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Item Dividend registers in the sandjack of saruhan; [Saruhan sancaǧında temettuat tahriri](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2008) Gökmen E.The "temettuat" (dividend) registers were kept throughout the first half of the 19th century in order to re-identify sources of tax revenue to prevent injustice in tax payment and to decrease the amount of tax citizens were expected to pay. These registers contain a lot of valuable information to help us determine the social, economic and demographic structure of many cities and towns. Such registers were also kept in Manisa and surrounding towns from July 1845 to March 1846. Many clerks were employed for keeping these registers, and the expenditures made during this time included not only clerks' salaries but also travel allowances and writing material costs. This study makes use of the "Maliye Masafirat" record no. 8222 in the Prime Ministry archive in order to provide information on the expenditures made by each surrounding town, the number of clerks employed for keeping the registers and the amount of time it took to complete registration. © Ahmet Yesevi University Board of Trustees.Item The typology of relative clause constructions in orkhon Turkic; [Köktürkçenin sıfat fiilli yapı tipolojisi](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2008) Karabulut F.The American linguist, Noam Chomsky, made significant contributions to linguistic research by arguing that all languages in the world derive from a universal grammar and that syntactic differences in languages have emerged through certain transformations. His understanding of deep and surface structures in language has shed light on how languages work. This article first introduces Chomsky's theory of tranformational-generative grammar, which he developed in the 1950s as well as his government and binding theory developed in the 1980s. It then analyzes the typology of relative clauses within the context of Orkhon Turkic. In Turkey studies on relative clauses often employ a morphological approach. This study considers the relative clause as a structure instead and analyzes it from a morphosyntactic-semantic perspective. In other words, the study regards the relative clause not only as a word but also as a morphosyntactic element that plays a role both in its own governing domain and in the governing domain of the independent clause. The study looks into the role played by the modified noun transferred from the deep to the surface structure and attempts to determine the typology of the relative clause structure that emerges as a result of this process. © Ahmet Yesevi University Board of Trustees.Item Central Asia as the focus of the struggle for power and legitimacy: The language and education policies of the Soviet Government; [İktidar ve meşrulaştırma mücadelesinin odaǧı orta Asya: Sovyetlerin dil ve eǧitim politikaları](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2009) Karabulut F.In this study we focused on the language and education policies of the Soviet Government and Communist Party concerning Central Asian Turks through the analysis of textbooks used in schools. We tried to examine the struggle for hegemony and power during the process of Russianization. In order to bring to light the struggle for hegemony applied upon Turkic people and to analyze the policies carried out by Russians, we made use of Michel Foucault's work and his model concerning power and its apparatuses. While focusing on the Soviet Government's Central Asian language and education policy, we examined two primary school textbooks (one of the most significant normalization techniques of the government) published in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in 1962 and attempted to show what kind of a role these books on reading and language learning played in the legitimization of power. © Ahmet Yesevi University Board of Trustees.Item Environmental problems in the Black Sea region and local and regional perspectives for cooperation; [Karadeniz'de çevre sorunları ve i̇şbirligine yönelik yerel, bölgesel perspektifler](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2011) Ökmen M.As environmental problems acquired an international significance following the Second World War, they began to occupy a more important role within the foreign policies of many states. Unlike the past, today environmental problems have local, national and international concern. The environmental problems in the Black Sea region are a good example for this phenomenon. These problems have affected all six countries on the Black Sea coast. The current study analyzes these problems in detail. It intends to detect the potential reasons for problems and provide suggestions to solve these problems by considering the economic dimensions. Also, the role and importance of voluntary organizations in solving environmental problems are emphasized. © Ahmet Yesevi University Board of Trustees.Item The determinants of tax culture in transition economies: The case of kyrgyzstan; [Geçiş ekonomilerinde vergi kültürü ve etkileyen faktörler: Kirgizistan örneği](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2015) Abdiyeva R.; Özdil T.; Pirimbayev C.The government needs reliable and permanent financing resources to carry out its functions successfully and effectively. Reliable and permanent finance resources depend on the efficiency of the tax system. The success of the tax system depends on how well taxpayers fulfill their tax obligations. In our study we research tax culture and its determinants in Kyrgyzstan. The most important factors affecting tax culture are: trust in the government, quality of public services, and informal economy. The results were analysed through t-test, chi-square test and factor analysis by using SPSS program. © 2015, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved.Item Factors determining the efficiency of higher education in the