Browsing by Publisher "Chemical Publishing Co."
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Item Nutritional status of upland cotton by chemical analysis of soil and plant in a semi-arid environment(Chemical Publishing Co., 2006) Aydin Ş.; Röck-Okuyucu B.; Yener H.; Çakici H.Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the major agricultural export products of Turkey. This study was carried out in the area of Denizli, a semi-arid environment, which belongs to the Aegean region of Turkey, where cotton is a major crop. Soil and cotton leaf samples (Nazilli 84) were taken from 80 representative cotton fields (two samples from each sampling point) of a total area of 281.3 ha. In the soil samples pH, CaCO3, total soluble salt and some chemical analyses (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) were carried out. In the leaf samples macro and micro elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were analyzed. The results of the soil and leaf analyses were compared in order to determine the nutritional status of the cotton soils and plants and thus to assess the potential of the cotton soils as accurately as possible, which in turn facilitates the possibility to work out specific and appropriate fertilization programs for the region. The soil analyses showed that the soils need 41.3% N, 100% P and 57.5% K fertilization. This result was confirmed by the plant analyses. Regarding micro-elements the soil analyses indicated only Zn deficiency (98.7%), but the leaf analyses also revealed Cu deficiency and showed only partly due to former Zn foliar sprayings Zn deficiency. As high pH and high lime concentrations of the soils can negatively affect the uptake of nutrients, this factor has to be taken into account when preparing fertilization programs and choosing the fertilizer form and type.Item Effects of different types and levels of zinc sulphate applications in vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.) in a semi-arid environment(Chemical Publishing Co., 2007) Aydin Ş.; Yaǧmur B.; Hakerlerler H.; Çoban H.The present study was carried out to determine the effect of soil and foliar applications of different rates of zinc in the vicinity of Alaşehir, one of the most important viticultural centres in the Westem Aegean Region where the round seedless grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.) is widely grown, on productivity and some chemical quality characteristics as well as leaf primary and secondary elements. Zinc was applied to soil and foliage as ZnSO4·7H2O in the experiment with four replications. One soil application (0-15-30-45 g ZnSO4·7H 2O/vine) in addition to foliar application replicated three times (0.0-0.025-0.050-0.10% Zn). Both soil and foliar zinc sulphate (ZnSO 4·7H2O) applications increased the amount of fresh grapes per vine.The highest yield was observed at 30 g ZnSO4· 7H2O level per vine in soil application and at the rate of 0.05% Zn in foliar application. Zinc sulphate produced a significant positive effect on the contents of primary and secondary elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) of the leaf (lamina and petiole) with the exception of the leaf petiole manganese content in the soil application and the leaf petiole copper content in the foliar application. Soil and foliar applications of zinc sulphate negatively affected the firmness of the berry flesh. The only fruit quality characteristic positively affected by soil and foliar applications of zinc sulphate was the amount of total soluble solids. Despite the fact that the soil application of zinc sulphate did not have any significant effect on some sugar fractions, the foliar application increased only the fructose and α-glucose significantly. In conclusion, it was established that foliar application of zinc sulphate was slightly more effective on yield as well as some quality characteristics as compared to soil application. Therefore, it was concluded that foliar application could be preferred as it is more economical and easier to apply.Item Determination of the nutrition standard of soil and leaf analysis of Bozcaada Çavusu grape variety grown in Çanakkale, Turkey(Chemical Publishing Co., 2007) Demirer T.; Müftüoglu N.M.; Dardeniz A.; Örs T.Present study was carried out to determine the nutritional standard of Bozcaada Çavusu grape varieties, grown in Çanakkale. It was studied on the leaf blade and petiole samples, obtained from 20 vineyards on berry set stage and chosen on the soil samples, taken from 0 to 30 cm and 30 to 60 cm depth. There is no problem with pH, texture, exchangeable calcium, potassium, zinc and copper. Organic matter in all soil samples, phosphorus in 11.1 %, iron in 75 %, manganese in 50 % is inadequate. Nitrogen found was not enough in all leaf petiole sample units 60 % of leaf blade, phosphorus was found not enough in 40 % of leaf blade and in 67 % of leaf petioles. Calcium was also found at enough level in 95 % of leaf blade and in all of leaf petiole samples. The magnesium determined was not enough level in all leaf blade and 70 % of leaf petiole samples. The important negative and positive correlation, at 1 and 5 % levels, were obtained between the content of nutrient elements of soil characteristics and leaf blade and leaf petiole, according to the soil depth. On the other side, the important negative and positive correlation, at 1 and 5 % levels, were determined between the content of nutrient elements of leaf blades and leaf petioles.Item Determination of polyphenol oxidase activity during rooting in cutting of some grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.)