Browsing by Author "Virlanuta F.O."
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Item The perception of the social economy by agricultural producers in the north-east development region of romania; [Žemės Ūkio Produktų Gamintojų Socialinės Ekonomikos Suvokimas Rumunijos Šiaurės Rytų Plėtros Regione](Vilnius University, 2019) Stanciu S.; Virlanuta F.O.; Dinu V.; Zungun D.; Antohi V.M.The field of social economy represents a priority at both national and European level, being a research topic for the academic environment and the subject of a large number of research studies. The topic of the present article presents the size of the social economy sector in Romania and the European Union, highlighting the degree of the social economy concept perception degree among farmers in the north-eastern region of Romania. The research was carried out starting from drawing up a questionnaire, its application and the processing of the obtained data. The Communication from the European Commission on the Social Entrepreneurship Initiative (COM / 2011/0682) defines the main features of social enterprises as the provision of social services and/or goods and services to a vulnerable population, i.e. the professional integration of people with employment difficulties. According to COM/2011, working hypotheses were formulated in line with these elements, which allowed the identification of the degree of connection between the variables underlying their drafting: The age of respondents, the socially vulnerable people employment policy, the field of activity, the social responsibility area, the acceptability degree of agricultural social cooperatives, the development of local communities. The results of the research revealed a strong association between the analysed variables, validating the proposed assumptions. © 2019, Vilnius University. All rights reserved.Item Measuring the impact of social progress on the recycling rate at European level by using econometric models; [Socialinės pažangos poveikio perdirbimo lygiui vertinimas Europoje naudojant ekonometrinius modelius](Vilnius University, 2020) Dinu V.; Virlanuta F.O.; Zamfir C.; Stanciu S.; Ayvaz Guven E.T.; Yatbaz A.The concept of circular economy is becoming more and more frequently mentioned in scientific research due to the link between this concept and sustainable development at a global level. The circular economy offers opportunities to reinvent the classical economy, offering sustainable and competitive solutions. The benefits of circular economy are directly associated with environmental protection, increased competitiveness, innovation and technological research. The objective of this article is to determine the influence that the social progress of the population has on the development of circular economy. The article contributes to the domain-specific literature by analysing the correlation between the dimensions of social progress, the percentage allotted to the research and innovation expenditure in the GDP, the GDP/capita and the recycling rate in the European Union countries, which have Social Progress Index, the percentage allotted to the research and development expenditure in the GDP, the GDP/capita being control variables. The results of a panel-type data analysis show that social progress positively influences the recycling rate in an economy. Thus, various policies aimed at increasing the social progress of the population, will have an effect on the recycling rate and, implicitly, on the development of the circular economy. © Vilnius University, 2002-2020.Item Organizational democracy in the private sector: A field research(MDPI, 2020) Bilge H.; Barbuta-Misu N.; Zungun D.; Virlanuta F.O.; Guven H.The process of organizational democracy involves a process of associating employees' participation and satisfaction in business processes, increased innovation, increased stakeholder engagement and ultimately increased organizational performance. Organizations and the people that form the organization adapt democracy to achieve social and economic goals by making use of the blessings of democracy. In this way, they aim to reach their goals and to include all members of the organization in the process while achieving these goals, and to sustain the stability. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the democracy perceptions of blue and white collar employees in the private sector through organizational democracy scales, by using various variables and to contribute to the existing literature. The sample of the study constitutes 209 people, white and blue collar employees at various levels in medium and large scale enterprises in the Manisa Organized Industrial Zone in Turkey. As a result of the study, it is seen that married employees and employees who think that their expertise in the job is good have the power to criticize their businesses and exhibit participation. In addition, it has been concluded that employees that are high school graduates see management fairer in terms of salary than other graduates. Another finding in the study is about the size of the pre-work life centers of the workplace. Perceptions and attitudes of the people living in metropolitan and provincial center metros before work observed that more equality was observed in the workplaces than those living in the district centers. © 2020 by the authors.Item Determinants of dollarization of savings in the Turkish economy(MDPI, 2020) Bărbuţă-Mişu N.; Güleç T.C.; Duramaz S.; Virlanuta F.O.This study aims to