Browsing by Author "Tuglu, I"

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    Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on matrix molecules and angiogenetic and anti-angiogenetic factors in gastric cancer cells cultured on different substrates
    Kosova, F; Kurt, FO; Olmez, E; Tuglu, I; Ari, Z
    Migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis associated with cancer depend on the surrounding microenvironment. Angiogenesis, the growth of new capillaries, is a regulator of cancer growth and a useful target for cancer therapy. We examined matrix protein interactions in a gastric cancer cell culture that was treated with different doses of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) phenethyl ester (CAPE). We also investigated the relations among the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), endostatin (ES) and trombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Cytotoxity of CAPE was measured using the 3-(4,5-dmethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We examined the behavior of cells on laminin and collagen I coated surfaces in response to the angiogenic effect of these matrix molecules. We examined the protein alterations of these matrix molecules immunohistochemically and measured the levels of VEGF, MMP-9, ES and TSP-1 using the ELISA test. We showed that application of CAPE to the gastric cancer cell line on tissue culture plastic, laminin and collagen I significantly decreased the VEGF and MMP-9 protein levels. We found that TSP-1 levels were increased significantly in the gastric cancer cells after application of CAPE. The protein levels of gastric cancer cells also were increased significantly when tissue was cultured on laminin and collagen I. Application of CAPE to cells on laminin or collagen I coated surfaces significantly increased all of the proteins except ES. ES levels were increased on the collagen I covered surfaces, but the laminin surface decreased the levels of ES significantly. We demonstrated the beneficial effect of CAPE on a gastric cancer cell line including inhibition of proliferation and induction of some proteins that might be related to decreased angiogenesis.
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    Clinical and histological changes of intrathecally administered gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) in normal rats
    Mavioglu, H; Tuglu, I; Temiz, C; Ozbilgin, K; Cilaker, S; Selcuki, D; Selcuki, M
    Objectives: This study is carried out to explore clinical and histological changes induced in rats by intrathecal administration of Gd-DTPA via suboccipital spinal injection. 2.5, 5, 10 mu mol/g-brain of Gd-DTPA were injected intrathecally to 43 adult male rats and sucrose as control solution with same volume and osmolarity were injected to 18 rats. Animals were sacrificed on day 4 and 14. Sections from the cortex, brain stem, cerebellum and medulla spinalis were obtained to examine for cell loss and apoptosis. In this study, no clinical abnormalities were observed in 69.8 % of rats of Gd-DTPA group and in 83.3 % of rats of sucrose group. Transient neurological signs such as ataxia and paresis were seen in 11.6 % of rats in the Gd-DTPA group and in 5.5 % of rats in the sucrose group. They were seen more frequently in the Gd-DTPA group especially in the highest dose and volume. Histological examination did not revealed necrosis or apoptosis in both groups. This study suggests that intrathecally administered Gd-DTPA may be safe in humans when lower doses per gram of brain are used than rats.
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    Apoptosis of colon cancer cells under the effect of geldanamycin derivate
    Kosova, F; Kasar, Z; Tuglu, I; Kurt, FO; Gok, S; Ari, Z; Imren, T
    AIM: The apoptotic effect of geldanamycin derivative may be important for the colorectal cancer therapy. The mechanisms of apoptosis require understanding of the behavior of colon cancer cell line Colo-205 which mimics colon adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the effect of IC50 dose of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) on the colon cancer cells in vitro was studied for its anti-apoptotic activity. METHOD: Apoptotic ratio of the Colo-205 cells was determined after 17-AAG application with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and apoptosis related genes. Apoptosis signal path related key mitochondria! proteins, cytochrome c, bcl-2, caspase 9 and Apaf-1 expression were examined with RT-PCR method. RESULTS: 17-AAG caused induction of cell death. Apoptotic related genes such as cytochrome-c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9 protein expressions were increased significantly (p < 0.05) and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression was decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that the application of 17-AAG on Colo-205 cells showed anticancer effect by the apoptosis due to alteration of apoptotic genes. CONCLUSION: The apoptotic effect of 17-AAG as an natural product for alternative medicine would be very important for the success and quality of life during the treatment of colon carcinoma with the combination of anticancer drugs (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 32). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
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    Cell surface glycosylation diversity of embryonic thymic tissues
    Balcan, E; Tuglu, I; Sahin, M; Toparlak, P
    In the thymus, glycosylation status of many cell surface molecules changes during the thymocyte maturation and selection processes. In this study, we evaluated the glycosylation changes and possible relationships with programmed cell death in the thymic tissues from mouse embryos at the days 14 (E14), 15 (E15), 16 (E16), 17 (E17) and 18 (E18) of embryonic development. In order to determine glycosylation changes we used three different plant Lectins: peanut agglutinin (PNA), Moackia amurensis leucoagglutinin (MAL or MAAI) and Sombucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), which recognize core disaccharide galactose (1-3) N-acetylgalactosamine [Gal beta(1 -> 3)GalNAc], siatic acid linked (2 -> 3) to galactose [SA alpha(2 -> 3)Gal] and siatic acid linked to galactose [SA)alpha(2 -> 6)Gal] structures, respectively. Our lectin histochemistry and lectin blotting studies indicated that glycosylation pattern was modified in thymocytes at the embryonic developmental. stages analyzed. The immature cortical thymocytes were labeled by PNA, whereas medullary thymocytes were positive for MAL and SNA binding. Many medullary thymocytes exhibited alpha(2 -> 6)-linked siatic acid on their surface and this increased throughout the gestational stages. In the lectin blotting studies, different protein bands of various molecular weights were identified in thymocytes. Two of them were putatively identified as CD43 and CD45 glycoproteins. In addition, TUNEL (deoxynucleotdyltransferase-mediated dUDP nick end labeling) indicated that only PNA-positive cortical thymocytes were deleted in all embryonic stages. These results indicate that the glycosylation pattern was modified in thymocytes at all embryonic developmental stages, and these modifications can affect the T cell deletion, probably via the galectin-1 molecule in the embryonic thymus. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All. rights reserved.
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    Cell division and cellular morphology of the chick retinal pigmented epithelial cells in culture - A time-lapse analysis
    Tuglu, I; Cezayirli, E; Vural, K; Gungor, K; Varol, T; Bekir, N
    Objective: To investigate the patterns of cell division, movement and shape during early stages of development of the chick embryo retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and to evaluate the morphology of dissociated embryonic cells with regard to their proliferation capacity. Methods: We conducted this study at the Department of Histology and Embryology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey, between 2002 and 2003. We isolated the cells from chick embryos. We analyzed the images of the embryonic cells originated from neuroepithelia using a computer-based time-lapse acquisition system attached to a differential interference contrast microscope. Results: Retinal pigmented epithelial cells, despite being dissociated, depict a colony-type growth. Cells in the periphery of the colony and those outside the colony showed a tendency to proliferate and migrate and retained contact with the neighboring cells during division. Characteristics of cytokinesis were separation from the neighboring cell while retaining an attachment point, became rounded, moved up and started to shake and ascend to disseminate to the substrate to complete the division. The round-up stage was non-significantly shorter when the cell was closer to the center of the colony. Cells that were in the periphery of, or outside the colony had a round-up time of over one hour while cytokinesis-to-adhesion time was around 5 minutes. However, when we found the cells in the center of the colony, the times were half-an-hour and 1.5 hours for the daughter cells, a 2-fold difference between daughter cells with regard to the duration of attachment. Conclusion: Cell division, migration and proliferation are complex procedures influenced by growth factors, cell adhesion, matrix molecules underneath and the signal mechanisms and can be studied in detail using time-lapse microscopy, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy.
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    Effect of Herbal Essential Oil mixture on Intestinal Mucosal Development, Growth Performance, and Weights of Internal Organs of Quails
    Çabuk, M; Eratak, S; Alçiçek, A; Tuglu, I
    The aim of this study was to examine the effects of herbal essential oil mixture on intestinal mucosal development, weights of the internal organs, carcass characteristics, and growth performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 276 quails that were 1 day old were studied. The quails were weighed and divided into 3 groups, each with 4 replicates, consisting of a control, antibiotic (avilamycin 10 mg/kg diet), and the essential oil mixture (EOM) at 48 mg/kg diet. Supplementation with EOM and antibiotic significantly increased goblet cell size and goblet cell number on day 38. Villi height, villi width, and crypt depth were not affected by any treatment. Quails receiving the diet containing EOM and antibiotic were significantly heavier than those fed the control diet on days 28 and 38. No significant effects of the dietary treatments on feed intake were observed. Moreover, addition of EOM and antibiotic to the quail diet resulted in a significantly better feed conversion ratio than that of the control on days 28 and 38. No differences were observed for carcass yield or liver, gizzard, and small intestine weights. Beneficial effects of the EOM were observed in goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa.
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    The effect of osteogenic medium on the adhesion of rat bone marrow stromal cell to the hydroxyapatite
    Deliloglu-Gurhan, I; Tuglu, I; Vatansever, HS; Özdal-Kurt, F; Ekren, H; Taylan, M; Sen, BH
    Objective: To investigate the adhesive properties of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) on the hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and analyze their behavior. Methods: The study took place in the Department of the Histology and Embryology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa and in the Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey between 2004 and 2005. We cultured BMSC from the mature rat tibia and differentiated to the osteoblasts by osteogenic medium. The BMSCs were subcultured and were taken to the HA substrate. We measured their proliferation capacity and viability with MTT assay using the spectrophotometric method. Furthermore, we identified the osteoblast-like cells by immunohistochemical staining of osteonectin and osteocalcin and we analyzed the behavior of the cells on different sized HA particles by SEM at the end of 3 days incubation. Results: Osteogenic medium caused the proliferation capacity of BMSC to speed up and the effects appeared earlier. We confirmed the osteoblastic differentiation by staining of most cells with osteoblastic markers. Subcultured cells were similarly adhesive to the HA particles and the osteogenic medium did not alter this behavior. They spread on the substrate similarly. Most of the cells demonstrated the cytoplasmic protrusion. Morphology of the cells did not change much with or without osteogenic medium. Different sizes of HA particles did not affect the adhesive properties of these cells except HA gel. The spreading and attachment ratios of the cells on HA gel were more than the others. Conclusion: We found that there was heterogeneity in BMSC on differentiation capacity to the osteoblast, which was a sign of a subpopulation. Adhesive cells showed similar morphology and behavior under the effect of osteogenic medium. The only difference was the spreading capacity on the HA gel where cell used this substrate more effectively for adhesion.
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    The effect of testosterone treatment on urodynamic findings and histopathomorphology of pelvic floor muscles in female rats with experimentally induced stress urinary incontinence
    Mammadov, R; Simsir, A; Tuglu, I; Evren, V; Gurer, E; Özyurt, C
    In recent studies, it has been observed that androgen receptors are densely located in pelvic floor muscles. We aimed to investigate the effect of testosterone on urodynamic findings and histopathomorphology of pelvic floor muscles in rats with experimentally induced stress urinary incontinence. Twenty-eight adult female rats were randomized into four groups. Group I: rats in which SUI was induced and single-dose testosterone was administered 30 days later, group II: rats in which SUI was induced and single-dose testosterone was administered within the same session, group III: rats in which SUI was induced and saline was injected intramuscularly 30 days later, and group IV: the sham group. In order to demonstrate objectively the curative and preventive role of testosterone in experimental model of SUI, urodynamic examination and histopathomorphological evaluation of levator ani muscle were performed. Myofiber areas in groups I and II were detected to be significantly larger than those of the control group (P < 0.001). Another parameter was leak point pressure value by urodynamy. Regarding this parameter, LPP values in groups 1, 2 and 4 were observed to be significantly higher than those of group 3 (P < 0.001). The results of the comparison among groups 1, 2 and 4 revealed no significance (P > 0.05), which indicates that testosterone provides continence in a similar way to the group in which sciatic nerve section was not performed. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that testosterone has both preventive and curative effects on rat models of experimental SUI.
