Browsing by Author "Vatansever, S"
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Item Analysis of the association of chronic spontaneous urticaria with interlekin-4,-10, transforming growth factor-β1, interferon-γ, interleukin-17A and-23 by autologous serum skin testDegirmenci, PB; Kirmaz, C; Vatansever, S; Onur, E; Nal, E; Erdin, S; Ozyurt, BAim: To contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) by identifying its relationship with autoimmunity and cytokines using the autologous serum skin test (ASST) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture (PBMC) method. Material and methods: Interleukins (IL)-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF-(31), interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-17A, and IL-23 levels in cell supernatants obtained by the PBMC method were measured using ELISA. Disease activity was assessed by determining the urticaria activity score (UAS). Results: A total of 40 patients diagnosed with CSU participated in this study. Twenty patients had positive ASST results, and 20 had negative results. The control group included 20 healthy volunteers. We found that the IL-23 (p = 0.01), IL-10 (p = 0.04) and IL-4 (p = 0.04) levels of the patient groups were significantly lower compared with those of the control group. The IL-23 (p = 0.009), IL-10 (p = 0.009), IL-4 (p = 0.001), and IL-17 (p = 0.05) levels of the ASST(-) patient group were significantly lower compared with those of the control group. In addition, the IL-4 (p = 0.03) and IFN-gamma (p = 0.05) levels of the ASST(+) patient group were significantly lower compared with those of the control group, and the ASST(+) patients had a significantly higher UAS than the ASST(-) patients (p = 0.021). Conclusions: These results, when considered together with current reports in the literature, indicate that immune dysregulation occurs in the pathogenesis of CSU, causing cytokine imbalance.Item Regulatory-T, T-Helper 1, and T-Helper 2 Cell Differentiation in Nasal Mucosa of Allergic Rhinitis with Olive Pollen SensitivitySogut, A; Yilmaz, O; Kirmaz, C; Ozbilgin, K; Onur, E; Celik, O; Pinar, E; Vatansever, S; Dinc, G; Yuksel, HBackground: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease in which T-helper (Th)2 response is predominant and its pathogenic mechanism is still poorly understood. Aim: To evaluate the possible role of Th1, Th2 and regulatory-T (Treg) cells in the pathogenesis of AR. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 41 patients with seasonal AR (10-62 years old), sensitive to olive pollens, and 15 healthy controls (18-60 years old). Nasal biopsy was performed and specimens of nasal lavage fluid were obtained from all participants. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were measured in nasal lavage fluid specimens. The expression of FOXP3, GATA-3 and T-bet was measured by immunohistochemical methods in the nasal biopsy specimens. Results: The levels of IFN-gamma in the group with AR were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = 0.008). The levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta did not differ between the two groups. The expression of FOXP3 and T-bet in patients with AR was significantly lower than that in the control group (both p = 0.001). Expression of GATA-3 in the nasal mucosa was similar between the groups (p = 0.2). The ratios of T-bet/GATA-3 and FOXP3/GATA-3 in the AR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Insufficient Treg and Th1 cells may be associated with the allergic inflammation that may be attributed to the Th2 immune response in patients suffering from AR who are sensitive to olive pollen. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, BaselItem Effect of Serotonin 5-HT2B Receptor Antagonist on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy Model in MiceÖzden, MT; Özel, HF; Vatansever, S; Özbek, MItem Effect of atorvastatin and lisinopril or their combination on renal tissue damage in unilateral ureteral obstruction in ratsKarabuga, L; Tuma, B; Vatansever, S; Altay, B; Ekren, F; Turkoz, E; Ustun, G; Nazli, O; Apaydin, EItem Effects of allergen specific immunotherapy on functions of Th and Treg cells in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitisKirmaz, C; Kirgiz, O; Degirmenci, P; Yilmaz, Ö; Vatansever, S; Ozbilgin, K; Onur, E; Celik, O; Sogut, A; Ay, G; Yuksel, HItem Increased vascular surface density in ovarian endometriosisInan, S; Kuscu, NK; Vatansever, S; Ozbilgin, K; Koyuncu, F; Sayhan, SOur goal in this study was to investigate the presence of atigiogenesis-related factors in endometriomas by evaluating