european union and Turkey; [Avrupa birligi ülkeleri ve türkiye’de yüksekögretimde etkinligi belirleyen faktörler](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2015) Bursalıoğlu S.A.; Selim S.Higher education institutions that shape today’s information society are important actors in providing economic development and growth and competitive advantage to countries in the international arena, as well as in providing prestige and a high level of income to individuals. In this regard, besides the educational service quality, innovation capacity, R&D potential, cooperation with industry and the roles in the regional development of higher education institutions, it is also important to investigate their efficiency in academic and research activities and the factors that determine this efficiency. This study aims to analyze Turkey’s and 17 of the EU member states’ higher education efficiency and the effects of various factors on the efficiency scores. To these aims, Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit regression model are employed respectively. According to the findings, an increase in the ratio of public expenditure in higher education to GDP, in the number of students per academic and in the number of academics negatively affect the efficiency scores. However, the increase in the employment rate of higher education graduates, in the ratio of higher education graduates to the total population and in the life satisfaction of the individuals with higher education positively affects the efficiency scores. © 2015, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved.Item Self-care and aesthetic orientations in veiled women; [Tesettürlü kadınlarda öz bakım ve estetik yönelimler](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2015) Fidan F.Z.The criteria for physical beauty predicted by modernity are accepted universally, and self-care practices have been developed to reach these criteria. Recently, the generally accepted aesthetic determinations have also been internalized by veiled women, and women’s orientations concerning beauty have been shaped based on modern ideas. The contradiction between veiled women’s beauty orientation and religious discourse has been softened through religious interpretations but it has not fully disappeared. The most essential arguments softening the existing contradictions in modern society are the representation of the veiled woman as a sign of beauty and her responsibility of protecting religious men from sin. © 2015, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved.Item The reflection of the wealth tax in the Turkish novel; [Varlık Vergisinin Türk Romanında Yansıması](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2016) Gökbunar R.; Çandır M.; Arslan A.; Özcan P.M.Turkey experienced a serious economic crisis during the Second World War. During this period, defense expenditures increased and agricultural production plummeted. First in Ankara and then in İstanbul, bread was given out in rations and essential goods such as flour, sugar, and medicine became hard to find. Life became very expensive, and a black market emerged from these circumstances. New and unusual tax programs had to be implemented in order to meet the demands of the war time economy. The wealth tax that was introduced for this purpose is not very different from the tax laws implemented in Europe during times of war. The wealth tax left indelible memories on society during this period. The memories, emotions, and thoughts created by the wealth tax appear in novels of the period. This study examines novels that document emotions related to the wealth tax, which is one of the most controversial topics of Turkish economic history. © 2016, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved.Item Propaganda during the crimean war (1853-1856): Images of the war and the enemies in Russian popular culture; [Kırım savaşı (1853-56) döneminde propaganda: Rus popüler kültüründe savaş ve düşman imgesi](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2019) Acar K.Fought among Russia and the Ottoman Empire, France and England, the Crimean War of 1853-56 resulted in the defeat of Russia. Even though Russia had some successes against the Ottoman Empire in the Eastern front, it couldn’t hold it against France in the Crimea and was defeated by English naval power. Despite this fact, lubki books and pictures published during the war depicted Russia as victorious. Examining some examples of lubki pictures and books, this article aims to analyze Russian war propaganda during the Crimean War. © 2019, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved.Item Zhenotdel (The women's section of the communist party) and its works in the Turkestan; [Jenotdel (Komünist parti kadın birimi) ve türkistan’daki çalışmaları](Ahmet Yesevi University, 2019) Özdemir B.Women took on many roles during and after the revolution, and in this way, they were one of the most important supporters of the Communist Party. However, in the early years there were concerns of the Communist Party about the establishment of a separate women’s organization, since separate women’s organizations might lead to feminist deviations. But the women leaders, including Alexandra Kollontai and Inessa Armand, rejected any parallels to feminist ideology and convinced the Communist Party for the establishment of the Zhenotdel. The tasks of Zhenotdel was to help in the emancipation of women from the drudgery of private child care and food preparation and also to help to resolve the issues of abortion, prostitution, unemployment etc. Another task of the Zhenotdel was to become a part of the Soviet society the so-called “women of the East”-the Muslim women. This paper aims to analyze development of women’s movement in Russia, establishment process of the Zhenotdel and the content of its works, and also its propaganda for Muslim women in the Turkestan. © 2019, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved.