Browsing by Publisher "Canadian Science Publishing"

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    Determining the velocities and angles for a free kick problem
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2015) Pakdemirli M.; Aksoy Y.
    The free kick problem is considered for three distinct cases: (i) no air drag or lift, (ii) linear drag, and (iii) linear drag and lift. For the first case, closed form formulas are derived for the initial velocities and angles. For the second case, two coupled algebraic equations written from the trajectory equation are given and solved numerically for the initial velocities and angles. For the third case, the equations of motion are solved approximately using perturbation techniques assuming the lift coefficient to be small compared to the drag coefficient. Because the time variable cannot be eliminated between the equations, four coupled sets of algebraic equations are solved numerically for the initial velocities and angles. All three results are compared with each other and the influences of drag and lift coefficients on the velocities and angles are outlined. © 2015 Published by NRC Research Press.
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    Chemistry of plant extracts directs the silver nanostructures’ crystal structure into hexagonally close-packed: a comparative study using elecampane and blueberry extracts
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2024) Tepe M.; Zeybek M.S.
    In this study, silver nanostructures (AgNSs) were obtained using aqueous extracts of elecampane (Inula viscosa) andblue berry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.). The synthesized AgNSs were characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometers, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optimization studies revealed that pH and the extract/AgNO3 ratio played significant roles in the morphology and size of the AgNSs, while temperature did not show any significant role. Both the blueberry and elecampane extracts resulted in a mixture of spherical and aspherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In contrast, utilization of a relatively high extract/AgNO3 ratio accompanied by an extended incubation period (i.e., 10 days) caused the formation of larger spherical (e.g., up to micron-sized) and large 1D AgNPs for the blueberry and elecampane extracts, respectively. The major difference related to the crystal structures was obtained, as the blueberry extracts resulted in face-centric cubic crystals, and the elecampane extracts allowed the formation of hexagonally close-packed (hcp) crystalline structures. The AgNPs were tested for their antibacterial activities using gram (−) andgram(+) bacterial species, where the elecampane-synthesized AgNPs possessed higher antibacterial activity that can be attributed to the hcp crystalline structure of the AgNPs. © 2024 The Author(s).
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    Mitogenome evolution in Trichoderma afroharzianum strains: for a better understanding of distinguishing genus
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2024) Özkale E.; Doğan Ö.; Budak M.; Korkmaz E.M.
    Trichoderma afroharzianum (Hypocreales) is known as an important mycoparasite and biocontrol fungus and feeds on fungal material by parasitizing other fungi. Recent studies indicate that this species is also an ear rot pathogen in Europe. Here, the complete mitochondrial genome of three T. afroharzianum strains was sequenced using next-generation sequencing and comparatively characterized by the reported Trichoderma mitogenomes. T. afroharzianum mitogenomes were varying between 29 511 bp and 29 517 bp in length, with an average A + T content of 72.32%. These mitogenomes contain 14 core protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, one gene encoding the ribosomal protein S3, and three or four genes including conserved domains for the homing endonucleases (HEGs; GIY-YIG type and LAGLIDADG type). All PCGs are initiated by ATG codons, except for atp8, and all are terminated with TAA. A significant correlation was observed between nucleotide composition and codon preference. Four introns belonging to the group I intron class were predicted, accounting for about 14.54% of the size of the mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the positions of T. afroharzianum strains within the genus of Trichoderma and supported a sister group relationship between T. afroharzianum and T. simmonsii. The recovered trees also supported the monophyly of all included families and of the genus of Acremonium. The characterization of mitochondrial genome of T. afroharzianum contributes to the understanding of phylogeny and evolution of Hypocreales. © 2024 The Author(s).