their vascular surface densities. Thirty ovarian samples were included in the study. Of these, ten were histologically confirmed endometriomas, ten were ovarian specimens in the follicular phase and ten were ovarian specimens in the luteal phase, serving as controls. Histological specimens were immunostained for von Willebrand factor (vWF: factor VIII-related antigen) and CD34. The area with the highest microvessel density in endometriosis and in the normal ovary was evaluated by using an intercept grid. All microvessels in a specific field (X 100 magnification) were counted and vascular surface density was measured, as 164.01 +/- 21.26 vs. 125.15 +/- 11.28 and 117.44 +/- 9.27 by using vWF, and as 172.97 +/- 25.64 vs. 138.65 +/- 32.21 and 120.34 +/- 18.40 by using CD34 in endometriotic, follicular and luteal ovarian samples, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean vascular surface density was significantly higher in endometriosis than in the ovarian samples of the follicular phase or the luteal phase. No significant difference was seen between normal ovarian samples. Endometriosis was associated with angiogenic properties. Having demonstrated elevated angiogenic factors in endometriotic samples, we concluded that activation of angiogenesis might be a key factor in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.Item Ultrastructural effect of sildenafil citrate on corpus cavernosum and other genital organs in female ratsKilinç, K; Gündüz, MI; Gümüs, BH; Vatansever, S; Kaymaz, FAim: To determine the ultrastructural effects of sildenafil on the female genital organs. Methods: Twenty female cycling Wistar albino rats weighing 250 +/- 20 g were randomly divided into two groups of 10 each. Rats of one group were gavaged with 0.5 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) of sildenafil 3 days in a week for 4 weeks and the other served as the controls. After cessation of treatment animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under methoxyflurane anaesthesia. The clitoris, vagina, uterus and bartholin glands were taken at the estrous and were fixed with 10 % formalin solution for light microscopy and 2.5 % glutaraldehyde and osmic acid for electron microscopy. Results: Under the light microscope, the fibrocollageous tissue was found increased, the capillaries enlarged and the connecting tissue elements increased in the corpus cavernosum in the treated group. On electron microscopy, increased connective tissue, fibroblasts with notched nucleus, shorten immature collagen fibers without striation were seen. Abundant foldings and penetration with collagen bundles were observed in the basal membrane. Large connection complexes, especially gap junctions among the wide capillary endothelial cells were observed. Conclusion: There are evident histological changes due to sildenafil citrate in female rat corpus cavernosum. The clitoris and bartholin glands were the most effected organs. While the histopathological changes of clitoral tissue could be expected, an increase in the mass of bartholin gland was surprised.Item Factors Affecting Recurrence and Survival in Stage IIA Colon Cancer PatientsErciyestepe, M; Selvi, O; Dinç, G; Öztürk, AE; Aydin, O; Sonusen, SD; Günes, TK; Avci, T; Vatansever, S; Çelik, E; Atci, MMIntroduction: Our study delves into the intricate interplay of risk factors and the strategic selection of adjuvant therapy, scrutinizing their influence on recurrence and survival outcomes in stage IIA (T3N0M0) colon cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The study examined the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for stage IIA colon cancer. Identification of stage IIA (pT3N0M0) colon cancer involved a comprehensive review of postoperative clinical records and histological reports. Parameters such as demographic data, tumor characteristics, microsatellite instability status, tumor locations, recurrence risk factors, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and adjuvant treatments were systematically evaluated. Results: In our study involving 220 patients, 138 were male (62.7%), with a median age of 62 years and a median body mass index of 25.1 kg/m2. In the patient group without risk factors, no statistically significant difference was detected in disease- free survival (DFS) rates between those who received treatment and those who did not (p = 0.546). DFS rates of patients with > 1 risk factor were statistically significantly lower than those with a single risk factor (p = 0.017). In patients with > 1 risk factor, the DFS of those who did not receive adjuvant treatment was