(Chemical Publishing Co., 2007) Çoban H.Poly phenol oxidase (PPO) activity was investigated during rooting in cuttings from six grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Sultana, round seedless, Yalova incisi, Trakya ilkeren, Pembe Gemre and Cardinal) and the enzyme activity and rooting ability were compared. Rooting was observed on Sultana, round seedless, Yalova incisi and Trakya ilkeren cuttings, but not on the pembe gemre and cardinal cuttings. PPO activity started to increase in the early stage of the experiment and decreased after root emergence in the Sultana, round seedless, Yalova incisi and Trakya ilkeren cuttings. However, enzyme activity started to increase in the early stages and continued throughout the experiment in the pembe gemre and cardinal cuttings. In concluded that PPO does not any effect on the after formation of the root. However, it is found that PPO affects cell division, cell differentiation and the development of root primordial considerably.Item Effects of plastic covering on yield, physical and chemical characteristics of some table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)(Chemical Publishing Co., 2007) Çoban H.This study was aimed to determine the effect of plastic covering on phonological stages (bud-burst, blooming, verasion, ripening) and the physical characteristics (the yield, cluster weight, cluster length, cluster width, berry weight, berry length, berry width, berry rupture point force, shoot weight, shoot length) as well as the chemical characteristics (total soluble solids, titratable acidity and sugar fractions) of Cardinal, Yalova Incisi and round seedless grape cultivars. The trial were planed as a plastic greenhouse for each variety. The greenhouse, including three lines of the vines were covered by 5.0 m in height and 8.0 m in width with UV and IR type of polyethylene, from mid-February to mid-April. Side lines were ignored due to the border effect and only middle lines of the vines were statistically analyzed by t-test for paired plots.Item Iodine content in breast milk samples in the Aegean region in Turkey(Chemical Publishing Co., 2008) Avcibasi U.; Altunata T.In this study, the iodine content in breast milk was measured by Sandell-Kolthoff s method. The milk was obtained from 40 healthy mothers, aged 20 to 37, from the pediatric division of Ege University hospital. All mothers were from Aegean region of Turkey. Comparisons were made with commercial milk samples. Destruction of organic matter by using alkaline ash method was carried out prior to determination by Sandell-Kolthoff reaction based on iodine's catalytic effect on the Ce(IV)-As(III) system. The iodine concentration ranges were within 19.1 and 94.2 μg/kg in breast milk samples. Results obtained in this study clearly showed that breast milk samples did not have iodine deficiency which can lead to goiter and iodine concentrations of market milk were at sufficient level in the Aegean region of Turkey.Item An investigation on the effects of a zinc complex on goose genomic DNA(Chemical Publishing Co., 2008) Kadir Devrim A.; Arslantas A.; Kaya N.; Necefoglu H.A zinc complex with p-aminobenzoate [Zn(p-H2NC6H 4 COO)2(H2O)4]n·1. 5nH2O has been synthesized. The interaction of the complex with genomic DNA was investigated by viscosity measurements and spectrometric methods. The experimental results indicated that complex bound to DNA by intercalative mode via the ligand. In this study, DNA breaking activity of the compound have also been examined through an agarose gel electrophoresis experiment using genomic DNA. The result showed that no DNA breakings took place. The electrophoretic mobility of the bands was observed to decrease slightly as the concentrations of ZnPAB were increased from 0.065 to 0.65 and 65 mM. The change in mobility could be due to a change in conformation of the DNA.Item Effect of phosphonic acid (2-chloroethyl) on physical and chemical characteristics of trakya ilkeren and red globe table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)(Chemical Publishing Co., 2008) Çoban H.In this study, the effect of phosphonic acid (2-chloroethyl) on the physical and chemical characteristics of Red globe and Trakya ilkeren table grapes were determined. The experiment was completely randomized block desing with 10 treatment combinations replicated in three blocks. Ethephon (active ingredient of Ethrel®, containing 480 mg L-1 ethephon) of four dosages and a control (0 control, 150, 300, 450, 600 mg L-1) were applied at a spray volume of 1000 (L ha-1) to bunches