Browsing by Author "Tuglu I."
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Item The effect of tibolone on endometrial IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 levels in ovariectomized rats(2002) Kuşcu N.K.; Koyuncu F.M.; Inan S.; Tuglu I.; Uyar Y.; Ozbilgin K.Objective: The goal of this study was to search the effects of two different doses of tibolone on endometrial IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 levels in ovariectomized rats. Methods: Eighteen adult, female, 80-90-days-old, Wistar rats with an average weight of 250 g underwent bilateral ovariectomy under general anesthesia. After waiting for 4 weeks, they were randomized into three groups to receive either oral tibolone in two different doses or placebo. The treatment was continued for 5 weeks, and then the rats were sacrificed and the endometria were analyzed. Results: Low columnar epithelium of the endometrial surface, longer epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium were seen in the control, low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. The staining intensity of IGF-1 was mild in control, and moderate in both treatment groups, the difference between control the treatment groups was significant (P=0.015 for group L, and P=0.03 for group H). The staining intensity of IGFBP-1 was moderate in control, and strong in groups L and H. Again the difference was significant between control and both treatment groups (P=0.039 for grup L, and P=0.03 for group H). No significant difference was noted between each treatment group for both IGF-1 and IGFBP-1. Conclusion: Tibolone caused histological changes in endometrium and stimulated IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 staining. Both low and high dose treatments led to moderate and strong staining intensities for IGF-1 and IGFBP-1, respectively. The strong staining intensity of IGFBP-1 is likely due to the progestagenic effect of tibolone. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Item A histological analysis of the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning in the rat retina(2002) Toprak A.B.; Ozbilgin K.; Toprak V.; Tuglu I.; Guler C.Purpose. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) protects the retina from the damaging effect of subsequent ischemia in vivo. We aimed to investigate the histological alterations induced by the protective effect of IP to the retina. Methods. The eyes of the rats were rendered ischemic by intra-ocular pressure (IOP) elevation. IP procedure consisted of producing ischemia for 5 minutes. Sham operation was similar to IP procedure except the pressure elevation. The operational eyes of sham and IP group underwent 60 minutes of ischemia 24 hours after the first procedure. The eyes contralateral to the experimental eyes made up the control group. The eyes were histologically analysed one week after the ischemia. Results. The total retinal thickness of the sham group was significantly less than total retinal thickness of the control group (p < 0.001). There was not a significant difference between control and IP group regarding the total retinal thickness (p > 0.05). The thickness of the inner retinal layers of the sham group were significantly less than corresponding retinal layers of the control group (p < 0.001). The inner plexiform layer (IPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness values of the sham group were significantly less than same layers of the IP group (p < 0.001). Ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness of the IP group was significantly less than GCL thickness of the control group (p < 0.001). IPL thickness of the IP group was significantly less than that of control group's (p < 0.05). The GCL and total retinal thickness of the IP group were significantly more than thickness of the corresponding layers of the sham group (p < 0.05). Conclusion. IP considerably protects inner retinal layers from subsequent ischemic damage in a high IOP ischemic model. This endogenous process could further be utilized to tailor specific neuroprotective strategies for retinal cells.Item Protective Effect of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast on Smoking-Induced Lung Injury in Wistar Rats(2003) Yüksel H.; Ozbilgin K.; Coskun S.; Tuglu I.Increased activation of alveolar macrophage, neutrophil and mast cell has been proven in cigarette smoking (CS)-related lung disorders (CSLD). An increased production of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (LTs), which are mediators secreted from the mentioned cells, in response to CS has been shown in humans. The protective effect of LT1 receptor-1 antagonist (LTR-1AT) on CSLD is, however, not known. In this study we aimed to determine whether there is any protective effect of a LTR-1AT, montelukast (MK), on CSLD in Wistar rats. Nine controls and twenty-three smoke-exposed rats were enrolled into this study. Controls were exposed to non-filtered air, and the smoke-exposed rats were exposed to CS for 6 h/day, 6 days/week for three weeks. The CS-exposed rats were also treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day of MK or saline. Morphometric criteria for lung injury were determined as the mean linear intercept of alveolar septa (Lm), the volume density of alveolar septa (Vvspt) and the density of the alveolar surface area per unit volume of lung parenchyma (Sva.pa). Lung mast cells (LMC), which are a major source of LTs, were also counted. Results showed that Lm of the control group was significantly lower and Vvspt, Sva.pa of the controls were significantly higher compared to those of the CS-exposed groups. Animals treated with MK had significant protection against CSLD. Lm was significantly higher and Vvspt, Sva.pa were lower in the saline group than in the MK-treated group. The number of LMC in the CS-exposed groups was also significantly higher than that in the control group. Based on these results, one can suggest that some part of the pathogenesis of CSLD may be related to an enhanced LTs synthesis and LTR-1AT. Therefore, montelukast may protect against active or passive smoking-induced lung injury and related disorders.Item Clinical and histological changes of intrathecally administered gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) in normal rats(Centauro SRL, 2005) Mavioglu H.; Tuglu I.; Temiz C.; Ozbilgin K.; Cilaker S.; Selcuki D.; Selcuki M.Objectives: This study is carried out to explore clinical and histological changes induced in rats by intrathecal administration of Gd-DTPA via suboccipital spinal injection. 2.5, 5, 10 μmol/g-brain of Gd-DTPA were injected intrathecally to 43 adult male rats and sucrose as control solution with same volume and osmolarity were injected to 18 rats. Animals were sacrificed on day 4 and 14. Sections from the cortex, brain stem, cerebellum and medulla spinalis were obtained to examine for cell loss and apoptosis. In this study, no clinical abnormalities were observed in 69.8% of rats of Gd-DTPA group and in 83.3% of rats of sucrose group. Transient neurological signs such as ataxia and paresis were seen in 11.6% of rats in the Gd-DTPA group and in 5.5% of rats in the sucrose group. They were seen more frequently in the Gd-DTPA group especially in the highest dose and volume. Histological examination did not revealed necrosis or apoptosis in both groups. This study suggests that intrathecally administered Gd-DTPA may be safe in humans when lower doses per gram of brain are used than rats.Item The effects of botulinum-A toxin on bladder function and histology in spinal cord injured rats: Is there any difference between early and late application?(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005) Temeltas G.; Tikiz C.; Dagci T.; Tuglu I.; Yavasoglu A.Purpose: We explored the effects of early and late application of botulinum-A toxin (BTX-A) on reservoir function and histological bladder changes in spinal cord injured rats. Materials and Methods: The study was done in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats randomly allocated into 5 groups. Group 1 of 6 rats underwent sham operation only. Group 2 of 6 rats underwent spinal cord transection. Group 3 of 6 rats underwent spinal cord transection followed by BTX-A application into the detrusor muscle 7 days later. Group 4 of 6 rats underwent spinal cord transection, followed by BTX-A application into the detrusor muscle 28 days later. Group 5 of 6 rats underwent spinal cord transection followed by saline injection into the detrusor muscle after 28 days. Spinal cord injury was created by transecting the cord at the T9 to T10 level. All rats underwent cystometric examination initially and on day 42 before sacrifice. The bladders were removed and examined histologically for fibrosis and hyperplasia. Results: On cystometric examination BTX-A caused an improvement in baseline pressure, and the frequency and amplitude of uninhibited detrusor contractions (p <0.001). No significant differences were observed in maximal bladder capacity or urethral opening pressure (p >0.05). Histologically BTX-A led to decreased fibrosis and hyperplasia (p <0.001). No significant differences were found between histological or cystometric among the groups with respect to receiving BTX-A in the early and late periods (p >0.05). Conclusions: BTX-A has a functional and histological healing effect on detrusor hyperreflexia subsequent to spinal cord injury in rats. Although administering BTX-A in the early period had better quantifiable functional and histological outcomes compared to the late period, the difference was not statistically significant. Copyright © 2005 by American Urological Association.Item Cell division and cellular morphology of the chick retinal pigmented epithelial cells in culture. A time-lapse analysis(2005) Tuglu I.; Cezayirli E.; Vural K.; Gungor K.; Varol T.; Bekir N.Objective: To investigate the patterns of cell division, movement and shape during early stages of development of the chick embryo retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and to evaluate the morphology of dissociated embryonic cells with regard to their proliferation capacity. Methods: We conducted this study at the Department of Histology and Embryology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey, between 2002 and 2003. We isolated the cells from chick embryos. We analyzed the images of the embryonic cells originated from neuroepithelia using a computer-based time-lapse acquisition system attached to a differential interference contrast microscope. Results: Retinal pigmented epithelial cells, despite being dissociated, depict a colony-type growth. Cells in the periphery of the colony and those outside the colony showed a tendency to proliferate and migrate and retained contact with the neighboring cells