Browsing by Publisher "Elsevier Ireland Ltd"

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    Assessment of the effectiveness of postmenopausal tibolone therapy on neural functions by measuring visual evoked potentials: A placebo-controlled study
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2001) Laçin S.; Oruç S.; Karaca S.; Kusçu K.; Koyuncu F.; Uyar Y.; Çaglar H.
    Objective: To assess the effect of hormone replacement therapy on neural transmission in postmenopausal women using tibolone by a non-invasive, objective way. Study design: In a randomised, 3 cycle, placebo-controlled study, neurovisual transmission in optic pathways were evaluated by measuring visual evoked potentials (VEP). After neuroophtalmologic examination, eligible subjects were randomised into two groups. Treatment group (n = 38) were given tibolone 2.5 mg daily continuously for 3 months and control group (n = 20) were treated with placebo. A baseline VEP measurement before the treatment and then at the end of first, second and third month were obtained by the EMG-evoked system in the Department of Neurology, University of Celal Bayar, Manisa, Turkey. Results: Data from 31 women from treatment group and 16 from control group were available for evaluation. The mean P 100 latency values, which indicate the transition time period between the optic stimuli and electrical change recorded on the occipital area by the skin electrodes, have showed a significant decrease for the study group (from 100.39 ± 0.58 to 97.90 ± 0.65 ms, P < 0.01) at the end of the first month of treatment according to the baseline values. This difference between two groups has remained constant during the study period. Conclusion: The change in latency measurements of VEP, reflecting the functional status in optic pathways from retina to occipital cortex were significantly different in the treatment group than in that of control. We concluded that a facilitating effect of tibolone was observed on neurovisual transmission. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Rupture of rudimentary horn pregnancy at the 15th week of gestation: A case report
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2002) Kuşcu N.K.; Laçin S.; Kartal O.; Koyuncu F.
    A patient with acute abdomen at 15th week of gestation underwent an emergency laparatomy. A ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy was diagnosed, and the rudimentary part including the fetus and the accessories was resected. The mother survived without any complications. Copyright © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
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    Pleomorphic adenoma originated from the inferior nasal turbinate
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2003) Unlu H.H.; Celik O.; Demir M.A.; Eskiizmir G.
    Although pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands, it has also been reported to be present in the neck, ear, mediastinum, external nose and nasal cavity. Intranasal localization of this lesion is very rare and mainly originates from the nasal septum. From wherever the lesion originates, the main treatment modality should be surgical. We presented a very rare case of intranasal pleomorphic adenoma originated from the inferior nasal turbinate. Due to the expansile nature of the lesion, a midfacial degloving approach was preferred. © 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    The inversely proportional relation between nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic plaque formation in human
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2003) Baskin Y.; Baskin H.; Guner G.; Tuzun E.; Oto O.
    It is known that in the presence of oxygen radicals, anti-atherogenic nitric oxide is converted into pro-atherogenic products, which increase lipid peroxidation. In this study, plaque-free atherosclerotic tissues (n=26), atherosclerotic plaques (n=26) and fetal tissues (n=2; as control) were evaluated. High nitrite, but low malondialdehyde, levels in non-atherosclerotic tissues may show the protective role of nitric oxide from atherosclerosis. In plaque-developed tissues nitrite levels were three times, and lipid peroxidation levels were 10 times, higher than non-plaque developed tissues. In the atherosclerotic plaque forming process, the role of nitric oxide can be discovered according to the lipid peroxidation of tissues. In conclusion, the results of this study show an inversely proportional relation between pro- and anti-atherogenic effects of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular diseases. © 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of different socioeconomic conditions on menarche in Turkish female students
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2004) Ersoy B.; Balkan C.; Gunay T.; Onag A.; Egemen A.
    Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the age at menarche, the menarcheal features, and the association between menarcheal age and socioeconomic status in an urban area in Turkey. In addition, we tried to assess whether there is a relationship between age at menarche and body composition. Methods: We asked some questions about menarche of 1017 female adolescent students in the high schools of Manisa region. Height and weight were measured. The body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was used as an index of relative weight. Adolescent girls were grouped into three socioeconomic status according to the educational and occupational levels of their parents. The age at menarche and the menarcheal pattern were evaluated according to the socioeconomic status. Results: The ages of girls involved in the study ranged between 14 and 18 years, with a mean of 15.7±1.1 years. Although the menarcheal age was found to be lower in girls with higher socioeconomic status, there was no significant difference between the three different socioeconomic status. In all of the three groups, menarche was more common in summer and fall than in spring and winter. Although the mother was an important source of knowledge in all groups, it was significantly more important in the group with high socioeconomic status. Adolescent girls with low socioeconomic status had fewer premenstrual complaints. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. We found an inverse correlation between menarcheal age and postmenarcheal weight and the BMI (r=-0.14, p=0.000). However, there was no correlation between menarcheal age and postmenarcheal height. Conclusion: These results indicate that as the social status differences decrease, the difference observed in menarcheal age and pattern disappears in urban areas of developing countries. Menarcheal age may be an indicator of socioeconomic development. It does not influence postmenarcheal height; however, as menarcheal age decreases, BMI increases. © 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Retinal artery macroaneurysm as initial presentation of hypertension
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2004) Sekuri C.; Kayikcioglu M.; Kayikcioglu O.
    A case of uncontrolled hypertension with a vitreoretinal hemorrhage due to a retinal artery macroaneurysm of the right eye and chorio-retinal scars of the left eye as initial symptom of hypertension is presented. End organ damage was undiagnosed until an intraocular hemorrhage appeared in the right eye. The hemorrhage and retinal macroaneursym disappeared spontaneously with proper medical therapy for hypertension. © 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Weil's syndrome in pregnancy [5]
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2005) Baytur Y.B.; Cabuk M.; Koyuncu F.M.; Lacin S.; Ceylan C.; Kandiloglu A.R.
    [No abstract available]
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    Is Toxoplasma gondii a potential risk for traffic accidents in Turkey?
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2006) Yereli K.; Balcioǧlu I.C.; Özbilgin A.
    In Turkey, traffic accidents are the major causes of mortality and morbidity. According to the statistics made by Turkish Security Headquarters in the year 2000, 7500 people are killed in the traffic accidents every year. Drivers are mostly blamed for the traffic accidents. Tired, weary, sleepy and absentminded driving are common reasons for traffic accidents due to many reasons. Among these reasons mental and reflex conditions of drivers are significant. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonoses throughout the world. In immunocomponent adults, toxoplasmosis has no clinical signs or symptoms and infection in such people can only be detected by serological examinations. This kind of latent or dormant toxoplasmosis can be located in neural or muscular tissues and cause prolonged reaction times of the muscles. Extended reaction times also lead to deceleration of the reflexes which could be a major cause of the traffic accidents. By the light of this situation, the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii is investigated among the population who were involved in a traffic accident while driving. A total of 185 people (100 men and 85 women), aged between 21 and 40 years, living in Izmir and Manisa cities, were enrolled in the study group (SG) during a period of 6 months time. Their informed consents were taken initially and the laboratory tests of all these individuals related to blood alcohol levels after the accidents were found negative. The control group (CG) were also consisted 185 people (95 men and 90 women), residents of the same region, in same age group. The people in CG had no clinical signs or symptoms concerning toxoplasmosis. All collected sera were examined using a commercial IgG and IgM ELISA kit. According to the results of serological tests of the SG, 45 (24.32%) sera were IgG positive, six (3.24%) were IgM positive and 10 (5.40%) were both IgG and IgM positive. On the other hand in CG, 12 (6.48%) people found IgG positive, one (0.54%) found IgM positive and three (1.62%) found both IgG and IgM positive. This data was considered as statistically significant by Yates corrected χ2-test. (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there is an increased risk for traffic accidents for drivers owing to these high seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis. Prospective studies are still necessary on this subject but latent toxoplasmosis of drivers should be taken into account while developing strategies to prevent traffic accidents in Turkey. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Identification of unknown bodies by using CT images of frontal sinus
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2007) Tatlisumak E.; Yilmaz Ovali G.; Aslan A.; Asirdizer M.; Zeyfeoglu Y.; Tarhan S.
