Browsing by Publisher "BIOMED CENTRAL LTD"

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    Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 12 Hospitals in Turkey
    (BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Yildiz, Ö; Çoban, AY; Sener, AG; Coskuner, SA; Bayramoglu, G; Güdücüoglu, H; Özyurt, M; Tatman-Otkun, M; Karabiber, N; Özkütük, N; Aktepe, O; Öncü, S; Arslan, U; Bozdogan, B
    Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens and is also emerging in Turkish hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolated from Turkish hospitals. Materials and methods: A total of 397 MRSA strains isolated from 12 hospitals in Turkey were included to present study. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested using agar dilution method. Presence of ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, tetM, tetK, linA and aac-aph genes were studied by PCR. Results: All strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The susceptibility rates for fusidic acid, lincomycin, erythromycin, tetracyclin, gentamycin, kanamycin, and, ciprofloxacin were 91.9%, 41.1%, 27.2%, 11.8%, 8.5%, 8.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Lincomycin inactivation was positive for 3 isolates. Of 225 erythromycin resistant isolates 48 had ermA, 20 had ermC, and 128 had ermA-C. PCR was negative for 15 strains. Of 3 isolates with lincomycin inactivation one had linA and msrA. Of 358 gentamycin resistant isolates 334 had aac-aph and 24 were negatives. Among 350 tetracyclin resistant isolates 314 had tetM. Of 36 tetM negative isolates 10 had tetK. Conclusion: MRSA isolates from Turkish hospitals were multiresistant to antimicrobials. Quinolone and gentamycin resistance levels were high and macrolide and lincosamide resistance were relatively low. Susceptibility rates for fusidic asid were high. Linezolide and vancomycin resistance are not emerged. The most common resistance genes were ermA, tetM and aac-aph. Evolution of antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance genes profiles of MRSA isolates should be surveyed at regional and national level for accurate treatment of patients and to control dissemination of resistance genes.
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    The association of self-esteem, depression and body satisfaction with obesity among Turkish adolescents
    (BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Ozmen, D; Ozmen, E; Ergin, D; Cetinkaya, AC; Sen, N; Dundar, PE; Taskin, EO
    Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to examine the effects of actual weight status, perceived weight status and body satisfaction on self-esteem and depression in a high school population in Turkey. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 2101 tenth-grade Turkish adolescents aged 15 - 18 was conducted. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using weight and height measures. The overweight and obesity were based on the age- and gender-spesific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force values. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and depression was measured using Children's Depression Inventory. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine relationships among the variables. Results: Based on BMI cut-off points, 9.0% of the students were overweight and 1.1% were obese. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ( 1) being male and being from a higher socio-economical level were important in the prediction of overweight based on BMI; ( 2) being female and being from a higher socio-economical level were important in the prediction of perceived overweight; ( 3) being female was important in the prediction of body dissatisfaction; ( 4) body dissatisfaction was related to low self-esteem and depression, perceived overweight was related only to low self-esteem but actual overweight was not related to low self-esteem and depression in adolescents. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that school-based adolescents in urban Turkey have a lower risk of overweight and obesity than adolescents in developed countries. The findings of this study suggest that psychological well-being of adolescents is more related to body satisfaction than actual and perceived weight status is.
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    FISH panel and prognosis with AML's trisomy 8
    (BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Çolak, E; Gerik-Çelebi, HB; Çam, FS
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    (Un)Awareness of Allergy
    (BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Kalpaklioglu, AF; Kalkan, IK; Akcay, A; Reisli, I; Can, D; Uzuner, N; Yuksel, H; Kirmaz, C; Gulen, F; Ediger, D
    Background: Allergy is associated with considerable morbidity. Objective: The aim of this multicenter study was to provide insight into allergy knowledge and perceptions among the population. Methods: During the World Allergy Day, several allergy clinics conducted public meetings to encourage the awareness of and education in allergy. At the beginning, participants filled out a questionnaire to assess their knowledge about what is allergy and to determine by whom those symptoms are cared. Results: A total of 256 participants (187 women/69 men, mean age, 31.2 +/- 12.5 years) completed the survey. Of the 202 participants with symptoms, 58.9% had physician-diagnosed allergic disease. Among the 19 symptoms evaluated, 56.5% of the symptoms were recognized as related with allergy, and this increased in compliance with education level (r = +0.427; P < 0.001) but not with diagnosed allergy (P = 0.34). Sneezing was the most common symptom thought to be related with allergy-related symptom (77.5%), whereas loss of smell was the least one (37.9%). Participants were more likely to be cared by an allergologist (72.9%) followed by other specialties, when experiencing allergy. Conclusions: Increasing the awareness for allergic symptoms is the key not only for the diagnosis but also for the optimal treatment. Therefore, education is an important component of prevention and control of allergic diseases.