during division. Characteristics of cytokinesis were separation from the neighboring cell while retaining an attachment point, became rounded, moved up and started to shake and ascend to disseminate to the substrate to complete the division. The round-up stage was non-significantly shorter when the cell was closer to the center of the colony. Cells that were in the periphery of, or outside the colony had a round-up time of over one hour while cytokinesis-to-adhesion time was around 5 minutes. However, when we found the cells in the center of the colony, the times were half-an-hour and 1.5 hours for the daughter cells, a 2-fold difference between daughter cells with regard to the duration of attachment. Conclusion: Cell division, migration and proliferation are complex procedures influenced by growth factors, cell adhesion, matrix molecules underneath and the signal mechanisms and can be studied in detail using time-lapse microscopy, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy.Item Characterization of osteoblasts derived from bone marrow stromal cells in a modified cell culture system(Elsevier GmbH, 2006) Deliloglu-Gurhan S.I.; Vatansever H.S.; Ozdal-Kurt F.; Tuglu I.Bone marrow is a complex tissue composed of hematopoietic and stromal stem cells with the potential to differentiate into adipogenic, fibroblastic, reticular, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Identification of differentiation markers during transformation of stromal cells into osteoblasts in a time-dependent manner may be informative for cell-based tissue engineering. Therefore, we investigated the effects of osteogenic medium (OM) on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). BMSCs from adult male rat tibia and femur were collected and cultured in α-MEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin, streptomycin and gentamycin. After three days of culture, the medium covering the adherent cells in culture was changed to OM containing dexamethasone, Na-β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid. As a control, cell culture was also continued in the original medium for the same time period. Differentiated osteoblast cells were collected after 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days of culture, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and their immunolabelling for osteoblast markers osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) was assessed using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoabelling of ON and OC was detectable from day 10 of culture, began to increase on day 14, and increased steadily through to day 21. Labelling was highest on day 30 and was more intense in cells cultured with OM compared to the culture without OM. The control cells cultured in the absence of OM produced negligible levels of both markers. In conclusion, our culture system facilitated differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts featuring osteoblast markers, and these cells may be useful in autologous bone implant for the treatment of bone wound healing. © 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Item The effect of osteogenic medium on the adhesion of rat bone marrow stromal cell to the hydroxyapatite(2006) Deliloglu-Gurhan I.; Tuglu I.; Vatansever H.S.; Özdal-Kurt F.; Ekren H.; Taylan M.; Sen B.H.Objective: To investigate the adhesive properties of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) on the hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and analyze their behavior. Methods: The study took place in the Department of the Histology and Embryology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa and in the Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey between 2004 and 2005. We cultured BMSC from the mature rat tibia and differentiated to the osteoblasts by osteogenic medium. The BMSCs were subcultured and were taken to the HA substrate. We measured their proliferation capacity and viability with MTT assay using the spectrophotometric method. Furthermore, we identified the osteoblast-like cells by inummohistochemical staining of osteonectin and osteocalcin and we analyzed the behavior of the cells on different sized HA particles by SEM at the end of 3 days incubation. Results: Osteogenic medium caused the proliferation capacity of BMSC to speed up and the effects appeared earlier. We confirmed the osteoblastic differentiation by staining of most cells with osteoblastic markers. Subcultured cells were similarly adhesive to the HA particles and the osteogenic medium did not alter this behavior. They spread on the substrate similarly. Most of the cells demonstrated the cytoplasmic protrusion. Morphology of the cells did not change much with or without osteogenic medium. Different sizes of HA particles did not affect the adhesive properties of these cells except HA gel. The spreading and attachment ratios of the cells on HA gel were more than the others. Conclusion: We found that there was heterogeneity in BMSC on differentiation capacity to the osteoblast, which was a sign of a subpopulation. Adhesive cells showed similar morphology and behavior under the effect of osteogenic medium. The only difference was the spreading capacity on the HA gel where cell used this substrate more effectively for adhesion.Item A comparison of the neuroablative effects of conventional and pulsed radiofrequency