Browsing by Author "Yapar R."

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    Evaluation of Apoptotic and Autophagic Effects of Thioridazine in Monolayer and Spheroid Cell Cultures
    (Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2023) Ersöz E.; Yapar R.; Çelik B.; Korkmaz M.
    Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequently seen brain tumor in adults. It is clear that new therapeutic agents are needed in this area. Spheroid cell cultures have advantages on imitating in vivo environment. Therefore, we investigated apoptotic and autophagic effects of Thioridazine (THZ) which is a potential anti-cancer agent on GBM cell lines, T98G and U-87 MG, comparatively in monolayer and spheroid cell cultures. The cytotoxic effect of THZ on cells was evaluated by MTT method. Besides, apoptotic and autophagic effects of THZ were determined by Annexin V and LC-3 antibody based methods. Validation performed also by assessment of apoptosis and autophagy with specific inhibitors. The analysis has revealed that IC50 values at 24 h were 12,67 μM (T98G) and 12.80 μM (U-87 MG) in monolayer cell culture, 29.30 μM (T98G) and 28.68 μM (U-87 MG) in spheroid cell culture. While apoptotic cell rate was determined at 24 h approximate 15% in both cell lines and cell cultures, autophagy induction rate was increased by 6.5-(T98G) and 5.6-(U-87 MG) fold in monolayer cell culture and by 3.3-(T98G) and 4.5-(U-87 MG) fold in spheroid cell culture. In our study THZ stimulates mostly autophagy rather than apoptosis. In addition, it can be suggested that in vitro cytotoxicity studies should perform with not only monolayer cell cultures but also with spheroid cell cultures for obtaining in vivo-like data. When all the evaluations are considered, THZ might be thought as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM. © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
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    The Effect of Boric Acid and Calcium Fructoborate on T Helper Cell Differentiation by Influencing Foxp3 and Ror-γt in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    (Springer, 2024) Yapar R.; Gündüz Ö.S.; Kurt F.Ö.; Korkmaz M.
    Many animal and human studies indicate that boric acid and calcium fructoborate have effects on helper T cells in immunity. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of boric acid and calcium fructoborate on Treg (CD4+Foxp3+) and Th17 (CD4+Ror-γt+) cell populations and related cytokine levels in mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood samples of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (n = 10) patients, systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 5) patients, and healthy individuals (n = 9) were included in this study. Consent forms were obtained from all individuals participating the study, blood samples were taken, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. Isolated cells were exposed to low-dose and high-dose boric acid and calcium fructoborate in cell culture. Treg and Th17 cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry after 48 h of exposure. IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels in the culture medium were tested by ELISA method. At the end of the study, in healthy controls, high-dose BA improved the Treg/Th17 population but could not display similar effects on RA and SLE group. However, both boric acid and calcium fructoborate at different doses showed an increasing effect on Ror-γt in RA and SLE group. Different doses of BA and CaF treatment found to have a variable effect on cytokine. Both BA and CaF in low doses decreased TNF-α levels in RA group which shows that these boron compounds could contribute positively to the treatment of autoimmune diseases. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.