Browsing by Author "Tuglu M.I."
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Item Statin treatment reduces oxidative stress-associated apoptosis of sciatic nerve in diabetes mellitus(2011) Grpinar T.; Ekerbiçer N.; Harzadin N.U.; Barut T.; Tarakçi F.; Tuglu M.I.Statins are lipid-lowering drugs that are widely used for treating hyperlipidemia, especially in diabetic patients. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of atorvastatin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the sciatic nerve due to hyperglycemia. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Atorvastatin was given orally for two weeks beginning from the sixth week. Microscopic examination of sciatic nerve revealed that normal tissue organization was disrupted in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Treatment with Atorvastatin reduced the histological damage and protected the morphological integrity of the sciatic nerve in streptozotocin induced diabetes. Increased expressions of transforming growth factor beta-1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and TUNEL in sciatic nerve from streptozotocin induced diabetes were reduced by Atorvastatin. Atorvastatin could improve the effects of oxidative stress and apoptosis on the sciatic nerve due to diabetes. © 2011 The Biological Stain Commission.Item Neurotoxic effect of statins on mouse neuroblastoma NB2a cell line(2011) Vural K.; Tuglu M.I.Objective: Evidences from cell culture experiments suggest a link between cholesterol and nervous system disease. Statins may have neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects, but these effects remain controversial. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the possible toxicity of statins on a neurite outgrowth in mouse neuroblastoma NB2a cell line. Materials and Methods: We have utilized d-cAMP-induced terminally differentiated NB2a cells in culture as an experimental model to study the effects of statins. The cell survival and proliferation were studied by MTT. Measurement of neurite outgrowth was done by neurotoxicity screening test. NB2a cell differentiation was achieved by serum free medium plus 0.5 mM dibutyryl cAMP. Cells were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After this period, lovastatin, mevastatin and atorvastatin were added to wells at different concentrations (1, 3, 10, 100 μM). Approximately 100 cells were chosen for each sample and examined randomly 24 hours later, from 10 different fields. Total length of neurite was photographed microscopically and measured by image analyze software. Changes in neurite lengths were expressed as % inhibition compared to that of the control group. Results: Results showed that three statins at high concentrations induced neurite inhibition, inhibited proliferation and reduced the viability of differentiated neuroblastoma NB2a cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that statins could act as a neurotoxic agent at high doses depending upon their concentrations. These results require further investigation at ultra structural and molecular levels to understand long term side effects for clinical safety of statins.Item The effects of the melatonin treatment on the oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic eye and brain(Hindawi Limited, 2012) Gürpinar T.; Ekerbiçer N.; Uysal N.; Barut T.; Tarakçi F.; Tuglu M.I.Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of complications in diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant therapy has been thought to decrease oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of melatonin (MLT) on oxidative stress in diabetic rat eye and brain tissue by using immunohistochemical methods. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, (STZ,55mg/kg/i.p) in adult rats. MLT was given 10mg/kg/i.p once a day for 2 weeks beginning from the sixth week. Six weeks later, rats were divided into three groups: control (CR), STZ-induced diabetic (STZ), and STZ-induced diabetic group received melatonin (STZ+MLT). Although no significant difference was observed with respect to antioxidant status, NOS activity tended to be higher in the untreated diabetic rats than in the treated rats. It was observed that MLT treatment improved the histopathological changes including apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain and eye in diabetic rat. Copyright © 2012 Tuba Grpnar et al.Item Comparison of nephron-protective effects of enalapril and glp analogues (exenatide) in diabetic nephropathy(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2014) Çavusoglu T.; Erbas O.; Karadeniz T.; Akdemir O.; Acikgoz E.; Karadeniz M.; Tuglu M.I.; Ates U.Background: One of the major concerns is a nephropathy in diabetes, which applies many different kinds of medicines. However, required level of the treatment of renal disease has not been achieved. Aim: To investigate and compare the effect of the enalapril and the exenatide on diabetic nephropathy in rats developed diabetes by streptozosin. Material and Methods: 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) Control, (2) Diabetic (DM), (3) DM+ Enalapril, and (4) DM+ exenatide groups. Then, the animals were euthanized and their blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for blood glucose; blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinin, and nephrectomy were performed for histopathologic examination, and urine samples were taken on stick for proteinuria. Results: Administration of the enalapril or the exenatide in diabetic rats resulted in a significant reduction both fibronectin, induced nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) expression in glomerular area and urine protein levels. It was shown that both of enalapril and exenatide protected the renal glomerulus more than diabetic group in the nephropathy histopathologically. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of enalapril and exenatide which reduces fibronectin, i-NOS expression and urine protein levels or increases recovery of glomerules, might be used for preventing the harmful effects of diabetic nephropathy. © 2014 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.Item Experimental comparison of protective characteristics of enalapril and trimetazidine in diabetic nephropathy(Informa Healthcare, 2014) Karadeniz T.; Cavusoǧlu T.; Turkmen E.; Uyanikgil Y.; Karadeniz M.; Akdemir O.; Tuglu M.I.; Ates U.; Erbas O.Hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and inflammation have been proposed to account for the development of nephropathy in diabetic subjects. The beneficial effects of enalapril on diabetic nephropathy are known. However, the effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) are still unknown. We aimed at comparing the effects of the enalapril and TMZ treatment on fibronectin expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, urine proteinuria, blood glucose and glomerular, and mesangial structures of kidney in rats that take streptozotocin (STZ). In this study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley albino mature rats of 8 weeks, weighing 200-220 g were used. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) for 24 rats. We made four groups (Group 1: control, non-diabetic rats (n = 8), Group 2: diabetes, without treatment (n = 8), Group 3: diabetes treatment with enalapril (n = 8), Group 4: diabetes treatment with TMZ (n = 8). The positive effects of renal tissue and tubules in the mesangium immunohistochemical were shown in TMZ receiving rat groups. These positive effects were in parallel with the reduction in fibronectin and I-NOS expression and reduction in the proteinuria. TMZ and enalapril treatment of diabetic rats and renal parenchyma in this study are shown to have positive effects on the different levels. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved.Item The Protective Effect of Losartan on Diabetic Neuropathy in a Diabetic Rat Model(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2015) Cavusoglu T.; Karadeniz T.; Cagiltay E.; Karadeniz M.; Yigitturk G.; Acikgoz E.; Uyanikgil Y.; Ates U.; Tuglu M.I.; Erbas O.Aim: Involvement of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems is possibly the most frequent complication of diabetes. Important risk factors included hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE) inhibitors should be beneficial in all vascular beds, including neuropathy and retinopathy. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan on diabetic neuropathy in a diabetic rat model. Material and Methods: 24 male, Sprague Dawley albino mature rats were divided into 3 groups; (1) control group: No drug was administered to the remainder of rats which blood glucose levels were under 120mg/dl, (2) diabetic control: rats were given no medication, but 4ml per day of tap water was given by oral gavage, (3) losartan groups: rats were given 10mg/kg/day oral of losartan for 4 weeks. Electromyography (EMG) was applied to anesthetized rats at the end of 4th weekend. Then, the animals were euthanized and sciatic nerve was performed for histopathological examination. Results: Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) amplitude of diabetic rats receiving the Saline in the EMG was significantly reduced when compared to the control group. Distal latency value and CMAP duration of diabetic rats receiving the saline were meaningfully increased when compared to the control group. CMAP amplitude and CMAP duration of diabetic rats receiving the Losartan treatment in the EMG were meaningfully reduced when compared to diabetic rats receiving the Saline. Perineural thickness in the rats receiving the Losartan treatment was found to be significantly reduced when compared to the group receiving the Saline. Conclusions: As a result, it has been shown in this study that perineural thickness of the Losartan treatment was significantly reduced when compared to saline receiving group, significantly increased the immunoexpression of NGF, and also provided a significantly recovery in EMG when compared to Saline receiving group. © J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart, New York.Item Effects of lacosamide “a novel antiepileptic drug” in the early stages of chicken embryo development(Springer Verlag, 2016) Mete M.; Gurcu B.; Collu F.; Unsal U.U.; Duransoy Y.K.; Tuglu M.I.; Selcuki M.Introduction: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are teratogens and confer a risk of congenital malformation. The estimated prevalence of major congenital malformations such as cardiac defects, facial clefts, hypospadias, and neural tube defects in epileptic women is 4–10 %, which represents a two- to fourfold increase in pregnant women compared to the general population. However, there are no clear data for newer drugs. Lacosamide (LCM), a novel AED, is the first of the third-generation AEDs to be approved