techniques(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008) Vatansever D.; Tekin I.; Tuglu I.; Erbuyun K.; Ok G.Objectives: To compare the neuroablative effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and conventional radiofrequency (CRF) techniques on the sciatic nerve, a peripheral nerve that includes motor, sensory, and autonomous fibers. Methods: The study consisted of 5 groups of 6 adult male Wistar rats. In the control group, no procedure was performed. In the sham group, electrode placement was the same as the other groups, but radiofrequency energy was not given to the rats. In the CRF40 group, 40°C CRF was applied to the rats for 90 seconds. In the CRF80 group, 80°C CRF was applied for 90 seconds. In the PRF group, the rats received 45 V PRF, which did not exceed 42°C for 240 seconds. Two days later, sciatic nerve samples were taken. All specimens were evaluated both with light and electron microscopy. Sciatic nerve morphology was analyzed to compare the effects of CRF and PRF. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparing the means. Results: Minimal damage was observed in the control group, but damage increased in the sham group and became increasingly more distinct in the PRF, CRF40, and CRF80 groups. Discussion: Nerve tissues can be affected during any type of procedure, even during surgical applications. Our results suggest that PRF is less destructive than CRF for the peripheral nerves. However, this idea should also be investigated at the molecular level, and safety analysis should be performed for routine clinical practice. © 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Item Bladder Function Recovery in Rats With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury After Transplantation of Neuronal-Glial Restricted Precursors or Bone Marrow Stromal Cells(2009) Temeltas G.; Dagci T.; Kurt F.; Evren V.; Tuglu I.Purpose: We investigated functional recovery of the lower urinary system in rats with spinal cord injury after transplanting neuronal restricted precursors/glial restricted precursors or neural cells derived from bone marrow stromal cells into the injured area of the spinal cord. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 rats underwent experimentation in 4 groups, including group 1-sham operation, group 2-spinal cord injury plus neuronal restricted precursor/glial restricted precursor transplantation, group 3-spinal cord injury plus bone marrow stromal cell transplantation and group 4-spinal cord injury control. All rats in the 4 groups were investigated urodynamically and sacrificed on day 28 after transplantation. The cells transplanted into the injured spinal cord underwent histological investigation. Results: Transplanted cells (neuronal and glial restricted precursors, and bone marrow stromal cells) were found to maintain a presence in the injured spinal cord area. Baseline pressure, maximum capacity, mean uninhibited contraction amplitude, mean voiding pressure, voided volume and post-void residual volume were significantly better in groups 2 and 3 than in group 4, while baseline pressure in group 2 was better than that in group 3. We found no significant difference among the groups according to mean uninhibited contraction frequency. Conclusions: Although neuronal/glial restricted precursor transplanted rats seemed to have more improvement, all rats in groups 2 and 3 showed some significant improvement in lower urinary system function. On the other hand, the level of this improvement was far from complete functional recovery. © 2009 American Urological Association.Item Neurotoxic effect of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea by neurite inhibition on the neuroblastoma cell line(2009) Kurt O.; Ozdal-Kurt F.; Tuglu I.; Deliloglu-Gurhan S.I.; Ozturk M.In the present study, antiproliferative, apoptotic and especially neurotoxic effects of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea dry and wet extracts on mouse neuroblastoma cell line, NA2B were investigated by neurotoxicity screening test (NST). C. racemosa var. cylindracea wet and dry extracts were obtained by methanol (MT) extraction. The effect of the extracts on viability and proliferation was measured by MTT. NA2B cells were induced to differentiate using 1 μM dcAMP and the amount of inhibition of growing neurites in different dilutions (50, 35, 25, 15, 10 and 5 μl/ml) by extracts was measured. The number of apoptotic cells was computed by TUNEL method using cells in culture. It was found that majority of the cells died with dry extract above the level of 15 μl/ml due to the MT effect. Below this level, on the other hand, presence of cell death and antiproliferative effect was noted due to the toxic effects of C. racemosa var. cylindracea which was independent of MT. In all doses of wet extracts, similar but less prominent dose-dependent effects were observed. Below the level of 15 μl/ml, mild toxic effect presented itself with neurite inhibition. In addition to the toxic, apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of C. racemosa var. cylindracea, its neurotoxic effects possessing property at low concentrations which manifesting itself by neurite inhibition was also showed. This species offers a potential for developing new drugs due to its antiproliferative, toxic and apoptotic effects. Nevertheless, its neurotoxic effect is a factor to be considered as multifunctional agents especially in neuronal metabolism. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2009.Item Effect of growth hormone on small intestinal homeostasis relation to cellular mediators IGF-I and IGFBP-3(Baishideng Publishing Group Co, 2009) Ersoy B.; Ozbilgin K.; Kasirga E.; Inan S.; Coskun S.; Tuglu I.AIM: To evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on the histology of small intestines which might be related to the role of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and its receptors. METHODS: Twelve week-old adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups. The study group ( n = 10), received recombinant human growth hormone (rGH) at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day subcutaneously for 14 d and the control group ( n = 10) received physiologic serum. Paraffin sections of jejunum were stained with periodic acid shift (PAS) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for light microscopy. They were also examined for IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-receptor immunoreactivities. Staining intensity was graded semi-quantitatively using the HSCORE. RESULTS: Goblet cells and the cells in crypt epithelia were significantly increased in the study group compared to that of the control group. We have demonstrated an increase of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 immunoreactivities in surface epithelium of the small intestine by GH application. IGF-I receptor immunoreactivities of crypt, villous columnar cells, enteroendocrine cells and muscularis mucosae were also more strongly positive in the study group compared to those of in the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm the important trophic and protective role of GH in the homeostasis of the small intestine. The trophic effect is mediated by an increase in IGF-I synthesis in the small intestine, but the protective effect is not related to IGF-I. © 2009 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.Item The effect of testosterone treatment on urodynamic findings and histopathomorphology of pelvic floor muscles in female rats with experimentally induced stress urinary incontinence(2011) Mammadov R.; Simsir A.; Tuglu I.; Evren V.; Gurer E.; Özyurt C.Objective In recent studies, it has been observed that androgen receptors are densely located in pelvic floor muscles. We aimed to investigate the effect of testosterone on urodynamic findings and histopathomorphology of pelvic floor muscles in rats with experimentally induced stress urinary incontinence. Materials and methods Twenty-eight adult female rats were randomized into four groups. Group I: rats in which SUI was induced and single-dose testosterone was administered 30 days later, group II: rats in which SUI was induced and single-dose testosterone was administered within the same session, group III: rats in which SUI was induced and saline was injected intramuscularly 30 days later, and group IV: the sham group. In order to demonstrate objectively the curative and preventive role of testosterone in experimental model of SUI, urodynamic examination and histopathomorphological evaluation of levator ani muscle were performed. Results Myofiber areas in groups I and II were detected to be significantly larger than those of the control group (P<0.001). Another parameter was leak point pressure value by urodynamy. Regarding this parameter, LPP values in groups 1, 2 and 4 were observed to be significantly higher than those of group 3 (P<0.001). The results of the comparison among groups 1, 2 and 4 revealed no significance (P>0.05), which indicates that testosterone provides continence in a similar way to the group in which sciatic nerve section was not performed. Conclusions In the present study, it has been demonstrated that testosterone has both preventive and curative effects on rat models of experimental SUI. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.Item Assessment of lung toxicity caused by bleomycin and amiodarone by Tc-99m HMPAO lung scintigraphy in rats(2013) Gumuser G.; Vural K.; Varol T.; Parlak Y.; Tuglu I.; Topal G.; Sayit E.Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the lung toxicity caused by amiodarone (AD) and bleomycin (BLM) in rats, by means of Tc-99m HMPAO lung scintigraphy. Methods: Thirty albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. After AD or BLM was dissolved with isotonic saline (SF), a 0.5 ml solution was applied to the right bronchus via a catheter. Group 1 (n = 5 rats) received a single dose of AD, group 2 (n = 5) received two doses of AD, group 3 (n = 9) received BLM, group 4 (n = 3) received hydrochloric acid (HCl), and group 5 (n = 8) received SF. Rats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 were given 37 MBq Tc-99m HMPAO from the tail vein on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, and at 4 and 24 h in group 4. Static images of 10 min duration were obtained at 30 and 60 min by a double-headed gamma camera (Infinia, GE, Tirat Hacermel, Israel) on 256 × 256 matrix. Regular regions of interests were drawn over the right lung (RL), left lung (LL) and the liver (Li), and lung/liver (L/Li) ratios were calculated. After the scintigraphic imaging procedures were completed, rats were killed. Lung tissues were evaluated on a scale of (+) to (+++++) for edema, alveolar structural integrity and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Results: Groups 2 and 3 showed statistically significant differences in RL/Li and LL/Li ratios, whereby RL/Li was higher than LL/Li (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in RL/Li and LL/Li ratios in group 5 (p > 0.05). In histopathological examination, minimal damage or artifacts were observed in group 5. In group 4, almost all pathological findings were present in the right lung. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) histological differences were found when groups 1 and 5 were compared. More significant (p < 0.001) pathological effects were noted when groups 2 and 3 were compared to both groups 5 and 1. Injury was more prominent in the lung tissues of the control rats that were given HCl. Increased RL/Li ratios and histopathological findings were consistent. Conclusion: Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan are found to be useful in the identification of patients with lung toxicity. The simplicity of the procedure and lower radiation exposure are the advantages of Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan. © 2013 The Author(s).Item Effect of Herbal Essential Oil mixture on Intestinal Mucosal Development, Growth Performance, and Weights of Internal Organs of Quails(Har Krishan Bhalla and Sons, 2014) Çabuk M.; Eratak S.; Alçiçek A.; Tuglu I.Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of herbal essential oil mixture on intestinal mucosal development, weights of the internal organs, carcass characteristics, and growth performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 276 quails that were 1 day old were studied. The quails were weighed and divided into 3 groups, each with 4 replicates, consisting of a control, antibiotic (avilamycin 10 mg/kg diet), and the essential oil mixture (EOM) at 48 mg/kg diet. Supplementation with EOM and antibiotic significantly increased goblet cell size and goblet cell number on day 38. Villi height, villi width, and crypt depth were not affected by any treatment. Quails receiving the diet containing EOM and antibiotic were significantly heavier than those fed the control diet on days 28 and 38. No significant effects of the dietary treatments on feed intake were observed. Moreover, addition of EOM and antibiotic to the quail diet resulted in a significantly better feed conversion ratio than that of the control on days 28 and 38. No differences were observed for carcass yield or liver, gizzard, and small intestine weights. Beneficial effects of the EOM were observed in goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa. © 2014, © 2014 Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons.Item In vitro cytotoxicity of guttaflow bioseal, guttaflow 2, AH-Plus and MTA fillapex(Iranian Association of Endodontics, 2017) Saygili G.; Saygili S.; Tuglu I.; Capar I.D.Introduction: The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different sealers including GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex on L929 murine fibroblasts. Methods and Materials: Samples of GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex were fabricated in Teflon disks of 5 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness. L929 fibroblasts were exposed to the extracts of these materials for 3, 24, 72 and 168 h at 37° C with 5% CO2. Cell viability was evaluated by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The data were analysed by ANOVA. Results: GuttaFlow Bioseal was nontoxic at all experimental time points (P>0.05), whereas MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus were toxic (P<0.001). At 7 days, there were more viable cells in the GuttaFlow 2 group than in the control group, and MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than AH-Plus. There were more apoptotic cells in the MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus groups than in the other groups at 3 h (P<0.001). Conclusion: GuttaFlow sealers are less cytotoxic than MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus. At all experimental time points, there was no significant difference in the cell viability between the GuttaFlow Bioseal group and the control group. © 2017, Iranian Association of Endodontics. All rights reserved.Item Apoptosis of colon cancer cells under the effect of geldanamycin derivate(Comenius University, 2017) Kosova F.; Kasar Z.; Tuglu I.; Ozdal Kurt F.; Gok S.; Ari Z.; Imren T.AIM: The apoptotic effect of geldanamycin derivative may be important for the colorectal cancer therapy. The mechanisms of apoptosis require understanding of the behavior of colon cancer cell line Colo-205 which mimics colon adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the effect of IC50 dose of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17- AAG) on the colon cancer cells in vitro was studied for its anti-apoptotic activity. METHOD: Apoptotic ratio of the Colo-205 cells was determined after 17-AAG application with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and apoptosis related genes. Apoptosis signal path related key mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome c, bcl-2, caspase 9 and Apaf-1 expression were examined with RT-PCR method. RESULTS: 17-AAG caused induction of cell death. Apoptotic related genes such as cytochrome-c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9 protein expressions were increased signifi cantly (p < 0.05) and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression was decreased signifi cantly (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that the application of 17-AAG on Colo-205 cells showed anticancer effect by the apoptosis due to alteration of apoptotic genes. CONCLUSION: The apoptotic effect of 17-AAG as an natural product for alternative medicine would be very important for the success and quality of life during the treatment of colon carcinoma with the combination of anticancer drugs.Item Low Mononuclear Cell IL-18 and IL-27 Response in Children: Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection after Contact(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2019) Karabacak H.A.; Yilmaz O.; Tuglu I.; Taneli F.; Surucuoglu S.; Kanik E.T.; Ozkutuk N.; Gozukara C.; Ozkut M.M.; Turkeli A.; Yuksel H.Background Identification of the immune response against tuberculosis is vital to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The objective of this study was to determine IL (interleukin)-18 and IL-27 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to early secreted antigen (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) stimulation in children with a (+) or (-) tuberculin skin test (TST) with in-house tuberculosis contact. Methods We enrolled 40 children aged 1 to 5 years who had an in-house contact with a tuberculous adult. Blood samples were obtained from all children for QuantiFERON tuberculosis (TB) gold in tube (QFT-GIT), and peripheral blood mononuclear blood cell culture tests. The subjects were grouped as TST (-) QFT-GIT (-), TST (+) QFT-GIT (-), and TST (+) QFT-GIT (+). Supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture was separated with and without stimulation of ESAT-6 and CFP-10, and IL-18 and IL-27 levels were measured with enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) test. Results The study group included 22 boys and 18 girls with mean age 4.25 ± 0.9 years. IL-18 and IL-27 levels were statistically significant in ESAT-6/CFP-10-stimulated supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples among the three groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.007, respectively). IL-18 levels between the TST (-) QFT-GIT (-) and TST (+) QFT-GIT (+) groups were significantly different (p = 0.026). Both IL-18 and IL-27 levels were significantly different between ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulated PBMC supernatants of TST (-) QFT-GIT (-) and TST (+) QFT-GIT (-) groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion Low IL-18 and IL-27 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may play a role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after in-house contact. © 2019 by Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart. New York.Item Histological investigation of experimentally induced diabetes effects on the distribution of transforming growth factor (TGFβ), nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κb), heat schock 90β (hsp90β) and e-cadherin proteins in testicular tissue; [Investigación histológica de los efectos de la diabetes inducida experimentalmente en la distribución del factor de crecimiento transformante (TGFβ), nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κb), y proteinas heat schock 90β (hsp90β) y e-cadherina en tejido testicular](Universidad de la Frontera, 2021) Toros P.; Oltulu F.; Tuglu I.; Uysal A.; Özçinar E.; Turgan N.; Rouhrazi H.; Aktug H.Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels and it causes complications in many systems, including the reproductive system. As a result of diabetic conditions, one of the mechanisms that can cause repression of reproductive activity is testicular oxidant stress. The identification of diabetes on the cell signaling molecules axis is still under discussion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Transforming Growth Factor (TGFβ), Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB), Heat-schock 90β (HSP90β) signal pathways and E-cadherin cell adhesion molecule on infertility in diabetic rat testicular tissue. In our study, includes histological, molecular and biochemical analysis of testicular tissue removed at the end of the 2 weeks experiment period. A total of 14 adult male rats were divided as control and diabetes. No intervention was given to 7 male rats in the control group. For the diabetic group, 7 male rats were injected by intraperitoneal with a single dose of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). TGFβ, NF-κB, HSP90β and E-cadherin proteins were immunohistochemically studied to investigate possible tissue damage, inflammatory process, cell stabilization and integrity due to diabetes. In order to determine oxidant stress, lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) analyzes were performed. Fibrosis, inflammatory changes and loss of spermatogenetic series are prominent findings in the diabetic group. On analysis of all the samples with immunostaining, in the diabetic group, TGFβ and NF-κB immunoexpression significantly increased, while Hsp90β and E-cadherin immunoexpression significantly decreased compared with control groups. Experimental diabetes was found to cause fibrosis, inflammation, disrupting cell adhesion and stabilization in testicular tissue. These results suggest that cellular therapy studies are needed for possible damage. © 2021, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.