significantly lower than those who received adjuvant treatment (p < 0.001). In the patient group with recurrence, when adjuvant treatments were considered, recurrence was significantly higher in the group receiving capecitabine (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The decision for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IIA colon cancer patients involves careful consideration of various parameters and risk factors. The evolving landscape of research may refine recommendations, ensuring optimal treatment outcomes while minimizing unnecessary toxicity.Item Protective Effects of Citrus Flavonoid Hesperidin in Enterocytes After Induction with TNF-α and IFN-γ Which Mimic the COVID-19 DiseaseÖzgürbüz, U; Vatansever, S; Becer, E; Ensarioglu, HK; Celik, DABACKGROUND/AIMS: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a virus and exhibits various symptoms such as cough, fever, and chills. Flavonoids have a potential inhibitory effect on coronaviruses. In this study, we determined the effects of hesperidin on enterocyte cells (IEC) after tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma induction which mimics the severe acute respiratory therapy-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The IEC-6 were treated with 50 ng/mL of TNF-alpha and 100 ng/mL of IFN-y for 48 h to mimic inflammatory shock similar to COVID-19 disease. IEC-6 cells were cultured as control, COVID-19 disease mimic, hesperidin prophylactic, or treated groups. The cytotoxicity effect of hesperidin was analyzed using an MTT assay. Serum levels of TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)8 were evaluated using ELISA. The distributions of TNF-alpha, IFN-y, IL-1ss, Insulin-like growth factor-I, and caspase-3 were analyzed by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. RESULTS: Both TNF-alpha and IL8 levels were higher in TNF-alpha and IFN-y induction of enterocyte culture medium than in the control. Lesser immunoreactivity of TNF-alpha was detected in the treatment group which hesperidin applicate after TNF-alpha and IFN-y combination. While IL-1 immunoreactivity was similar in both the hesperidin prophylactic and treatment groups, lesser immunoreactivity of TNF-alpha was observed in the hesperidin treatment group. Both IFN-y and vascular endothelial growth factor A immunoreactivities were also decreased in the hesperidin treatment group. CONCLUSION: We found that hesperidin had anti-inflammatory and cell protection effects in IEC after TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induction which mimics the model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, hesperidin could be used to reduce gastrointestinal system symptoms in COVID-19 disease.Item Neural tissue continues its maturation at the site of neural tube closure defectsSelçuki, M; Vatansever, S; Inan, S; Sanci, M; Sayhan, S; Bagdatoglu, CObjective. Our objective was to investigate the relation between the embryological development and neural tissue maturation at the site where the neural plate failed to form a neural tube. Material and methods. Samples from 15 aborted human fetuses with neural tube defects (NTD). All of the fetuses were between 20 and 25 gestational weeks old. Indicators of neural tissue maturation, formation of basal lamina, expression of integrins and neuron specific class III beta tubulin (tuj1) were investigated. To detect the adverse effects of the environment, if any, p53 and bcl-2 activity at both sites of the open and closed neural plate were investigated as well. Results. No difference was found in the expression of maturation-related molecules at the site of the neural plate that remained open compared with the site where the neural tube is normally formed. While high p53 activity was noted in neural tissue at the site of the neural tube defect, no such activity was detected in the neural tissue where the neural tube is normally formed. Conclusion. Our results suggested that maturation and differentiation of neural tissue continued regardless of the failure of neural tube closure. Therefore, the neurological deficits that are encountered in NTD patients should be related to secondary damage such as amnion fluid toxicity, uterus contractions, labor, etc. It seems valuable to save the neural plate before the negative effects of the environment renders the neural tissue functionless.Item Role of Proopiomelanocortin in Preventing MiscarriageOzbilgin, K; Kahraman, B; Atay, C; Vatansever, S; Uluer, ET; Özçakir, TOBJECTIVE: To compare the distribution of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in decidua and placenta