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    Violence against women: The perspective of academic women
    (BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Kalaca, S; Dundar, P
    Background: Opinion surveys about potential causes of violence against women (VAW) are uncommon. This study explores academic women's opinions about VAW and the ways of reducing violence. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this descriptive study. One hundred-and-fifteen academicians participated in the study from two universities. A questionnaire was used regarding the definition and the causes of VAW, the risk groups and opinions about the solutions. Additionally, two authors interviewed 8 academicians from universities other than that of the interviewing author. Results: Academicians discussed the problem from the perspective of gender-based violence rather than family violence. The majority of the participants stated that nonworking women of low socioeconomic status are most at risk for VAW. They indicated that psychological violence is more prevalent against educated women, whilst physical violence is more likely to occur against uneducated and nonworking women. Perpetrator related factors were the most frequently stated causes of VAW. Thirty-five percent of the academicians defined themselves as at risk of some act of VAW. Recommendations for actions against violence were empowerment of women, increasing the educational levels in the society, and legal measures. Conclusions: Academic women introduced an ecological approach for the explanation of VAW by stressing the importance of taking into account the global context of the occurrence of VAW. Similar studies with various community members -including men- will help to define targeted interventions.
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    The interrelations of radiologic findings and mechanical ventilation in community acquired pneumonia patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a multicentre retrospective study
    (BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Erdem, H; Kocak-Tufan, Z; Yilmaz, O; Karakurt, Z; Cilli, A; Turkan, H; Yazicioglu-Mocin, O; Adiguzel, N; Gungor, G; Tasci, C; Yilmaz, G; Oncul, O; Dogan-Celik, A; Erdemli, O; Oztoprak, N; Tomak, Y; Inan, A; Tok, D; Temur, S; Oksuz, H; Senturk, O; Buyukkocak, U; Yilmaz-Karadag, F; Ozturk-Engin, D; Ozcengiz, D; Karakas, A; Bilgic, H; Leblebicioglu, H
    Background: We evaluated patients admitted to the intensive care units with the diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) regarding initial radiographic findings. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was held. Chest x ray (CXR) and computerized tomography (CT) findings and also their associations with the need of ventilator support were evaluated. Results: A total of 388 patients were enrolled. Consolidation was the main finding on CXR (89%) and CT (80%) examinations. Of all, 45% had multi-lobar involvement. Bilateral involvement was found in 40% and 44% on CXR and CT respectively. Abscesses and cavitations were rarely found. The highest correlation between CT and CXR findings was observed for interstitial involvement. More than 80% of patients needed ventilator support. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) requirement was seen to be more common in those with multi-lobar involvement on CXR as 2.4-fold and consolidation on CT as 47-fold compared with those who do not have these findings. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) need increased 8-fold in patients with multi-lobar involvement on CT. Conclusion: CXR and CT findings correlate up to a limit in terms of interstitial involvement but not in high percentages in other findings. CAP patients who are admitted to the ICU are severe cases frequently requiring ventilator support. Initial CT and CXR findings may indicate the need for ventilator support, but the assumed ongoing real practice is important and the value of radiologic evaluation beyond clinical findings to predict the mechanical ventilation need is subject for further evaluation with large patient series.
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    Antituberculosis drug resistance patterns in adults with tuberculous meningitis: results of haydarpasa-iv study
    (BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Senbayrak, S; Ozkutuk, N; Erdem, H; Johansen, IS; Civljak, R; Inal, AS; Kayabas, U; Kursun, E; Elaldi, N; Savic, B; Simeon, S; Yilmaz, E; Dulovic, O; Ozturk-Engin, D; Ceran, N; Lakatos, B; Sipahi, OR; Sunbul, M; Yemisen, M; Alabay, S; Beovic, B; Ulu-Kilic, A; Cag, Y; Catroux, M; Inan, A; Dragovac, G; Deveci, O; Tekin, R; Gul, HC; Sengoz, G; Andre, K; Harxhi, A; Hansmann, Y; Oncu, S; Kose, S; Oncul, O; Parlak, E; Sener, A; Yilmaz, G; Savasci, U; Vahaboglu, H
    Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to antituberculosis drugs is an increasingly common clinical problem. This study aimed to evaluate drug resistance profiles of TBM isolates in adult patients in nine European countries involving 32 centers to provide insight into the empiric treatment of TBM. Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 142 patients and was tested for susceptibility to first-line antituberculosis drugs, streptomycin (SM), isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF) and ethambutol (EMB). Results: Twenty of 142 isolates (14.1 %) were resistant to at least one antituberculosis drug, and five (3.5 %) were resistant to at least INH and RIF, [multidrug resistant (MDR)]. The resistance rate was 12, 4.9, 4.2 and 3.5 % for INH, SM, EMB and RIF, respectively. The monoresistance rate was 6.3, 1.4 and 0.7 % for INH, SM and EMB respectively. There was no monoresistance to RIF. The mortality rate was 23.8 % in fully susceptible cases while it was 33.3 % for those exhibiting monoresistance to INH, and 40 % in cases with MDR-TBM. In compared to patients without resistance to any firstline drug, the relative risk of death for INH-monoresistance and MDR-TBM was 1.60 (95 % CI, 0.38-6.82) and 2.14 (95 % CI, 0: 34-13: 42), respectively. Conclusion: INH-resistance and MDR rates seemed not to be worrisome in our study. However, considering their adverse effects on treatment, rapid detection of resistance to at least INH and RIF would be most beneficial for designing anti-TB therapy. Still, empiric TBM treatment should be started immediately without waiting the drug susceptibility testing.
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