    The aim of the study was to define a simple system for the identification of unknown bodies by using CT images of frontal sinus and to discuss whether it was worth to add measurements to the system or not. The system was including simple features as F (presence or absence of frontal sinus), S (intersinus and intrasinus septum) and S (scalloping), and named as FSS system. Measurements selected for the study were width, height, anteroposterior length, total width of two sinuses, the distance between the highest points of the two sinuses and the distance of each sinus to its maximum lateral limit. The study was conducted retrospectively on the paranasal CT scans of 100 cases (38 male and 62 female) who had no apparent sinonasal pathology. All the features and measurements were coded according to the system defined by the authors for each case and coded formulas were compared. At least 93% of the formulas could be eliminated for a case by using FSS system. The rate of success was increased to 98% by adding measurements. Contrary to objective criteria of FSS system, measurements were prone to bias. Therefore, in practice success rate would be expected to be lower than calculated. In the study population, instead of making 100 measurements, eliminating the most of the cases with FSS system and later discriminating the rest by pattern matching was seen logical. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    A comparative study of the effect of raloxifene and gosereline on uterine leiomyoma volume changes and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, bcl-2 and p53 expression immunohistochemically in premenopausal women
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2007) Baytur Y.B.; Ozbilgin K.; Cilaker S.; Lacin S.; Kurtul O.; Oruc S.; Koyuncu F.M.
    Objective: To compare the mechanism of action of raloxifene and gosereline induced shrinkage of leiomyomas via estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, bcl-2 and p53 expression immunohistochemically. Study design: Thirty-two premenopausal women affected by uterine leiomyomas were randomized into two equal groups. Group A was treated with gosereline (3.6 mg subcutaneous injection monthly) and group B was treated with raloxifene (60 mg daily per os) for 3 months before undergoing surgery. At entry and at the end of the treatment the leiomyoma volume was measured ultrasonografically and the volume change was calculated. Immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), bcl-2 and p53 were performed on leiomyoma tissue samples from group A, group B and the matched-control group. H-scores for ER, PR, bcl-2 and p53 were calculated. The mean volume changes of leiomyomas and immunohistochemical H-score differences of ER, PR, bcl-2 and p53 were compared between groups. Results: The leiomyoma volume decreased significantly after treatment in gosereline group from baseline of 65 cm 3 to 35 cm 3 , and in raloxifene group from 68 cm 3 to 50 cm 3 , p < 0.05. The difference between the before and after treatment leiomyoma volumes between the two treatments was not statistically significant. H-score of ER expression was significantly lower in gosereline group compared to control group (54.4 versus 113.2, p = 0.001), whereas H-score of PR expression was significantly lower with both gosereline and raloxifene groups compared to control group (64.8 for gosereline versus 94.6 for control, 73.6 for raloxifene versus 94.6 for control, p = 0.001). The bcl-2 expression was higher in both gosereline and raloxifene groups compared to control group (173.7 for gosereline versus 94.7 for control, 179.7 for raloxifene versus 94.7 for control, p = 0.001). The p53 expression was only lower with gosereline than the control group (169.4 versus 205.6, p = 0.001), whereas there was no significant change between the raloxifene group and the control group (201.9 versus 205.6) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Raloxifene was as effective as gosereline in reducing leiomyoma volumes. Decreased PR expression may be a mechanism for tumor growth reduction in raloxifene treatment. In both treatment modalities, the mechanism of shrinkage of leiomyomas could not be increased apoptosis mediated by bcl-2 and p53 expression and should be investigated by further studies. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Antenatal administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases fetal lung maturation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the fetal rat lung
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2008) Baytur Y.B.; Ozbilgin K.; Yuksel H.; Kose C.
