Browsing by Author "Ugur, A"

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    Area-priority-based sensor deployment optimisation with priority estimation using K-means
    Ates, E; Kalayci, TE; Ugur, A
    Deployment in wireless sensor networks (WSN) addresses maximising the coverage of sensors and reducing the total cost of deployment. The area-priority concept for WSN deployment that the authors contributed to the literature recently allows environments with regions that have different importance or priority levels. In this study, the authors propose the first priority-estimation method for area-priority-based WSN deployments. First, a satellite image of the environment that will be used in the deployment of the sensors is clustered by a K-means algorithm using the colour features of the regions. In the sensor deployment phase, this cluster information is used to determine the priorities of the sensor coverage areas on positions of the image. Sensors are initially deployed quickly using a priority queue-based technique. Then, a simulated annealing algorithm is used to maximise the total covered area priority and to minimise the gaps between the sensors. Various experiments are performed for different scenarios (land, sea, and forest) on images captured from Google Maps using different parameter values. The experiments confirm that the proposed approach performs well and outperforms the random deployment of sensors.
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    Methods of Tackling Financial Instabilities as an Example of Global External Cost
    Miynat, M; Kömüsrcüler, E; Ugur, A
    This paper analyses policy implications of methods of tackling financial instabilities. In recent years financial crises has led to rethinking of the role of monetary and financial regulatory policy. Despite the fact that there has been a significant changes the policy of the international institutions, economic costs arising from financial crises have been large by the day. It looks global public good of financial instability and investigates at how existing institution and policies deal with international financial instability.
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    The Impacts of Wars on Fiscal Structure in the Ottoman State and Western European States in the XVIIth Century
    Gökbunar, R; Gökbunar, AR; Ugur, A
    Fiscal history is closely related to the wars. The very issues of funding sufficient funds to fund the obgoing military conflicts currently and those in the past have perplexed the public finance specialists termly. There exist similarities in regard to the development of public finance institutions concerned with tax collection and domestic borrowing in relation to the financing of wars in the Ottoman Empire and the European context in the XVIIth century. In particular, France has been the most influential party with enormous impact on the Ottoman public finance institutions. Since the early XVIIth century, the Ottoman fiscal organization shaped by the requirements of government's in general, the military's and wars' financing, has lost its effectiveness. Therefore, XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries became ages when the Ottoman State faced vis a vis severe fiscal bottlenecks and crises. In light of the perspective given above, this study elucidates wars gone through in the XVIIth century in the Ottoman Empire and the European State and their impact on the countries' fiscal structures with a general approach.
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    The Fiscal Councils and Country Experiences
    Kovancilar, B; Ugur, A
    There are many academic researches regarding persistent fiscal deficits and fiscal rules as a remedy to sustain fiscal discipline in literature. Although several countries have lots of fiscal rules, they can't solve fiscal sustainability problem especially during the economic crises. Because of the inflexibility of rules and due to the fact that there is no institution to audit success of the rules, countries have looked for new ways to strengthen the incentives for fiscal discipline. Independent fiscal institution is one of them. There is a growing interest in the role of fiscal councils, helping to improve fiscal performance. This article investigates independent fiscal councils that make also normative judgements about thegovernment's objectives; and, which do makroeconomic forecasts, analyse fiscal policy, and give information about country experiences of fiscal councils.
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    Genetic Algorithm-Based Sensor Deployment with Area Priority
    Kalayci, TE; Ugur, A
    We are introducing a new design goal called area priority to determine optimal sensor node distribution. The environment in which the wireless sensor network (WSN) will be placed is divided into parts and priorities are attached to these parts. Priorities make the deployment problem adaptable to nonhomogeneous environments with regions that have different importance levels such as forests. Various tree/animal types and densities, residential in the forest can be classified by the area priority concept that we propose. We also develop a genetic algorithm-based method to optimize the total importance in a fully connected WSN. Experimental results obtained for different priorities are presented and discussed.