Browsing by Author "Yoleri, Ö"

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    Cross-facial nerve grafting as an adjunct to hypoglossal-facial nerve crossover in reanimation of early facial paralysis
    Yoleri, L; Songür, E; Mavioglu, H; Yoleri, Ö
    Reanimation of a spontaneous and synchronous smile, and sufficient depressor mechanism of the lower lip presents a surgical challenge in facial paralysis. Hypoglossal-facial nerve crossover and cross-facial nerve grafting are the best options if the mimetic muscles around the mouth are still viable in patients in whom the facial nerve was sacrificed at the brainstem, Although good muscle tone and facial motion have been obtained by hypoglossal-facial nerve crossover, smile is dependent on conscious tongue movement, Cross-facial nerve grafting provides a voluntary and emotion-driven smile, but requires two coaptation sites, which leads to substantial axonal loss and a long regeneration time. This method was not successful in activating the depressor mechanism. The first stage is the classic baby-sitting procedure, in which the bulk of the mimetic muscles was maintained by the rapid reinnervation of the hypoglossal-facial nerve crossover during the regeneration period of the cross-facial nerve graft, and temporalis muscle transfer to the eyelids is performed. During the second stage, the cross-facial nerve graft that used the thickest zygomaticobuccal branch on the healthy side was coapted with the corresponding branches on the paralyzed side. The hypoglossal-facial nerve crossover continued to innervate the depressor muscles. Good spontaneous smile and sufficient depressor mechanism were achieved by cross-facial nerve grafting and hypoglossal-facial nerve crossover respectively, and these techniques are demonstrated by the authors clinically and electrophysiologically.
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    Reanimation of early facial paralysis with hypoglossal/facial end-to-side neurorrhaphy
    Yoleri, L; Songür, E; Yoleri, Ö; Vural, T; Çagdas, A
    The classic hypoglossal transfer to the facial nerve invariably results in profound functional deficits in speech, mastication, and swallowing, and causes synkinesis and involuntary movements in the facial muscles despite good reanimation. Techniques such as a hypoglossal/facial nerve interpositional jump graft and splitting the hypoglossal nerve cause poor functional results in facial reanimation and mild-to-moderate hemiglossal atrophy, respectively. Direct hypoglossal/facial nerve cross-over through end-to-side coaptation without tension was done in three fresh cadavers and four patients. The patients had facial paralysis for less than 7 months. Complete mobilization of the facial nerve trunk and its main branches beyond the pes anserinus From the stylomastoid foramen, division of the frontal branch, if necessary, and superior elevation of the hypoglossal nerve after dividing the descendens hypoglossi, thyrohyoidal branches, occipital artery, and retromandibular veins were performed. The end of the facial nerve was hooked up through both a quarter of a partial oblique neurotomy and a perineurial window at the side of the hypoglossal nerve. Temporalis muscle transfer to the eyelids and the first stage of cross-facial nerve transfer were performed simultaneously. None of the patients experienced hemiglossal atrophy, synkinesis, and involuntary movements of the facial muscles. Regarding facial reanimation, one patient had excellent, one patient good, and the others fair and poor results after a follow-up of at least 1 year.