Browsing by Author "Yalaz, M"

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    Evaluation of macronutrient content of fresh and frozen human milk over 6 months
    Tanriverdi, S; Koroglu, O; Uygur, Ö; Yalaz, M; Kultursay, N
    Aim: In this study; we aimed to see the time-dependent changes in the macronutrient content of early frozen breast milk and also to compare it with fresh breast milk in the first 6 months. Materials and method: We evaluated the milk samples of 43 mothers who delivered at term. Milk samples after the first 15 days following delivery were expressed and collected dividing into seven aliquots to be stored frozen at -20 degrees C. Every month freshly collected new milk samples were analyzed together with one aliquot of the stored samples, up to 6 months. The energy, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents of samples were analyzed by Miris Human Milk Analyzer. Results: In the first 3 months, fresh milk had higher caloric and lipid content when compared to frozen samples. The protein content of fresh milk decreased after 2 months and became lower than frozen samples. The energy and lipid content of frozen milk decreased over time but protein and carbohydrate contents stayed stable. Carbohydrate content of fresh and frozen samples did not show major changes. Conclusion: It may be more suitable to consume the frozen milk that was collected in the early weeks of delivery within first 2 months.
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    Molecular typing and sequencing of adenovirus isolated from a conjunctivitis outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit by PCR
    Çiçek, C; Sanlidag, T; Bilgin, BS; Pullukçu, H; Akçali, S; Altun Köroglu, Ö; Yalaz, M; Kültürsay, N
    Aim: We aimed to evaluate the molecular typing of adenovirus isolated during an epidemic at the Ege University Children's Hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Materials and methods: During the NICU outbreak management, 40 clinical samples (from 15 newborn infants and 25 health care providers) were sent to a microbiology laboratory in viral transport media. All the samples were processed using a direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and a shell vial cell culture followed by adenovirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. PCR and DNA sequencing for adenovirus hexon gene hypervariable regions 1-6 were done after DNA extraction from clinical specimens. Adenovirus typing was done using BLAST analysis. Results: Ten adenoviruses were isolated from 4 out of 10 infants, 3 out of 5 hospital staff with conjunctivitis, and 3 asymptomatic staff. Ten positive samples were identified as adenovirus type 8 by using BLAST analysis. Conclusion: We isolated adenovirus type 8, one of the most common serotypes causing conjunctivitis, during an adenovirus outbreak in our NICU. The highest positivity was obtained using the PCR method. Although DFA was positive in a limited number of cases, this test was applied rapidly at the beginning of the epidemic and contributed to the prevention of further spread.
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    Early Immunomodulatory Effects of Different Natural Surfactant Preparations in Preterms With Respiratory Distress
    Yalaz, M; Tanriverdi, S; Uygur, Ö; Köroglu, ÖA; Azarsiz, E; Aksu, G; Kültürsay, N
    BackgroundRespiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common respiratory disease in premature infants. Exogenous natural surfactant preparations are used in the treatment of RDS. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that surfactant plays an immunoregulatory role. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate cytokine and chemokine response following three different regimens of natural surfactant treatment in preterm newborns with RDS. MethodsPremature newborns below 32 weeks of gestation who were intubated for RDS and given early surfactant rescue therapy were included in the study. Newborns were randomly divided into three groups and Beractant 100 mg/kg (B-100), Poractant alfa 100 mg/kg (P alpha-100) and Poractant alfa 200 mg/kg (P alpha-200) were administered intratracheally. Blood samples and transtracheal aspirates (TA) were collected just before and 4-6 h after the surfactant treatment. Total eosinophil count, inducible T Cell alpha chemoattractant (ITaC), macrophage inflammatory protein 3 beta (MIP3b), interleukins (IL) 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, immunoglobulin E (IgE), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), eotaxin and tumor necrosis factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) were measured from blood and tracheal aspirate samples. ResultsA total of 45 infants, 15 in each group, were included in the study. Mean gestational age, birth weight, antenatal, demographic and clinical characteristics of the study groups were similar. IFN gamma concentration and eosinophil counts in TA decreased after surfactant replacement in all groups, especially in the infants treated with P alpha-100 and P alpha-200. Eotaxin, TGF beta and IL-8 concentrations in TA increased significantly in the infants treated with P alpha-100 and P alpha-200. IL-9 levels in TA decreased in the B-100 group but increased in the P alpha-100 and P alpha-200 groups. Blood levels of cytokines and chemokines showed significantly decreased levels of ITaC and MIP3b only in the B-100 group, but no significant change was observed in the P alpha-100 and P alpha-200 groups. ConclusionIn our study, the different immunomodulatory effects of natural surfactant preparations on newborn lung is proven. We found that Poractant alpha, one of the natural surfactant preparations, shifted the lung immune system toward TH2.
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    Molecular Typing of Adenoviruses Isolated from Clinical Specimens by PCR and DNA Sequencing Methods
    Çiçek, C; Sanlidag, T; Akçali, S; Sayan, M; Yalaz, M; Metin, DY
    Adenoviruses are responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTIs and LRTIs, respectively), conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and hemorrhagic cystitis. The aim of this study was to determine the adenovirus (AdV) types isolated from clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods. A total of 22 AdV strains isolated between January 1st 2011 to May 31th 2011, from various samples (295 nasopharyngeal swabs, 42 conjunctival swabs, 13 stool) sent to our routine virology laboratory were included in the study. Of the 22 patients whose samples yielded adenovirus positivity, 8 were adult (4 were male; median age: 32.5 years) and 14 (7 were male; median age: 1 year) were children. Those specimens (14 nasopharyngeal swabs, 7 conjunctival swabs, 1 stool) were obtained from patients with URTIs (n= 6), LRTIs (n= 8), conjunctivitis (n= 7) and gastroenteritis (n= 1). For the isolation and identification of adenoviruses, rapid (shell vial) cell culture and direct immunofluorescence antibody methods were used, respectively. Molecular typing of adenoviruses were performed by PCR and sequencing of a partial region (hipervariable region 1-6) of the hexon gene. PCR primers (Adhex F1, Adhex R1) used for DNA amplification were from those described by Lu and Erdman, previously. If insufficient DNA was amplified from the first reaction for sequencing, a nested PCR was performed using Adhex F2 and Adhex R2 primers. Sequencing was performed using the amplification primers and Sequence Reagent Mix-DYEnamic ET Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Inc, USA) on ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). Obtained adenovirus sequences were typed by BLAST analysis and three AdV types namely type 3, 4, and 8 were identified. In our study, AdV type 3 was detected in a gastroenteritis case and six cases with URTIs and LRTIs (n= 7, 31.8%). AdV type 8 was identified as the cause of conjunctivitis in seven patients and of URTIs and LRTIs in five patients (n= 12, 54.5%). AdV type 4 was found to be associated with URTI in one, and LRTIs in two patients (n= 3; 13.7%). Our data indicated that AdV type 8 was the most prevalent type in patients with conjunctivitis and URTIs, while AdV type 3 was the most prevalent type in patients with LRTI. BLAST analysis was thought to be useful for the molecular typing of adenoviruses. In conclusion, advanced studies with large number of specimens are necessary to achive a reliable, detailed national adenovirus database.