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Item Antibacterial activity of some actinomycetes isolated from farming soils of Turkey(Academic Journals, 2004) Oskay M.; Tamer A.U.; Azeri C.A total of 50 different actinomycete strains were recovered from farming soil samples collected from Manisa Province and its surrounding. These were then assessed for their antibacterial activity against four phytopathogenic and six pathogenic bacteria. Results indicated that 34% of all isolates are active against, at least, one of the test organisms; Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas viridiflova, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Bacillus subtilis ATTC 6633, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATTC 10031, Enterococcus feacalis ATCC 10541, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Esherichia coli ATCC 29998 and Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341. According to antibacterial activity and spectrum broadness, seven of the isolates were selected and characterized by conventional methods. The unusual antibiotic profile of these isolates underlined their potential as a source of novel antibiotics. © 2004 Academic Journals.Item Antibacterial activities of some marine algae from the Aegean Sea (Turkey)(Academic Journals, 2007) Taskin E.; Ozturk M.; Taskin E.; Kurt O.In this study, methanolic extracts of six marine algae belong to Rhodophyceae (Corallina officinalis), Phaeophyceae (Cystoseira barbata, Dictyota dichotoma, Halopteris filicina, Cladostephus spongiosus f. verticillatus) and Chlorophyceae (Ulva rigida) from the North Aegean Sea (Turkey) were studied for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic microbes, 3 gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Enterococcus faecalis) and 3 Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and E. coli O157:H7) in vitro. Extracts of all the test marine algae except C. officinalis showed inhibition against S. aureus. On the other hand, highest inhibiton activity among all the extratcs was shown to E. aerogenes by C. officinalis. The extract from C. barbata has shown broader activity spectrum against all the test organisms. © 2007 Academic Journals.Item Zooplankton composition of Van Lake Coastline in Turkey(Academic Journals, 2010) Yildiz S.; Özgökçe M.S.; Özgökçe F.; Karaca I.; Polat E.This study was completed with periodical surveys in coastal band of Van Lake between May and September in 2005 to 2006 period. It was carried out on a total of 20 sites selected as sampling points and having three distinct characteristics. During the study, a total of 20 species (14 belonged to genus of Rotifera, 4 to Copepoda and 2 Branchiopoda) were found at the Van Lake coastal zone. Genera Notholca squamula, Keratella quadrata, Colurella colurus, Lecane ohiensis, Lecane grandis and Lecane lamellata have been detected for the first time at the Van Lake coastal zone. © 2010 Academic Journals.Item Comparison of Manzanilla and wild type olives by RAPD-PCR analysis(Academic Journals, 2010) Sesli M.; Yeǧenoǧlu E.D.The object of this study was to detect genetic similarities and distances between cultivated Manzanilla and wild type olives by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique. In this study, the cultivated type olive Manzanilla was supplied from Olive Research Institute of Turkey and the wild type olives from the villages of Manisa, Izmir and Mugla provinces. Genomic DNA's were extracted from young leaves and PCR was used to generate RAPD bands. Sixty random primers obtained from Operon technology were tested by RAPD-PCR (OP-A, OP-I, OP-Q). Forty one of 60 primers used in the study provided 346 considerably polymorphic bands and the average number of bands was defined as 8.43. Comparisons of cultivated and wild type olives are important for understanding genetic relation. It was determined that the genetic distance values varied between 0.0665 and 0.2863 and genetic similarity values varied between 0.9356 and 0.7511. It was observed that the samples most close to each other were wild 8 and wild 3 and the samples most distant from each other were wild 5 and Manzanilla, in accordance with such genetic distance and similarity values. © 2010 Academic Journals.Item Antioxidant responses of lentil and barley plants to boron toxicity under different nitrogen sources(Academic Journals, 2011) Tepe M.; Aydemir T.In this study, the effects of different nitrogen sources on lentil (Lens clunaris) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants, exposed to 5 and 10 mM boron stress previously, were studied. After ten-day germination, the lentil (native) and barley (Tokak157/37) were incubated 16 h light and 8 h dark per day for 7-day growth cycle under the conditions of boron stress via different nitrogen sources (10 mM nitrogen in NH4 Cl, KNO3 and urea). As a result of the changes in the nitrogen sources of the plants, there were determined decreases in the relative growth rate (%) and total chlorophyll content related to boron stress, (p < 0.05) and (p < 0.01), respectively. The changes in the lentil were obtained much more than those in the barley. In addition, the changes in the groups in which NH4 + was used as nitrogen source were obtained at lowest levels. The concentrations of MDA, H2O2 and proline showed increases under boron stress (p < 0.05). The effect of boron toxicity on the activities of SOD, GPX and LOX was similar in the two species but the levels of CAT and APX activities were different in both species under 5 and 10 mM boron stress (p < 0.01). SOD, GPX and LOX activities increased in the roots and shoots of boron treated plants as compared with the controls (p < 0.01). Although, lentil CAT and APX, activities decreased; in barley, CAT and APX, activities increased under boron toxicity. In conclusion, the fertilizers which contain NH4 + should be used in the boron stressed farmlands. © 2011 Academic Journals.Item Histochemical determination of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in normal and ethanol-induced chick embryo during neural tube development(Academic Journals, 2011) Aydemir I.; Gürcü B.Alcohol as a teratogenic agent inhibits cell growth, function, proliferation and migration by affecting macromolecules, and can induce cell death. Prenatal ethanol exposure causes neural tube defects (NTD) and growth deficiency in experimental animals. NTDs are a group of malformations that result in failure of neural tube (NT) closure in early embryonic development and are among the most common congenital malformations in humans. NTDs are also associated with a number of other central nervous system malformations. Basal layers are the most densely stained structures with Alcian blue which determines glycosaminoglycan (GAG) types. While all sulphated GAGs were observed in the basal layers of NT of the embryos in control and saline-injected groups, hyaluronic acid was dominant in the 10% alcohol-administered embryos. It was reduced in the 15% alcohol-administered embryos and keratan sulphate was significantly low in 20% samples. Especially in the control and saline-injected groups, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate were highly expressed around cells migrating from the NT, while the same were reduced in 10% alcohol-administered embryos. In 15% alcoholadministered embryos, while the heparine and heparane sulphate were dense around cells migrating from the NT, staining specificities were decreased in 20% alcohol-administered embryos in same regions. Increased alcohol degrees cause decrease of the GAG types in both areas. © 2011 Academic Journals.Item Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with prefabricated reinforced concrete (RC) plates(Academic Journals, 2011) Demir A.; Tekin M.Reinforced concrete (RC) beams which are insufficient in terms of shear and flexural capacities are strengthened by various methods. Steel and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plate bonding methods are very widely used in strengthening of beams. Strengthening methods such as bonding steel and FRP plates have deficiencies as corrosion, fire and buckling. In this work, it is aimed strengthening of damaged RC beams using prefabricated RC rectangular and U cross-sectional plates. The rectangular cross-sectional plates were bonded to the bottom sides of the beams by rods and epoxy. The plates having U cross-section were bonded to the three sides of the beams. The strengthened beams were incrementally loaded up to maximum load capacities. The load carrying capacity of the beams increased 41% with the strengthening rectangular cross-sectional plates, however when the U cross-sectional plates were used, the capacity increased up to 76%. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical values. In addition, post-elastic strength enhancement and displacement ductility of beams were investigated. The advantages of this method do not require shuttering, concrete and steel workmanships in situ. Also, the application of this method is very easy and economic. For these reasons, this method should be preferred against other methods. © 2011 Academic Journals.