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    Bladder Function Recovery in Rats With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury After Transplantation of Neuronal-Glial Restricted Precursors or Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
    Temeltas, G; Dagci, T; Kurt, F; Evren, V; Tuglu, I
    Purpose: We investigated functional recovery of the lower urinary system in rats with spinal cord injury after transplanting neuronal restricted precursors/glial restricted precursors or neural cells derived from bone marrow stromal cells into the injured area of the spinal cord. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 rats underwent experimentation in 4 groups, including group 1-sham operation, group 2-spinal cord injury plus neuronal restricted precursor/glial restricted precursor transplantation, group 3-spinal cord injury plus bone marrow stromal cell transplantation and group 4-spinal cord injury control. All rats in the 4 groups were investigated urodynamically and sacrificed on day 28 after transplantation. The cells transplanted into the injured spinal cord underwent histological investigation. Results: Transplanted cells (neuronal and glial restricted precursors, and bone marrow stromal cells) were found to maintain a presence in the injured spinal cord area. Baseline pressure, maximum capacity, mean uninhibited contraction amplitude, mean voiding pressure, voided volume and post-void residual volume were significantly better in groups 2 and 3 than in group 4, while baseline pressure in group 2 was better than that in group 3. We found no significant difference among the groups according to mean uninhibited contraction frequency. Conclusions: Although neuronal/glial restricted precursor transplanted rats seemed to have more improvement, all rats in groups 2 and 3 showed some significant improvement in lower urinary system function. On the other hand, the level of this improvement was far from complete functional recovery.
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    Effects of propranolol and paclitaxel on angiogenesis in breast cancer cell lines
    Simsek, F; Inan, S; Müftüoglu, S; Özbilgin, K; Vatansever, S; Tuglu, I
    Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propranolol (PR), which is used in infantile hemangiomas, and paclitaxel (PX), which is widely used as an chemotherapeutic agent, on cancer cells. Materials and Methods: That the cells counted with trypan blue the doubling time were determined. Also with MTT assay were analyzed the cytotoxic effect and IC50 value of drugs. In the breast cancer cell lines which are differents with regard to invasion (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) anti-VEGF, anti-eNOS, anti-iNOS and anti-ERK1/2 primer antibodies investigated by using immunohistochemical methods. To evaluation of immunoreactivity was used the H-scoring system. Results: With MTT test, IC50 values are applied to the cells dosage for MDA-MB-231 cells; PX: 5 nmol, PR: 50 mu m, and for MCF-7 cells PX: 3,7 nmol, PR: 50 mu m, were established. In immunohistochemical application, immunoreactivity of control group was increased with strong and/or stronger in the cancer cells, while those of in PX, PR and combine treatment was decreased either significant or very significant. Conclusion: With this study, application of anti chemotherapeutic therapy which is paclitaxel, in additon with anti angiogenic therapy in the treatment of breast cancer, vascular vasodilation, cell proliferation, migration, survival ultimately thought to be important in the prevention or reduce of angiogenesis.
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    Characterization of osteoblasts derived from bone marrow stromal cells in a modified cell culture system
    Deliloglu-Gurhan, SI; Vatansever, HS; Ozdal-Kurt, F; Tuglu, I
    Bone marrow is a complex tissue composed of hematopoietic and stromal. stem cells with the potential to differentiate into adipogenic, fibroblastic, reticular, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Identification of differentiation markers during transformation of stromal cells into osteoblasts in a time-dependent manner may be informative for cell-based tissue engineering. Therefore, we investigated the effects of osteogenic medium (OM) on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal. cells (BMSCs). BMSCs from adult mate rat tibia and femur were collected and cultured in alpha-MEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin, streptomycin and gentamycin. After three days of culture, the medium covering the adherent cells in culture was changed to OM containing dexamethasone, Na-beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid. As a control., cell. culture was also continued in the original. medium for the same time period. Differentiated osteoblast cells were collected after 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days of culture, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and their immunolabelling for osteoblast markers osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) was assessed using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoabelling of ON and OC was detectable from day 10 of culture, began to increase on day 14, and increased steadily through to day 21. Labelling was highest on day 30 and was more intense in cells cultured with OM compared to the culture without OM. The control cells cultured in the absence of OM produced negligible levels of both markers. In conclusion, our culture system facilitated differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts featuring osteoblast markers, and these cells may be useful in autologous bone implant for the treatment of bone wound heating. (C) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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    Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Application Areas
    Kivanç, M; Öztürk, S; Gökalp, S; Özdemir, I; Tuglu, I
    The use of stem cells derived from adipose tissue as an autologous and self-replenishing source for a variety of differentiated cell phenotypes, provides a great deal of promise for reconstructive surgery. The secret of the human body, stem cells are reserved. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells found in the human body placed in any body tissue characteristics that differentiate and win ever known to cross the tissue instead of more than 200 diseases and thus improve and, rejuvenates the tissues. So far, the cord blood of newborn babies are used as a source of stem cells, bone marrow, and twenty years after tooth stem cells in human adipose tissue, scientists studied more than other sources of stem cells in adipose tissue and discovered that. Increase in number of in vitro studies on adult stem cells, depending on many variables is that the stem cells directly to the desired soybean optimization can be performed.. We will conclude by assessing potential avenues for developing this incredibly promising field. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature on applications of harvest, purification, characterization and cryopreservation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs).
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    HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN GOBIUS NIGER (BLACK GOBY) DUE TO POLLUTION OF THE IZMIR BAY
    Katalay, S; Minareci, E; Tuglu, I; Segner, H
    The present study aims to investigate the possible impact of aquatic pollution of Izmir Bay on resident fish. Gobius niger were sampled from two stations of the Izmir Bay, and gills and liver were examined histopathologically. The presence of pathological lesions in gills and liver of the fish as possible result of pollutant exposure was evaluated by semiquantitative analyses. The only histopathological changes found were hyperplasia, hypertrophy (12.5%, 18.8%), epithelial degeneration (18.8%, 25%) in gill and fatty livers (12.5%, 25%) of the fishes from both study sites, respectively. The moderate manifestation of pathological lesions in organs of Gobius niger from the presumably Bostanli site may be either the result of substantial protective and detoxification capabilities of this fish species, or from recent measures to reduce water pollution in Izmir Bay such as the installment of wastewater treatment plants.
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    The effects of botulinum-A toxin on bladder function and histology in spinal cord injured rats: Is there any difference between early and late application?
    Temeltas, G; Tikiz, C; Dagci, T; Tuglu, I; Yavasoglu, A
    Purpose: We explored the effects of early and late application of botulinum-A toxin (BTX-A) on reservoir function and histological bladder changes in spinal cord injured rats. Materials and Methods: The study was done in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats randomly allocated into 5 groups. Group 1 of 6 rats underwent sham operation only. Group 2 of 6 rats underwent spinal cord transection. Group 3 of 6 rats underwent spinal cord transection followed by BTX-A application into the detrusor muscle 7 days later. Group 4 of 6 rats underwent spinal cord transection, followed by BTX-A application into the detrusor muscle 28 days later. Group 5 of 6 rats underwent spinal cord transection followed by saline injection into the detrusor muscle after 28 days. Spinal cord injury was created by transecting the cord at the T9 to T10 level. All rats underwent cystometric examination initially and on day 42 before sacrifice. The bladders were removed and examined histologically for fibrosis and hyperplasia. Results: On cystometric examination BTX-A caused an improvement in baseline pressure, and the frequency and amplitude of uninhibited detrusor contractions (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in maximal bladder capacity or urethral opening pressure (p > 0.05). Histologically BTX-A led to decreased fibrosis and hyperplasia (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between histological or cystometric among the groups with respect to receiving BTX-A in the early and late periods (p > 0.05). Conclusions: BTX-A has a functional and histological healing effect on detrusor hyperreflexia subsequent to spinal cord injury in rats. Although administering BTX-A in the early period had better quantifiable functional and histological outcomes compared to the late period, the difference was not statistically significant.