samples from missed abortion and voluntary termination cases in order to research the effects in the etiology of missed abortion. STUDY DESIGN: Decidual materials were collected from patients who were diagnosed with missed abortion (n=19) and legal voluntary termination cases (n=15) under 10 gestational weeks. Materials were divided into 2 groups for examination. For all samples, POMC primary antibody was performed by immunohistochemical staining. The number of stained cells was calculated by using the H-score technique. RESULTS: In the missed abortion group the mean age was 28.7 (18-41), and in the control group the mean age was 27.5 (21-37). POMC immunoreactivity was determined to be lower in the parenchyma and placenta of the missed abortion group than those of the control group. POMC immunoreactivities were found to be higher in both the syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells of the missed abortion group than those of the control group (p <0.005). CONCLUSION: POMC polypeptide precursor and process. Local production has become a paradigmatic has a role in the partiirition of POMC in placenta and decidua may influence pregnancy and may have a role in missed abortion pathogenesis.Item The role of PRP and adipose tissue-derived keratinocytes on burn wound healing in diabetic ratsMansoub, NH; Gürdal, M; Karadadas, E; Kabadayi, H; Vatansever, S; Ercan, GIntroduction: Diabetic burn wounds and ulcers are significant complications of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of platelet rich-plasma (PRP) and/or keratinocyte-like cells (KLCs) in diabetic thermal wound rat model and to evaluate EGF, FGF-2, TGF-beta 1, COL1 alpha 2, MCP-1 and VEGF-alpha as wound healing markers at the gene expression level. Methods: In this study, we used adipose tissue as the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and differentiated MSCs into KLCs. KLCs were characterized and transferred to the burn areas on the dorsum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. We prepared PRP from rat blood and evaluated its effect alone or in combination with KLCs. On the 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th days after the treatment, the wound areas were measured and biopsy samples were excised from the wound areas of the KLCs and/or PRP-treated and the untreated diabetic rats to analyze the gene expression levels of the wound healing markers by qPCR. Results: We observed that, wound contraction started earlier in the PRP and/or KLCs-treated groups in comparison to the control group. However, PRP and KLCs when applied in combination showed additive affect in the wound healing. In all groups treated with KLCs and/or PRP, the gene expression levels of evaluated growth factors and COL1a2 increased, while MCP-1 levels decreased when compared to the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, the most prominent difference in qPCR results belongs to the combined PRP and KLCs-treated group. Conclusion: We demonstrated that applying PRP and KLCs in combination has a greater potential for the treatment of diabetic burn wounds.Item The Role of TREK-1 and AQP5 in Gonadocorticoid-Related Voice DisordersUlkumen, B; Ulkumen, BA; Batir, MB; Cam, S; Vatansever, SObjectives. TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (TREK-1) and Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) are involved in epithelial integrity and fluid transport, respectively. In this study, we aimed to compare physiological and gestational patterns of TREK-1 and AQP5 location and expression in rat larynx. Our secondary objective was to reveal the effect of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PG) on these two biomolecules. Methods. This study was conducted on 20 Wister albino female rats which were assigned as control (group A) and pregnant group (group B). The rats were sacrificed at 20th day of pregnancy. Blood was obtained directly from the ventricle for detection of serum E2 and PG levels. Larynx was resected for immunohistochemical analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction testing for detection of TREK-1 and AQP5 staining and expression, respectively. Results. Relative TREK-1 (P = 0.035) and AQP5 (P = 0.019) expression was found to be significantly high in group B when compared with group A. We found positive correlation between serum E2 levels and both biomolecules (TREK-1; P = 0.018, AQP5; P = 0.016). We also found positive correlation between serum PG levels and both biomolecules (TREK-1; P = 0.001, AQP5; P = 0.019). TREK-1 immunostaining was found to be higher in surface epithelium and lamina propria