as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. There are no data on the pharmacokinetics of LCM during pregnancy, and only some published data have reported on its effects during pregnancy. Methods: In this study, three different doses of LCM (0.12, 0.5, and 1.60 mg in 0.18 mL) were applied under the embryonic disks of specific pathogen-free Leghorn chicken embryos after a 30-h incubation. Incubation was continued for 80 h, at which time all embryos were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Results: There was growth retardation in all of the LCM-treated groups. Major malformations increased in a dose-dependent manner and were mostly observed in the supratherapeutic group. Conclusion: Based on our data, LCM may cause growth retardation or major congenital malformations. Nevertheless, more extensive investigations of its reliability are needed. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item Compression of the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field and pulsed radio frequency energy on wound healing in rats; [Darbeli elektromanyetik alan ve darbeli radyofrekans uygulamalarinin siçanlarda yara iyileşme etkilerinin karşilaştirmasi](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Gumusay M.; Gulbagca F.; Saygili S.; Aydemir I.; Kaya A.; Tuglu M.I.Delayed or not sufficiently good wound healing is a significant problem in medical treatment is needed to support in order to improve healing. Low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) applications are seems to give this support. Disturbed vascularization, connective tissue formation, matrix exchange, and inflammation process in the wound environment are modified after EMF applications compared with control groups. Deteriorations in these factors which can be returned with the electrical impulses, DNA synthesis, transcription and transforms of protein synthesis, increasing of fibroblasts and endothelial cell proliferation indicate the presence of EMF mechanisms. Since the application and ambient conditions are kept constant but the type of the application has been changed in our study, it was provided that pulsed radio frequency energy (PRFE) is more effective and has more long-term improvement compared to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF). The effects of these applications on cells and understanding of the mechanisms of the behavior will be much more significant and meaningful contribute to the treatment. © 2016 IEEE.Item Development of electromagnetic field system for providing wound healing on created wound model rat skin and sensor application; [Sicąn Derisinde Olusturulan Yara Modeli Üzerinde Iyilesme Saglanmasi için Elektromanyetik Alan Sistemi Gelistirilmesi ve Sensör Uygulamasi](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Gumusay M.; Gulbagca F.; Aydemir I.; Saygili S.; Kaya A.; Tuglu M.I.Electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation are formed by the acceleration of electric charge. Electric charges produce electric and magnetic energy in space when they move. These waves have different frequencies and wavelengths and when they interact with an object they can be refracted, reflected or absorbed. When a suitable frequency and waveform EM signal is applied to the target tissue with the help of a coil or applicator physiological effects will occur at the cellular size. Today studies revealed significant molecular mechanisms occurring during wound healing. Non-ionizing part of the EM spectrum is low-frequency electromagnetic fields are used as adjunct therapy in soft tissue injuries. In this study, the main goal is development of systems which will give better results compared with conventional treatment methods taking into account the effect on rat skin. To achieve this, some improvements in output power, increased gain, versatility, easy adjustments are provided for the spiral and planar antenna-applicator design. © 2016 The Chamber of Turkish Electrical Engineers.Item Design of coils driven by pulsed electromagnetic field generator and the effect of wound healing in rats; [Darbeli elektromanyetik alan jeneratörü ile sürülen bobin tasarimlari ve siçanlarda yara iyileşme etkileri](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Gumusay M.; Gulbagca F.; Saygili S.; Aydemir I.; Kaya A.; Tuglu M.I.Chronic wound healing is an important problem especially in diabetic and the elderly which is needed development of the current treatment methods. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) has a significant impact on our body. These fields are being used for bone problems, cartilage regeneration, and pain removal for physiotherapy purposes. Lately, EMFs are often used in in vitro and in vivo assays. In this study, in vivo test results of the applied pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) with our designed Helmholtz coil array system are given. The skin wound healing conducted in rats as an experimental model provides important information for evaluating the efficacy and mechanism of these kind of treatments. For this purpose, effectiveness of PEMF compared to control groups on experimental skin healing effect was examined macroscopically. Compared with the control groups a faster wound healing process was followed by PEMF application at 75 Hz frequency. © 2016 IEEE.Item The effect of electro magnetic fields on cell behaviour; [Elektro Manyetik Alanlarin Hücre Davranisina