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    Assessment of lung toxicity caused by bleomycin and amiodarone by Tc-99m HMPAO lung scintigraphy in rats
    Gumuser, G; Vural, K; Varol, T; Parlak, Y; Tuglu, I; Topal, G; Sayit, E
    The purpose of the study was to determine the lung toxicity caused by amiodarone (AD) and bleomycin (BLM) in rats, by means of Tc-99m HMPAO lung scintigraphy. Thirty albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. After AD or BLM was dissolved with isotonic saline (SF), a 0.5 ml solution was applied to the right bronchus via a catheter. Group 1 (n = 5 rats) received a single dose of AD, group 2 (n = 5) received two doses of AD, group 3 (n = 9) received BLM, group 4 (n = 3) received hydrochloric acid (HCl), and group 5 (n = 8) received SF. Rats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 were given 37 MBq Tc-99m HMPAO from the tail vein on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, and at 4 and 24 h in group 4. Static images of 10 min duration were obtained at 30 and 60 min by a double-headed gamma camera (Infinia, GE, Tirat Hacermel, Israel) on 256 x 256 matrix. Regular regions of interests were drawn over the right lung (RL), left lung (LL) and the liver (Li), and lung/liver (L/Li) ratios were calculated. After the scintigraphic imaging procedures were completed, rats were killed. Lung tissues were evaluated on a scale of (+) to (+++++) for edema, alveolar structural integrity and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Groups 2 and 3 showed statistically significant differences in RL/Li and LL/Li ratios, whereby RL/Li was higher than LL/Li (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in RL/Li and LL/Li ratios in group 5 (p > 0.05). In histopathological examination, minimal damage or artifacts were observed in group 5. In group 4, almost all pathological findings were present in the right lung. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) histological differences were found when groups 1 and 5 were compared. More significant (p < 0.001) pathological effects were noted when groups 2 and 3 were compared to both groups 5 and 1. Injury was more prominent in the lung tissues of the control rats that were given HCl. Increased RL/Li ratios and histopathological findings were consistent. Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan are found to be useful in the identification of patients with lung toxicity. The simplicity of the procedure and lower radiation exposure are the advantages of Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan.
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    A comparison of the neuroablative effects of conventional and pulsed radiofrequency techniques
    Vatansever, D; Tekin, I; Tuglu, I; Erbuyun, K; Ok, G
    Objectives: To compare the neuroablative effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and conventional radiofrequency (CRF) techniques on the sciatic nerve, a peripheral nerve that includes motor, sensory, and autonomous fibers. Methods: The study consisted of 5 groups of 6 adult male Wistar rats. In the control group, no procedure was performed. In the sham group, electrode placement was the same as the other groups, but radiofrequency energy was not given to the rats. In the CRF40 group, 40 degrees C CRF was applied to the rats for 90 seconds. In the CRF80 group, 80 degrees C CRF was applied for 90 seconds. In the PRF group, the rats received 45 V PRF, which did not exceed 42 degrees C for 240 seconds. Two days later, sciatic nerve samples were taken. All specimens were evaluated both with light and electron microscopy. Sciatic nerve morphology was analyzed to compare the effects of CRF and PRF. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparing the means. Results: Minimal damage was observed in the control group, but damage increased in the sham group and became increasingly more distinct in the PRF, CRF40, and CRF80 groups. Discussion: Nerve tissues can be affected during any type of procedure, even during surgical applications. Our results suggest that PRF is less destructive than CRF for the peripheral nerves. However, this idea should also be investigated at the molecular level, and safety analysis should be performed for routine clinical practice.