of vocal cord mucosa. AQP5 was particularly found to be located in basement membrane and adjacent superficial lamina propria. We revealed the physiological and gestational pattern of laryngeal TREK-1 and AQP5 expression for the first time. Gestational expression of both TREK-1 and AQP5 was found to be increased. Stimulatory effect of E2 and PG on laryngeal TREK-1 and AQP5 expression was also revealed. Conclusions. We revealed upregulatory effect of E2 and PG on laryngeal TREK-1 and AQP5 expression. Based on this finding, it can be suggested that TREK-1 and AQP5 play role in biomolecular processes leading gonadocorticoid-related voice changes.Item Effects of α-lactalbumin and sulindac on primary and metastatic human colon cancer cell linesAydemir, I; Vatansever, S; Özbilgin, KBackground: HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) and sulindac are active ingredients which are used in the treatment of cancers. Under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, HAMLET binds to the surface of tumor cells and enters the cells. Sulindac is one of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It inhibits the growth of tumor cells by inducing the apoptosis. In our study, we aimed to investigate effects of alpha-lactalbumin and sulindac on COLO-320 primary and COLO-741 metastatic human colon carcinoma cell lines via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by indirect immunocytochemistry and TUNEL assays. Materials and methods: The effects of alpha-lactalbumin and sulindac were assessed by using MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 h and apoptosis markers caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome-c were detected using immunocytochemistry and TUNEL methods. Results: It was appeared that alpha-lactalbumin and sulindac may triggger mechanisms of apoptosis in both primary and metastatic colon carcinoma cell lines and the primary colon carcinoma cell line was affected more than the metastatic cells. Conclusion: It is proposed that alpha-lactalbumin and sulindac can be used in cancer treatments and future in vivo experiments.Item Effect of apoptosis and response of extracellular matrix proteins after chemotherapy application on human breast cancer cell spheroidsOktem, G; Vatansever, S; Ayla, S; Uysal, A; Aktas, S; Karabulut, B; Bilir, AMulticellular Tumor Spheroid (NITS) represents a three-dimentional structural form of tumors in laboratory conditions, and it has the characteristics of avascular micrometastases or intervascular spaces of big tumors. Recent studies indicate that extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play a critical role in tumor metastasis, therefore normal and cancer cells require an ECM for survival, proliferation and differentiation. Doxorubicin and Docetaxel are widely used in the therapy of breast cancer, as well as in in vivo and in vitro studies. In this study, we examined the effect of apoptosis and proliferation of cells on the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, by using p53, bcl-2 and Ki67 gene expression, and the tendency to metastasis with extracellular matrix proteins, laminin and type IV collagen after chemotherapy in the spheroid model. The apoptotic cell death in situ was detected by TUNEL method. TUNEL-positive cells and positive immunoreactivities of laminin, type IV collagen, p53 and, bel-2 were detected in the control group. There was no laminin and type IV collagen immunoreactivities in spheroids of drug groups. While TUNEL-positive cells and p53 immunoreactivity were detected in Docetaxel, Doxorubicin and Docetaxel/Doxorubicin groups, p53 immunoreactivity was not observed in the Docetaxel group. There was no bcl-2 immunoreactivity in either drug group. In addition, we did not detect Ki67 immunoreactivity in both control and drug treatment groups. However, the absence of Ki67 protein in MCF-7 breast multicellular tumor spheroids is possibly related to the cells in GO or S phase. These agents may affect the presence of ECM proteins in this in vitro model of micrometastasis of spheroids. These findings suggest that the possible mechanism of cell death in Doxorubicin and Docetaxel/Doxorubicin treatment groups is related to apoptosis through the p53 pathway. However, we considered the possiblity that there is another control mechanism for the Docetaxel group.Item Histopathological and ultrastructural effects of glycolic acid on rat skinInan, S; Oztukcan, S; Vatansever, S; Ermertcan, AT; Zeybek, D; Oksal, A; Giray, G; Muftuoglu, SUse of alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) to ameliorate specific dermatological, problems with keratinization has become fairly widespread. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the AHA derivative of glycolic acid, applied in different dosages, on rat skin using tight and electron microscopy. Skin biopsies were taken from the dorsal side of rats (n = 16) and at the end of each week after applying solutions containing AHA: week 1, 8% (n = 5); week 2, 50% (n = 5); week 3, 70% (n = 6). The skin samples were fixed in 10% formalin for histology and 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for electron microscopy and processed using routine protocols. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H-E), Masson's trichrome and were also Labelled for binding of a primary antibody against collagen I using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The epidermal thicknesses were measured and the fibroblast count of the dermis was taken and the results compared using the statistical ANOVA test. Semi-thin sections were stained with toluidine blue-azure II solution and ultrathin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Histochemical and immunohistochemical observations demonstrated that AHA treatment resulted in statistically significant increased thickness of the epidermis and an increase in numbers of active fibroblasts and in the amount of dense collagen, especially at higher dosages of AHA. Ultrastructural examination of rat skin from AHA-treated groups showed cytoplasmic vacuolization in epidermal keratinocytes, intercellular dysjunctions, and increased quantities of organized bundles of collagen fibers in the dermis. The use of AHA in appropriate dosages has been found to play an important role in the treatment of specific skin disorders, however, the harmful effects of use of AHAs at higher concentrations should not be ignored. We conclude that alpha hydroxyl acids have a wide spectrum of use in the field of dermatology but, due to side-effects, their use, dosage, and time frame should be restricted to the advice of dermatologists. (C) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Item Novel Simple Strategy for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Stem Cells and Synthetic Polymer ScaffoldUz, U; Gunhan, K; Vatansever, S; Kivanc, M; Yuceturk, AVCartilage created by tissue engineering is a promising new development in facial reconstructive surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological results of implantation of synthetic polymer scaffold with chondrocytes differentiated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Adipose tissue obtained from Wistar albino rats was dissociated, incubated and placed in culture medium. After a sufficient level of stem cell proliferation, the differentiation phase was started. Cells were collected on the 7th and 21st day of culture for chondrogenic characterization. After the 21st day of the differentiation phase of chondrocytes, they were transferred onto poly(dl-lactide-epsilon-caprolactone) synthetic polymer and culture continued for 24 hours. The scaffold with chondrocytes was then implanted into a subcutaneous area of skin on the back of the neck of the rat. Six weeks after implantation, all rats were sacrificed and the implantation areas were analyzed. Chondrocytes derived from adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells were stained positively with collagen II, aggrecan and Sox-9 after the differentiation stages. Histological examination of the excised material showed that chondrocytes were present, and the scaffold had been completely absorbed. The results of this study indicate that the differentiation method from mesenchymal stem cells to chondrogenic lineage was straightforward and scaffold with cells was easily accessible. This technique may be a good option for cartilage tissue engineering.Item Impact of Pregnancy and Glucocorticoid Treatment on NF-kB and MUC5AC in Mucosa of Rat LarynxUlkumen, B; Ulkumen, BA; Batir, MB; Pala, HG; Vatansever, S; Cam, SObjective. The aim of this study is to reveal physiological expression and distribution of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and MUC 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) in rat laryngeal mucosa and to find out the effect of pregnancy and glucocorticoid treatment on these biomolecules. Methods. This animal experiment was done in Experimental Animals Research and Application Center of Manisa Celal Bayar University in accordance with the accepted policy on the use of animals. A total of 30 young, adult Wister albino female rats were randomized into a control group (group A), a pregnant group (group B), and