using a backpack pressure sprayer with hand to ensure thorough wetting and applications times (T1-T4). The application times (T) may be described as follows :T1-beginning of berry colour; T2-20 to 25 % berry colour; T2-40 to 50 % berry colour and T4-80 to 90 % berry colour. It was found that various ethephon application times and dosages generally had statistically no significant effects on physical characteristics (berry weight, berry length, berry width) and sugar fractions (fructose, β-glucose, α-glucose, sorbitol, galactose) in all grape varieties. However, chemical characteristics were observed a decrease titratable acidity and an increase total soluble solids and the amount of color pigments (total anthocyanins). As results of the study, general recommendations are made of 300 (mg L-1) ethephon for Red globe and Trakya ilkeren table grapes, both applied at 20 to 25 % berry colour (T2).Item Toxic elements leachability tests on light weight fly ash bricks(Chemical Publishing Co., 2009) Cengizler H.In present work, a series of batch leach tests were carried out to investigate the leachability of some toxic elements contained in the light weight fly ash bricks. The primary aim of these tests was to find out whether the light weight fly ash bricks were environmentally safe. The tests simulating the acid rain environment and natural rain water were conducted to gain insight regarding the behaviour of the elements during weathering. The light weight fly ash bricks were tested using the TCLP method and ASTM method A extraction to determine their toxicity levels.Item Assessment of groundwater vulnerability contamination potential of konya, turkey, using hydrogeological specifications and GIS(Chemical Publishing Co., 2009) Nalbantcilar M.T.; Guzel A.; Durduran S.S.The aims of this study to assess the potential groundwater contamination impacts on unconfined aquifer from which most of the drinking water in a part of Konya is withdrawn. For assessing the vulnerability, 7 hydrogeological maps are used. These maps, depth to the groundwater, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity are established and overlaid in GIS for the area. The overlaid (DRASTIC index) map indicates high vulnerability potential at central areas of the city. Groundwater samples are collected from different vulnerable areas. Chemicals (As, Cd, Ni and Pb) are analyze for testing of contamination degree. It is observed that the vulnerability category determines the contamination degree. The model is a useful and correct technique for assessing the aquifer safety.Item Effect of salt in irrigation water on some physical and chemical properties of lettuce plant and soil(Chemical Publishing Co., 2010) Yagmur B.; Aydin S.; Okur B.; Coskun A.Knowledge of salt tolerance in vegetable plants is necessary to increase productivity and profitability of crop irrigated with saline waters. This research was carried out in Celal Bayar University, Alasehir vocational school glasshouse which is in Manisa, Alasehir located in the west part of Agean region. The purpose of the experiment is to determine salinity effects on some chemical and physical properties of lettuce plant and soil and some vegetative growth parameter of plant which is irrigated with water having different concentrations of salt (NaCl). The experiment was established in a randomized block design with four replications. Salinity levels are in five levels as 0-4-8-12-16 dSm -1 EC. Depending on increasing salt concentration m irrigation water, from the soil saturation extract values, especially Na + from cations and Cl - from anions which are dominant compared to others (K +, Mg 2+, SO 4 2-, HCC 3 -) and also increase of total soluble salt values have caused some negativeness in plant production. Different EC levels in irrigation water showed an important effect on K + and Na + content of soil and only Na + content of plant. Highest values were generally obtained at 4 dSm -1 EC for lettuce plant vegetative growing parameters such as dry and fresh head weight, head length and leaf number per plant. However, the increase in salt content of water (> 4 dSm -1 EC) affected negatively these vegetative growing parameters.Item Mineral compositions of some selected centaurea species from Turkey(Chemical Publishing Co., 2014) Kayalar H.; Durmuskahya C.; Hortooglu Z.S.Centaurea calolepis Boiss., Centaurea lydia Boiss. and Centaurea polyclada DC. were investigated for major minerals and trace elements by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Calcium and potassium were found in maximum concentrations in Centaurea species. The results revealed that the concentrations of iron, manganese and zinc were found to be high in C. calolepis. On the other hand, copper, magnesium and phosphorous were found in higher concentrations in C. polyclada. Mineral composition of Centaurea species, will be descriptive in terms of the traditional use of this species. In addition, C. calolepis, C. lydia and C. polyclada may be utilized in nutraceuticals as potential natural sources of major minerals and trace elements.