were found to encounter the HBV. HBsAg positivity rate was significantly higher in children born before 1997. Conclusion: The remarkable decrease in HBsAg positivity of children reveals the efficacy of national vaccination. By informing both healthcare workers and society, awareness about examining pregnants for HBsAg during pregnancy should be increased. © 2020 by Viral Hepatitis Society / Viral Hepatitis Journal published by Galenos Publishing House.Item Validity and Reliability of the COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Scale(MDPI, 2023) Deveci S.; Cevik C.; Baydur H.; Onsuz F.; Tosun S.; Ergor A.Background: The aim of this research is to develop a scale that will evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of employees about COVID-19 and to test its validity and reliability. Methodology: The methodological type of research was used between August–November 2020, under observation in organized industrial zones. Information was collected from a total of 543 employees. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were performed for the value, item–total correlations and construct validity. SPSS 25.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, USA), Jasp 0.14 (University of Amsterdam) and Lisrel 9.1(Scientific Software International, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, USA) programs were used in the analysis. Results: 83.1% of the participants in the study are male, the average age is 37.4 ± 8.0, 76.1% are married, and 49.4% are high school graduates. The Cronbach alpha value of the COVID-19 information part is 0.86 in total, the contamination information dimension is 0.71 and the protection information dimension is 0.84. The COVID-19 attitude section consists of four sub-dimensions and 13 items classified within the framework of the health belief model. In summary, the goodness of fit values for the knowledge, attitude and behavior sections, respectively, are: RMSEA values 0.05, 0.03 and 0.04; CFI values 0.98, 0.98 and 0.99; GFI values 0.97, 0.97 and 0.99. Conclusions: It has been determined that the internal consistency of the COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and behavior scale conducted on employees is high and compatible, and its validity findings are sufficient. The scale is recommended as an applicable tool to measure COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. © 2023 by the authors.Item Lived Experiences of Turkish Internationally Educated Nurses: A Phenomenological Study(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Gülşen M.; Akan D.D.; Tosun S.The international mobility of the nursing workforce is growing. In recent years, Türkiye has seen a notable increase in the number of nurses seeking employment abroad. This study aimed to describe lived experiences of Turkish internationally educated nurses (IENs). A qualitative design with a descriptive phenomenological approach was employed, and the results are reported following the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. Data were collected from September to November 2023 through in-depth, individual online interviews using a semi-structured interview form. Sixteen Turkish IENs were interviewed. Through thematic analysis, four themes emerged: push factors of migration, pull factors of migration, positive experiences following migration, and negative experiences following migration. The migration of Turkish nurses to higher-income countries significantly enhanced their professional and personal lives but also presented considerable challenges. This study underscores the dual nature of migration, offering both opportunities and challenges. © 2025 The Author(s). Nursing & Health Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.