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    Protective effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on smoking-induced lung injury in Wistar rats
    Yüksel, H; Ozbilgin, K; Coskun, S; Tuglu, I
    Increased activation of alveolar macrophage, neutrophil and mast cell has been proven in cigarette smoking (CS)-related lung disorders (CSLD). An increased production of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (LTs), which are mediators secreted from the mentioned cells, in response to CS has been shown in humans. The protective effect of LT1 receptor-1 antagonist (LTR-1AT) on CSLD is, however, not known. In this study we aimed to determine whether there is any protective effect of a LTR-1AT, montelukast (MK), on CSLD in Wistar rats. Nine controls and twenty-three smoke-exposed rats were enrolled into this study. Controls were exposed to non-filtered air, and the smoke-exposed rats were exposed to CS for 6 h/day, 6 days/week for three weeks. The CS-exposed rats were also treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day of MK or saline. Morphometric criteria for lung injury were determined as the mean linear intercept of alveolar septa (L-m), the volume density of alveolar septa (V-vspt) and the density of the alveolar surface area per unit volume of lung parenchyma (S-va.pa). Lung mast cells (LMC), which are a major source of Us, were also counted. Results showed that I'm of the control group was significantly lower and V-vspt, S-va.pa of the controls were significantly higher compared to those of the CS-exposed groups. Animals treated with MK had significant protection against CSLD. L-m was significantly higher and V-vspt, S-va.pa were lower in the saline group than in the MK-treated group. The number of LMC in the CS-exposed groups was also significantly higher than that in the control group. Based on these results, one can suggest that some part of the pathogenesis of CSLD may be related to an enhanced Us synthesis and LTR-1AT. Therefore, montelukast may protect against active or passive smoking-induced lung injury and related disorders.
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    The relation of oxidative stress and apoptosis to histopathologic alterations in the lungs as a result of global cerebral ischemia
    Yesil, H; Tuglu, I
    Heart attack and oxygen deficiency may cause necrosis in the brain and other tissues. We investigated the histopathological effects of nitric oxide (NO) on ischemia/reperfusion in lung and hippocampus using a rat brain bilateral occlusion ischemia model. Male rats were assigned to sham (SH), ischemic preconditioning (PC), global ischemia (GI) and ischemic reperfusion (IR) groups. Before ischemia was induced, blood was drawn to induce hypovolemic hypotension and for blood gas testing. After sacrifice, samples of hippocampus were harvested. Sections were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and immunostaining using primary antibodies for GFAP, S100 beta, iNOS, eNOS and the TUNEL method. Following ischemia, we found evidence of gliosis induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus. No significant differences were detected between the SH and PC groups. In the GI and IR groups, apoptosis and necrosis were observed in the hippocampus. Lung sections were stained with H & E and Masson's trichrome (MT) and immunostained for iNOS and eNOS. The TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis. Interstitial edema, vascular congestion, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, perivascular edema, neutrophil infiltration and disruption of alveoli were observed after global ischemia and ischemic reperfusion. Inflammatory cells were detected in the connective tissue. The IR and GI groups exhibited significantly more apoptotic cells than the SH or PC groups. Free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO), that appear following ischemia and reperfusion in the brain may also injure the lungs. Increased NO in both lung and brain tissue suggests that apoptosis in these organs can be induced by reactive nitrogen species.
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    Effect of growth hormone on small intestinal homeostasis relation to cellular mediators IGF-I and IGFBP-3
    Ersoy, B; Ozbilgin, K; Kasirga, E; Inan, S; Coskun, S; Tuglu, I
    AIM: To evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on the histology of small intestines which might be related to the role of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and its receptors. METHODS: Twelve week-old adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups. The study group (n = 10), received recombinant human growth hormone (rGH) at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day subcutaneously for 14 d and the control group (n = 10) received physiologic serum. Paraffin sections of jejunum were stained with periodic acid shift (PAS) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for light microscopy. They were also examined for IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-receptor immunoreactivities. Staining intensity was graded semi-quantitatively using the HS-CORE. RESULTS: Goblet cells and the cells in crypt epithelia were significantly increased in the study group compared to that of the control group. We have demonstrated an increase of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 immunoreactivities in surface epithelium of the small intestine by GH application. IGF-I receptor immunoreactivities of crypt, villous columnar cells, enteroendocrine cells and muscularis mucosae were also more strongly positive in the study group compared to those of in the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm the important trophic and protective role of GH in the homeostasis of the small intestine. The trophic effect is mediated by an increase in IGF-I synthesis in the small intestine, but the protective effect is not related to IGF-I. (C) 2009 The WIG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.