    Objectives: We investigated how maternal administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced fetal lung maturation compared with dexamethasone and whether maternal administration of GM-CSF and dexamethasone influenced the fetal lung eNOS expression. Study design: Thirty pregnant rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each to receive GM-CSF, dexamethasone or saline solution at 16 days of gestation. Lung maturation using bronchial area and immunohistochemical lung airway epithelium and the vascular endothelial eNOS expression, using H Scores, were evaluated at 18 and 20 days of gestation. The statistical analysis was done with the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons of more than two groups and the Mann-Whitney U-test as a post hoc test using SPSS for windows release 10.0. Values of p > 0, 0.05 were considered significant. Results: On the 20th day of gestation both GM-CSF and dexamethasone injections caused a significant increase in fetal lung bronchial area, as compared with the controls (24.9%, 36.8%, 13.4%, respectively, p = 0.001). eNOS immunoreactivity was observed in the endothelium of large pulmonary vessels and large and small airway epithelium on the 18th and 20th day of gestation. Maternal GM-CSF and dexamethasone increased lung eNOS expression in the airway epithelium when compared to controls. Conclusion: Maternal administration of GM-CSF induced fetal lung maturation and this effect may be mediated, at least partly, by an increase in the eNOS expression. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    High dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy in the management of lung cancer: Response and toxicity evaluation in 158 patients
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2008) Ozkok S.; Karakoyun-Celik O.; Goksel T.; Mogulkoc N.; Yalman D.; Gok G.; Bolukbasi Y.
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the symptomatic and endoscopic responses as well as the toxicities in 158 patients with endobronchial lung cancer treated with high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDR-EB). Forty-three patients with stage III NSCLC were treated with 60 Gy external beam radiotherapy (ERT) and three applications of 5 Gy each of HDR-EB (group A). Seventy-four patients who did not receive previous RT were treated with 30 Gy ERT and two applications of 7.5 Gy HDR-EB with palliative intent (group B). Forty-one patients with recurrent tumor who were irradiated previously were treated with three applications of 7.5 Gy HDR-EB, with palliative intent (group C). In group A, bronchoscopic complete (CR) and overall response rates (ORR) were 67% and 86%, respectively. Symptomatic improvement was obtained in 58% of patients with cough, 77% of patients with dyspnea and 100% of patients with hemoptysis. Two and 5-year survival rates were 25.5% and 9.5%, respectively and the median survival time (MST) was 11 months. In group B, the bronchoscopic CR and ORR were 39% and 77%, respectively and 28% and 72% in group C. The symptomatic response rates were 57% and 55% for cough, 90% and 78% for dyspnea and 94% and 77% for hemoptysis, with a MST of 7 and 6 months in Groups B and C, respectively. Eighteen patients (11%) died of fatal hemoptysis (FH) with the median time to this event of 7 months. Treatment intent (p < 0.001), total BED (p < 0.001) and the number of HDR-EB fractions (p < 0.001) were significant prognostic factors for FH. HDR-EB provides effective palliation in relieving the symptoms of patients with endobronchial lung cancer, however, there is a risk of developing FH that is associated with a high BED and multiple HDR-EB applications. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    A case of shotgun injury which occurred while an unconventional home security alarm system was being checked
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2009) Asirdizer M.; Yavuz M.S.
    Installation of devices involving shotguns is rarely encountered in forensic medicine practice. In this case report, authors aimed to present an unusual and rare case of shotgun injury due to a home security alarm system and its legal assessment. An electrical technician was invited to a summer house to check a home security alarm system installed by another firm which he worked for previously. It was an unconventional home security alarm system attached to a shotgun. The technician was injured with 18 buckshot pellets (no: 4) while checking the system. The host was convicted of a possible intent to cause a life-threatening injury to the technician. We think that this verdict will set a precedent for similar cases. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    The importance of medico-legal evaluation in a case with intraabdominal gossypiboma
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2010) Uluçay T.; Dizdar M.G.; SunayYavuz M.; Aşirdizer M.
    Data concerning the incidence of gossypiboma tend to fluctuate and is difficult to estimate because of a low reporting rate lest medico-legal implication. Gossypiboma is frequently located in the abdominal and pelvic cavities after gynecologic and upper abdominal surgical operations but can also follow thoracic, orthopedic, and urological and neurosurgical procedures. In medical literature, there are few articles about the medico-legal evaluation of gossypiboma although it is typically subjected to a medico-legal process.In this article, we reported a 22-year-old female case with intraabdominal gossypiboma following a cesarean procedure and discussed the importance of medico-legal evaluation of gossypiboma. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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    Hepatic perfusion changes in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis: Evaluation by perfusion CT
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2010) Tutcu S.; Serter S.; Kaya Y.; Kara E.; Neşe N.; Pekindi G.; Coşkun T.