Etkisi](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Tuglu M.I.; Gulbagca F.; Sal D.H.; Saygili S.; Sonmez P.K.; Aydemir I.; Ozkut M.; Ozturk S.; Gumusay M.; Kaya A.; Keskin N.The biologic effects of electomagnetic fields application on medical field has been increased. Their effect on medical treatment depends on cell behaviour which can be observed by in vivo and in vitro studies. Their effect on the stem cells and the cell lines and the organs of experimental animals with morphological alterations are helpful to understand cell behaviour. The behaviour of the cells can be analyse at ultrastructural level by scaning electron microscopy. Application of electomagnetic fields cause increase of proliferation, migration and improvement of wound healing with beneficial effects while they cause oxidative stress and cell death including apoptosis for cancer cells in different types of cell line. The minimal side effect with maximum beneficial treatment of these products suggest that they could be very useful for clinical trials. © 2016 IEEE.Item Design of antenna-applicator for electromagnetic field applications and excitation model for rat and heat transfer analysis; [Elektromanyetik Alan Uygulamalari için Anten-Aplikatör Tasarimi, Sicąn için Uyartim Modeli ve Isi Daglimi Analizi](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Gumusay M.; Gulbagca F.; Aydemir I.; Saygili S.; Kaya A.; Tuglu M.I.There has been only a few technical progress which contribute to wound healing in the last century. Despite these advances wound healing is very hard issue to study because of its subjectivity, diversity and complexity of the wound healing process and diversity of patients. Molecules are insufficient in the chronic wound and unlike other cells multiplying endothelial cells interrupt the healing process. To restart this process, cells can be excitated by pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation method. When a suitable frequency and waveform electromagnetic field (EMF) signal is applied to the target tissue with the help of a coil or applicator physiological effects occurs at the cellular size. Low-frequency electromagnetic fields are non-ionizing part of the EM spectrum and they are used as adjunct therapy in soft tissue injuries. In this study, an antenna-applicator design was performed and the effect of non-thermal pulsed radio frequency energy (PRFE) system to the wound created rat skin was examined. © 2016 The Chamber of Turkish Electrical Engineers.Item Effects of electromagnetic fields application on experimental varicocele model in rats; [Sicanlarda Deneysel Varikosel Modelinde Elektromanyetik Alan Uygulamalarinin Etki](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Gulbagca F.; Sal D.H.; Saygili S.; Sonmez P.K.; Aydemir I.; Ozkut M.; Ozturk S.; Gumusay M.; Kaya A.; Tuglu M.I.Varicocele is the most clinical condition which can be treated by surgery. The frequency in male is 20%. The half of infertile patient has this pathology which there is dilatation in plexus pampiniformis veins of testes. Varicocele causes increase of heat or increse of oxidative stres in seminifer tubules where they produce pathology for spermatogenesis. Low frequency magnetic fields are useful for the treatment of many area where they become important role. In this study the effect of low frequency magnetic fields on the experimental varicocele model of rat testes was investigated. The parameters for oxidative stres suggest eNOS and iNOS with apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. There was increaese in eNOS, iNOS and apoptosis by the varicocele experiment where there was testicular damage and low frequency magnetic fields caused decrease in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Application of magnetic fields can help the clinical varicocele pathologies either with treatment or supportive effect. © 2016 IEEE.Item Design of pulsed electromagnetic field generator and applicator and the effect of wound healing; [Darbeli Elektromanyetik Alan ve Aplikatör Tasar?mlar? ve Yara Iyileşme Etkileri](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Kaya A.; Tuglu M.I.; Kaya D.Today, biomedical devices have become an issue where system manufacturers are working intensively. At present, many domestic and foreign biomedical companies offer various EMA products. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) has a significant impact on our body. These fields are being used for bone problems, cartilage regeneration, and pain removal for physiotherapy purposes. Lately, EMFs are often used in in vitro and in vivo assays. In this study, in vivo test results of the applied pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) with our designed Helmholtz coil array system are given. The skin wound healing conducted in rats as an experimental model provides important information for evaluating the efficacy and mechanism of these kind of treatments. For this purpose, effectiveness of PEMF compared to control groups on experimental skin healing effect was examined macroscopically. Compared with the control groups a faster wound healing process was followed by PEMF application at 75 Hz frequency. © 2017 IEEE.Item Neuroprotective effects of oleocanthal, a compound in virgin olive oil, in a rat model of traumatic brain injury(Turkish Neurosurgical Society, 2018) Mete M.; Aydemir I.; Unsal U.U.; Collu F.; Vatandas G.; Gurcu B.; Duransoy Y.K.; Taneli F.; Tuglu M.I.; Selcuki M.AIM: To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of deocanthal OC in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL and METHODS: Twenty-six adult male, Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the sham group (n = 5). Group 2 was the trauma group (n = 5) where rats were treated with 10 mg/kg saline intraperitoneally (IP) twice a day. Groups 3 and 4, rats were treated with 10 (group 3, n = 8) or 30 (group 4, n = 8) mg/kg OC IP twice a day. For each group, brain samples were collected 72 hours after injury. Brain samples and blood were evaluated with histopathological and biochemical methods. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation revealed a significant difference between Group 2 and Group 4. Biochemical findings demonstrated that the oxidative stress index was highest in Group 2 and lowest in Group 4. CONCLUSION: OC has a protective effect on neural cells after TBI. This effect is achieved by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. © 2018 Turkish Neurosurgical Society.Item Punicic acid inhibits glioblastoma migration and proliferation via the PI3K/AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Mete M.; Unsal U.U.; Aydemir I.; Sönmez P.K.; Tuglu M.I.Background: Punicic Acid (PA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that accounts for approximately 70%- 80% of Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO). PA possesses strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic effects, and anti-tumorigenic properties. Pomegranate extracts have been shown to have anticancer activity in many studies. However, there is no evidence for the effect of PSO on T98 glioblastoma cells. Therefore, the present study was the first to investigate the mechanisms induced by PA on T98 cells, which is one of the major compounds extracted from PSO. Methods: The effects of PA on cell viability; oxidative stress; and migration, proliferation, and apoptosis at the IC50 dose were studied. Results: The proliferation and migration were inhibited in the treated group compared to the non-treated group by 9.85μl/ml PA. The difference was statistically significant (***p<0.001). Furthermore, PA-induced apoptosis in the T98 glioblastoma cells compared to non-treated group and the difference was statistically significant (***p<0.001). Apoptosis was determined via immunocytochemistry staining of caspase-3, caspase-9 and TUNEL methods. Apoptosis was checked by flow cytometry (using caspase 3 methods) and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis. We also investigated the potential signaling pathway underlying this apoptotic effect. The immunocytochemical stainings of PI3K/ Akt-1/ mTOR-1 demonstrated that Akt-1 staining was increased with PA treatment similar to mTOR-1 and PI3K staining (***p<0.001). These increases were statistically significant compared to the non-treated group. Conclusion: PA exhibited exceptional abilities as an anticancer agent against GBM cells. The use of punicic acid in combination with other drugs used in the treatment of glioblastoma may increase the efficacy of the treatment. This study provided a basis for future investigation of its use in preclinical and clinical studies. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.Item Estimating Chemotherapy Side Effect in Histopathologically Diagnosed Patients over 65 with Metastatic Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning; [Derin Öǧrenme ile Histopatolojik Olarak Tani Konmuş 65 Yaş Üstö Metastatik Meme Kanseri Hastalarinda Kemoterapi Yan Etkisini Öngörme](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Beduk H.; Beduk M.S.; Dirican A.; Tuglu M.I.Breast cancer has become one of the increasing social health problems. Breast cancer cases are increasing every year in Turkey, one in 8 women develops breast cancer and every year, 25,000 new breast cancer cases are diagnosed. Increased obesity and menopausal age, decreased fertility, environmental and genetic factors also increase the rate of breast cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is of great importance.Deep learning is a part of machine learning that began to be used in the early 2010s. It is a method that provides more effective inferences by using machine learning methods with the help of multiple layers. With deep learning, very realistic results were obtained in estimations based on historical data. As in many other fields, deep learning methods have been used in the field of medicine.In this study, it is aimed to make an analysis study to predict side effects in patients who are given chemotherapy by using deep learning methods in breast cancer patients diagnosed over 65 years. As a result of this study, it was aimed to give an idea to physicians whether or not to apply chemotherapy to breast cancer patients over 65 years. In this study, a two-class problem, positive and negative, was discussed and as a result 74% accuracy was obtained. This is the first study on this subject, there is no previous study on whether breast cancer should be given with deep learning in the elderly with breast cancer. © 2019 IEEE.Item Inhibiting effect of oleocanthal on neuroblastoma cancer cell proliferation in culture(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2020) Ünsal Ü.Ü.; Mete M.; Aydemir I.; Duransoy Y.K.; Umur A.