a steroid administered group (group C). Sacrification was done by injection of sodium-pentobarbitone (400 mg/kg) solution via intraperitoneal route in all groups. Serum estradiole (E2) and progesterone (PG) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative expression and distribution of NF-kappa B and MUC5AC in laryngeal mucosa was studied both by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction testing. Expression and immunohistochemical localization of NF-kappa B and MUC5AC was evaluated by light microscopy (Olympus BX41). In statistical analyses; relative expression of NF-kappa B and MUC5AC were compared on group basis. The effect of E2 and PG levels on these biomolecules was also evaluated. Results. NF-kappa B was found to be significantly low both in group B (P < 0.05) and C (P < 0.001) when compared with group A, while MUC5AC was found to be significantly high both in group B (P < 0.05) and group C (P < 0.05) when compared with group A. Concerning IHC; NF-B-k was found to be expressed in epithelium and lamina propria. MUC5AC was found to be expressed particularly in the epithelial layer in all groups. Statistically significant negative correlation between PG and NF-kappa B expression (P = 0.048), but no correlation between PG and MUC5AC expression (P = 0.487) were revealed. On the other hand, no correlation was found between E2 and the expression of relevant biomolecules (NF-kappa B [P = 0.270], MUC5AC [P = 0.829]). We also did found a significant negative correlation between the expression of NF-kappa B andMUC5AC(P = 0.031). Conclusions. In this study, the physiological expression of NF-kappa B and MUC5AC in rat laryngeal mucosa was shown for the first time both by polymerase chain reaction and IHC. The impact of pregnancy and glucocorticoid treatment on the expression and distribution of these biomolecules was also revealed. The expression of NF-kappa B was found to be decreased while the expression of MUC5AC was found to be increased both by pregnancy and glucocorticoid treatment. The inhibitory effect of serum PG on NF-kappa B expression in rat laryngeal mucosa was also shown for the first time. The expression of MUC5AC was found to be increased both in pregnant and glucocorticoid administered group. Negative correlation between NF-kappa B and MUC5AC expression was also revealed in rat larynx for the first time. These findings may partially unclose the histochemical background of voice changes caused by pregnancy and as well as by glucocorticoid treatment.Item The expression of Forkhead transcription factors in decidua and placenta in patients with missed abortionOzbilgin, K; Kahraman, B; Turan, A; Atay, C; Vatansever, S; Inan, S; Özçakir, TBackground: Forkhead transcription factors 3a (FOXO3a) has pleiotropic biological functions in the female reproductive tract. FOXO3a has a function in decidualization, in placental development, and also in inhibition of apoptosis. This study aims to investigate a possible role of FOXO3a in missed abortion. Materials and Methods: Decidual and placental tissue samples were obtained from the women with unwanted pregnancy as the control group and with missed abortion as the patient group. Immunohistochemistry technique was utilized to compare FOXO3a expression of the decidual cells in uterine decidual stroma and cytotrophoblast-syncytiotrophoblast cells in placental villous stroma. Immunohistochemistry was evaluated semi-quantitatively utilizing the H-score technique. Results: It was demonstrated that H-Scores of FOXO3a expression in both uterine decidual stroma were increased in the missed abortion group (255.83 +/- 12.41) than in the normal pregnancy group (133.33 +/- 17.43). It was also shown that there was no difference between non-decidual area of the endometrium of the normal pregnancy and the missed abortion group (30.33 +/- 4.32; 39.66 +/- 14.30, respectively) and placental villous stroma (13.00 +/- 1.89; 13.00 +/- 1.67, respectively). However, the immunoreactivity of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells significantly increased in the missed abortion group (18.83 +/- 1.47; 322.00 +/- 6.06, respectively) than in the normal pregnancy group (11.00 +/- 1.26; 254.00 +/- 8.17, respectively) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that increased FOXO3a expression in missed abortion may prevent the discharge of dead fetus to maintain decidualization, prevention of oxidative stress, immunomodulation, and inhibition of apoptosis.Item Cell cycle controlling of cancer stem cells in primary and metastatic colon carcinomaKurt, FO; Kendirci, R; Türkoglu, C; Vatansever, S