analyze the nature of the dollarization that takes place in the Turkish economy and to decompose the factors that have contributed to its increase in recent years. With this purpose, we first identify the events that have significantly affected the dollarization trend in Turkey using the Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares (ICSS) and Markov Switching Dynamic Regression (MS-Dynamic) structural break models. Then, we proceed to analyze the relationship between the percentage of Forex deposits of the residents over total deposits of the residents and the TRY/USD exchange rate using the Johansen cointegration test. USD, EUR, and TRY interest rates are also added to the model as independent variables to account for the effects of the difference between exchange rates. Long-term and short-term effects are tested with the Vector Error Correction Model, and causality is tested using the Granger causality test. The results of the study indicate that speculative trading is not the cause of the dollarization of deposits in Turkey. Additionally, results suggest that the political events have a stronger influence over dollarization compared to economic events. Collectively, our findings suggest that domestic citizens dollarize their deposits with the motivation to protect against political ambiguity rather than economic volatility. The results of the study are in line with the literature in the sense that they support the claim that dollarization can be averted in the short run with an increase in interest rates. © 2020 by the authors.Item A study on developing a communicative rational action scale(MDPI AG, 2021) Çamlı A.Y.; Virlanuta F.O.; Palamutçuoğlu B.T.; Bărbuță-Mișu N.; Güler Ş.; Züngün D.The aim of this study is to develop a Communicative Rational Action Scale and analyze its validity and reliability. The scale has been prepared for all administrators and especially for firm administrators based on Max Weber’s rationalizing theory and Jürgen Habermas’ communicative action theory. The scale reveals to what extent administrators’ behaviors are communicatively rational while deciding or acting. In total, 282 participants joined this study. The sample group consisted of senior administrators of 87 firms acting in Turkey’s different Organized Industrial Zones or Free Zones. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 21 and AMOS 22 programs. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the obtained data. In order to test item discrimination, total item correlations were calculated and items under the value of 0.40 were removed from the scale. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 21 articles and five factors. The correlation coefficient of the 21-article scale with a similar scale is 0.979 (p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha value is 0.945 and the test-retest correlation parameter is r = 0.793 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, it was determined by confirmatory factor analysis that the Communicative Rational Action Scale has a good cohesion criterion, and it is a valid and reliable assessment instrument. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item Generation Y’s perception of servant leadership and job satisfaction(MDPI AG, 2021) Bilge H.; Virlanuta F.O.; Zungun D.; Barbuta-Misu N.; Comuk P.; Guven E.T.A.Generation Y wants to know the reason for everything in their lives, they are curious and most importantly, their characteristic of questioning everything makes them stand out. At the same time, it is hard to influence their characteristic features such as their lack of social skills, little respect for authority, and low level of commitment to their employers when Generation X management tactics are used. The purpose of this study is to better understand Generation Y, to examine their relations with servant leadership practices, and to determine what effects they have on businesses. The field study was made at an established organized industrial zone (OIZ) dating back to 1963. This OIZ is built on an area bigger than 10 million m2 and is divided into 5 subzones. It is currently home to 53,500 employees, has a gross foreign trade volume of $7,200,000,000 and is located in the western Aegean Region of Turkey. The data for the study was collected from 248 participants and scales tested for validity and reliability in Turkish. A model was developed using the data and then it was tested using the confirmatory factor analysis method. The study used Structural Equation Model (SEM) to define the causal relationships between latent variables with a model in the analysis of the data and test its compliance. The result of the analysis reveals that dimensions of accountability and forgiveness from servant leadership practices have a statistically significant effect on personal success, whereas empowerment, accountability, and personal success dimensions have statistically significant effects on job satisfaction. Modesty dimension does not have a significant effect on the personal success and job satisfaction and the dimensions of accountability and forgiveness do not have a significant effect on job satisfaction. In addition, empowerment dimension does not have a meaningful effect on personal success. There is need for more studies to support the accuracy of the result for modesty dimension, since it seems like there is no effect on personal success and job satisfaction. This is a pioneer study since it is an empirical one looking at the application of the servant leadership theory on Generation Y employees. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item The Moderator Effect of Communicative Rational Action in the Relationship between Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction(MDPI, 2022) Çamlı A.Y.; Palamutçuoğlu T.B.; Bărbuță-Mișu N.; Çavuşoğlu S.; Virlanuta F.O.; Alkan Y.; David S.; Manea L.D.The aim of this study was to determine whether emotional labor behavior has an effect on job satisfaction, and if there is an effect, to reveal whether communicative rational action has a moderator effect. This research was carried out in the banking sector. The sample group consisted of administrators of foreign capital bank managers (427) at all levels in Turkey. The collected data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS 21 program. Multiple regression analysis and SPSS PROCESS v3.5 (model1) methods were used in the analysis. According to the analysis, the three sub-dimensions of communicative rational action (practical-rational action, rational communication, and rational action) have a moderator role in the effect of emotional labor and job satisfaction. The other two sub dimensions (value–rational–action and firm family) do not have a moderator role in this effect. In the analysis made according to the total score of communicative rational action, the moderator role of communicative rational action in the effect of emotional labor and job satisfaction was deter-mined. As a result of the research and analysis, it was determined that emotional labor has a positive effect on the phenomenon of job satisfaction. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item The Effect of Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Brand Loyalty on Consumer Complaint Behaviors: A Cross-Cultural Study(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Yakın V.; Güven H.; David S.; Güven E.; Bărbuță-Mișu N.; Güven E.T.A.; Virlanuta F.O.Consumers tend to exhibit e-WOM behavior or retention behavior or communicate with official channels rather than the brand, which can damage the brand in cases where the channels through which customers are expected to reach the brand for their complaints are dysfunctional. This study aims to examine the relationship between cognitive dissonance and brand loyalty factors as well as their impact on consumer complaint behavior in terms of differences between Turkish and Romanian consumers. For this purpose, a simultaneous quantitative research study was conducted in these two countries, with a total of 790 participants surveyed. The findings showed that the consumers’ level of brand loyalty had a significant positive effect on the level of cognitive dissonance, which significantly impacted complaint behavior. On the other hand, it was concluded that brand loyalty did not significantly affect complaint behavior. The comparative analysis revealed that Romanian customers’ brand loyalty was higher than Turkish customers’, and the dimensions concerning cognitive dissonance and complaint behavior were higher among Turkish customers. © 2023 by the authors.Item Solution of the Capacity-Constrained Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Carbon Footprint Within the Scope of Sustainable Logistics with Genetic Algorithm(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Palamutçuoğlu B.T.; Çavuşoğlu S.; Çamlı A.Y.; Virlanuta F.O.; Bacalum S.; Züngün D.; Moisescu F.One of the important problems of sustainable logistics is routing vehicles in a sustainable manner, the green vehicle routing problem, or vehicle routing problems which aim to reduce CO2 emissions. In the literature research, it was seen that these problems were solved with heuristic, metaheuristic, or hyper-heuristic methods and hybrid approaches since they are in the NP-hard class. This work presents a parallel multi-process genetic algorithm that incorporates problem-specific genetic operators to minimize CO2 emissions in the capacity-constrained vehicle routing problem. Unlike previous research, the algorithm combines parallel computing with tailored genetic operators in order to enhance the diversity of solutions and speed up convergence. Genetic algorithm models were developed to minimize total distance, CO2 emissions, and both objectives simultaneously. Two genetic algorithm models were developed to minimize total distance and CO2 emissions. Experimental results using the reference CVRP examples such as A-n32-k5 and B-n44-k7 show that the proposed approach reduces CO2 emissions by 1.2% more than hybrid artificial bee colony optimization, 1.3% more than ant colony optimization, and 4% more than the traditional genetic algorithm. Experimental results using benchmark CVRP instances demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms hybrid artificial bee colony optimization, ant colony optimization, and traditional genetic algorithms for most of the test cases. This is done by exploiting multi-core processors, and the parallel architecture has improved computational efficiency; the modules compare and update solutions against the global optimum. Results obtained show that prioritizing CO2 emissions as the only objective yields better results compared to multi-objective models. This study makes two significant contributions to the literature: (1) it introduces a novel parallel genetic algorithm framework optimized for CO2 emission reduction, and (2) it provides empirical evidence underscoring the advantages of emission-focused optimization in CVRP. © 2025 by the authors.