Ş.; Tuglu M.I.We investigated the potential anticancer effects of oleocanthal (OC) on neuroblastoma cells. Cells were divided into four groups: group 1, neuroblastoma cells were treated with OC; group 2, neurons that differentiated from neuroblastoma cells were treated with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS); group 3, bone marrow derived neuronal (BMDN) cells that were differentiated from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with OC; group 4, BMDN cells that were differentiated from BMSCs were treated with PBS. Groups 2 and 4 were control groups. The effects of OC on cell viability, oxidative stress, neurite inhibition and apoptosis at IC50 dose were investigated using MTT analysis, i-NOS and e-NOS measurement, neurotoxicity screening test (NST) and TUNEL staining, respectively. MTT analysis demonstrated that cells were significantly less viable in group 1 than in group 3. i-NOS and e-NOS staining intensity was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 3. NST revealed that OC inhibited neurite growth in both neuroblastoma and BMND cells; inhibition was significantly less in group 3 than in group 1. Significantly more TUNEL labeled cells were found in group 1 than in group 3. We found that OC prevented growth and proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in culture by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. We also found that the cytotoxicity of OC is negligible in BMDN cells. © 2019, © 2019 The Biological Stain Commission.Item Adjuvant effects of chemotherapeutics and metformin on MFE-319 endometrial carcinoma cell line(Editura Academiei Romane, 2020) Aydemir I.; Uluer E.T.; Korkmaz O.; Tuglu M.I.; Inan S.We aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of Metformin, Cisplatin, and Paclitaxel on MFE-319 endometrial carcinoma cell line using 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and immunocytochemistry assays. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) doses of three drugs alone and in the dual combinations were applied to the cells. Immunocytochemical method was performed for the cell survival and for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinases (pErk)-1/2, Akt-1, phosphorylated Akt (pAkt)-1/2/3 cell growth markers and angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immunoreactivities were evaluated using H-score and analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for statistics. It was found that these drugs caused a decrease in the immunoreactivities of these markers. Particularly, dual combination of Paclitaxel and Cisplatin decreased the immunoreactivities of PI3K, pErk-1/2, Akt-1, and pAkt-1/2/3. Cisplatin and Paclitaxel were more effective than Metformin; on the other hand, Metformin has been shown to enhance the efficacy of these two drugs. In vitro or in vivo further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of these three drugs via PI3K/Akt signal pathway. © 2020, Editura Academiei Romane. All rights reserved.Item Effect of Different Dentin Conditioning Agents on Growth Factor Release, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attachment and Morphology(Elsevier Inc., 2020) Atesci A.A.; Avci C.B.; Tuglu M.I.; Ozates Ay N.P.; Eronat A.C.Introduction: EDTA has been considered the gold standard in regenerative endodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dentin conditioning agents other than EDTA on released growth factors, mesenchymal stem cell attachment, and morphology. Methods: Transforming growth factor beta 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and fibroblast growth factor 2 release from prepared dentin discs conditioned with 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 1% phytic acid (IP6), or 37% phosphoric acid were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after final irrigation and after 3 days of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (adMSC) seeding. Forty root fragments were prepared from extracted single-rooted teeth. The morphology and attachment of adMSCs on the conditioned root fragments were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Data for growth factor quantification were analyzed using 1-way analysis. Results: The highest transforming growth factor beta 1 release was observed after citric acid treatment followed by phosphoric acid; there was no significant difference between them, but compared with EDTA and 1% IP6, there were significant differences observed. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected a very minor exposure of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 after dentin conditioning, but there were no significant differences between the groups. The greatest bone morphogenetic protein 2 release was observed in the 1% IP6 group, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Three days of adMSC seeding after dentin conditioning has made a dramatic increase in all of the growth factors, and phosphoric acid appeared to be the most effective agent with significant differences compared with the remaining groups. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed that none of the conditioning solutions had an adverse effect on stem cell proliferation and attachment to root dentin. Different cell morphologies like round, oblong, flat, and well-attached cells with developed filopodia were observed in the dentin-conditioned groups. Conclusions: Phosphoric acid conditioning could be useful and may have beneficial effects in regenerative endodontic treatments. © 2019 American Association of Endodontists