Browsing by Author "Yilmaz, ED"

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    The relationship between nine types temperament model with psychobiological personality model and affective temperament model
    Yilmaz, ED; Gençer, G; Ünal, Ö; Örek, A; Aydemir, Ö; Deveci, E; Kirpinar, I
    Objective: This study aims to determine Nine Types Temperament Model (NTTM), which is a new temperament model, with Psychobiological Personality Model (PPM) and Affective Temperament Model (ATM) and define the possible relations between categories and dimensions and their degrees of predicting each other. Methods: The sample group consists of 206 healthy volunteers who did not receive any psychiatric treatment in their life and do not have any chronic disease. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R personality disorders (SCID-II), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire Version (TEMPS-A) and Nine Type Temperament Scale (NTTS) were used to collect data. Results: Except for NTM3, NTM8 and NTM9 temperament categories, all NTTS categories have significant correlation with various TCI dimensions at a level r=0.40 and above. Except for NTM1, NTM5 and NTM9 temperament categories, all NTTS categories have significant correlation with various TEMPS-A categories at a level r=0.40 and above. According to the results of regression analyses, it is found that TCI dimensions and TEMPS-A categories can explain 29-63% of variance of NTTS temperament categories. Conclusion: This study indicates that although there are consistent and significant correlations between dimensions and categories of NTTS and the two scales widely used in psychiatry, there are conceptual differences between NTTM, PPM and ATM and temperament categories of NTTM have unique features.
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    Validity and Reliability of Nine Types Temperament Scale
    Yilmaz, ED; Gençer, AG; Aydemir, Ö; Yilmaz, A; Kesebir, S; Ünal, Ö; Örek, A; Bilici, M
    The aim of this study is to develop a scale compatible with the Nine Types Temperament Model (NTTM), which did not have any prior measurement tools to scientifically prove its reliability and validity. NTTM is created by re-evaluating the Enneagram System a system that defines nine personality types- used for analyzing and comprehending ego mechanisms. Nine Types Temperament Scale (NTTS) which is a self-rated instrument composed of 91 items with three-point Likert type was developed from this model and applied to 990 participants. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out in order to evaluate whether the scale fits to the model related to the temperament model. In exploratory factor analyses of the scale eigen values of nine factors vary between 8.089 and 1.661, and represent 39.04% of the total variance. In confirmatory analyses of the scale CFI value is 0.88, GFI value is 0.84, IFI value is 0.88 and RMSEA value is 0.05. Test-retest reliability of the scale was evaluated with 46 participants. Cronbach alpha value of the whole scale is 0.75, while Cronbach alpha values for every temperament type were calculated as 0.77, 0.79, 0.68, 0.71, 0.80, 0.74, 0.71, 0.83 and 0.77 respectively. Concurrent validity was performed with Cloninger's TCI (Temperament and Character Inventory) and Akiskal's TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire Version). The types of NTTM showed significant correlations with TCI and TEMPS-A. Results of the study support that NTTS is a reliable and valid scale.
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    Validity-Reliability of Nine Types Temperament Scale Adolescent Form (NTTS-A) and Relationship Between Temperament Types and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
    Yilmaz, ED; Ünal, Ö; Palanci, M; Kandemir, M; Örek, A; Akkin, G; Demir, T; Üstündag, MF; Gürçag, SN; Aydemir, Ö; Selçuk, Z
    The purpose of this study is developing adolescent form (11-16 years old) of Nine Types Temperament Scale (NTTS) depending on Nine Types Temperament Model (Study 1) and evaluating and searching the relationship between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Types of NTTM (Study 2). Sample of Study I consist of 1240 students who are between 11 and 16 years old. Pilot form of the Scale which consists of 90 items is tested with confirmatory factor analysis and with convergent and discriminant validity and the last version of the measure which consist of 82 items is prepared. Basic Personality Traits Inventory (BPTI) which depends on Fife Factor Model is used for Criterion-related validation. Results show that NTTS-A is valid and reliable measure for evaluating temperament types between 11-16 years adolescents. Their fit index is calculated as chi(2) /df <3; SRMR, 0.06; RMSEA, 0.045; CFI, 0.909: TLI, 0901 supported to validity data. Sample of Study II consist of 56 adolescents who are diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV diagnosis criteria and 56 students who does not get diagnosed with ADHD or mental retardation/medical disorder. Temperament types of participants are evaluated by the agency of Study-I and NTTS-A, which is developed appropriate for Turkish culture. Indication of the study shows that there are more NTT7 and NTT8 in NTTM types between adolescents with ADHD than the group, who are not diagnosed with ADHD. As a result, it is discussed that traits which belong to some temperament types could have a predisposing effect on emergence of ADHD, experiencing these traits extreme severely could cause a view similar to ADHD and ADHD which is a neurodevelopmental disease could interact with temperament traits of person, in that way it could illustrate ADHD clinic. Available findings support critics about that students are labelled as ADHD specially in the last years in education environment even if they have mostly not developmental problems and students are diagnosed easily with limited observations. However, it is asserted that diagnosis based on temperament, treatment and psychosocial support programmes could be formed and effects of ADHD, which is a factor interacting with temperament traits, on personality structure of adolescents on their development process, could be predicted. Our study has the feature of being the first measure developing study which is intended to evaluate temperament types of adolescents between 11-16 years old and also it is has the feature of being the first study which searches relationship between NTTM types and ADHD.
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    Relation of the Nine Types of Temperament Model with Personality Disorders
    Yilmaz, ED; Gencer, AG; Unal, O; Palanci, M; Kandemir, M; Selcuk, Z; Aydemir, O
    Objective: Aim of this study is to determine the correspondence between personality categories and the types making up the Nine Types of Temperament Model (NTTM) - a new temperament model which evaluates personality disorders within the context of temperament traits and maladaptive personality features-and conceptualization of NTTM types. Method: The sample group is composed of 117 participants with a personality disorder. SCID II and Nine Types of Temperament Scale (NTTS) were applied to the participants. Results: According to the findings, all NTTM types have shown significant correlation with at least one personality disorder. According to the regression analysis results, it was determined that the NTTM types were explained by personality disorders at a rate of 19-41%. Conclusions: In this study, it is found that knowing the temperament features that form the basis of an individual's personality structure is helpful to diagnose and to determine the tendency to develop personality disorders that are pathological responses to personality characteristics. In addition, this study brings up questions such as whether the individual differences between patients with the same personality disorders can be evaluated on the basis of temperament and whether it is possible to determine therapy and treatment approaches according to an individual's temperament type.
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    From Enneagram to Nine Types Temperament Model: A Proposal
    Yilmaz, ED; Gençer, AG; Ünal, Ö; Aydemir, Ö
    Temperament, character and personality concepts are addressed by many disciplines that study interpersonal differences. Although each of these concepts is related with each other, they are different and often used instead of one another. Nine Types Temperament Model (NTTM), a new temperament model formulated with the interpretation of Enneagram System, explains the definition, limit, scope and interrelations of these concepts, as well as presents a new perspective on studying the differences between individuals and differences within an individual. With this paper, we explain the similarities and differences between Enneagram and NTTM, nine basic temperament types, as well as behaviors and attitudes, which are different from normal, that these types display under stressed and relaxed conditions. At the same time, we propose NTTM as a new and integrated model which can explain the reasons of human behavior and be used in research and practice for the fields of psychiatry, psychology and education.