    Purpose: It is known that acute pancreatitis may cause secondary changes in several organs. Liver is one of these involved organs. In different experimental studies hepatic damages were shown histopathologically in acute pancreatitis but there are a few studies about perfusion disorders that accompany these histopathologic changes. Perfusion CT (pCT) provides the ability to detect regional and global alterations in organ blood flow. The purpose of the study was to describe hepatic perfusion changes in experimental acute pancreatitis model with pCT. Materials and methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats of both genders with average weights of 250 g were used. Rats were randomized into two groups. Twenty rats were in control group and 20 in acute pancreatitis group. pCT was performed. Perfusion maps were formed by processing the obtained images with perfusion CT software. Blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) values were obtained from these maps. All pancreatic and liver tissues were taken off with laparotomy and histopathologic investigation was performed. Student's t test was used for statistical analyses. Results: In pCT we found statistically significant increase in blood volume in both lobes of liver and in blood flow in right lobe of the liver (p < 0.01). Although blood flow in left lobe of the liver increased, it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The quantitative analysis of liver parenchyma with pCT showed that acute pancreatitis causes a significant perfusion changes in the hepatic tissue. Systemic mediators seem to be effective as well as local inflammatory changes in perfusion changes. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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    Effect of ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone on the expression of integrins alpha(3), beta(1) in the rat endometrium during the implantation period
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2010) Sendag F.; Akdogan A.; Ozbilgin K.; Giray G.; Oztekin K.
    Objective: To investigate the effect of exogenous ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) on the expression of integrins alpha(3), beta(1) in the rat endometrium during implantation. Study design: Following three successive normal estrous cycles the animals were divided into five groups: Group I (n = 10, control group) received no medication; Group II (n = 10) received 10 units of hMG; Group III (n = 10) received 20 units of hMG; Group IV (n = 10) received 10 units of rFSH; Group V (n = 10) received 20 units of rFSH at midday of middiestrous. The rats were then mated with fertile males. The animals were sacrificed on the day of implantation. The uterine horns were placed in fixative and paraffin blocks of the tissue were cut in 5 μm sections. The tissues were stained with primary antibodies; monoclonal anti-integrin alpha(3) and monoclonal anti-integrin beta(1) using immunohistochemical methods. The staining intensities of alpha(3) and beta(1) integrins were calculated separately for epithelium and stroma in each group. Results: Staining intensities of alpha(3) and beta(1) integrins in both the epithelium and the stroma were significantly lower in the treatment groups than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Ovarian stimulation by low and high doses of HMG and rFSH may have an effect on endometrial receptivity, possibly via a decrease in expression of integrins in the endometrium during the implantation period. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effectiveness of montelukast in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2013) Yilmaz O.; Altintas D.; Rondon C.; Cingi C.; Oghan F.
    Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood and carries significant morbidity as well as physical and psychosocial consequences. Therapy aims to alleviate clinical symptoms, prevent complications and improve psychosocial consequences. Leukotrienes which are amongst the main mediators in pathogenesis of AR have chemotactic properties and lead to increased vascular permeability. Thus, leukotriene antagonism may be an effective therapeutic option in treatment of allergic diseases, specifically AR. Montelukast which is a leukotriene receptor type I inhibitor has variable efficacy in children with AR and the guidelines recommend its use in children with seasonal AR aged six years and above. Although its efficacy is inferior to anti-histamines and intranasal corticosteroids, combination treatment may warrant clinical efficacy. Therefore, montelukast may be considered to be a well-tolerated therapeutic option for children with AR with minor side effects though long term results need to be assessed.In conclusion, larger scale research enrolling pediatric cases with seasonal and persistent AR are required before concise recommendations about montelukast use in pediatric AR can be made. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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    A diverse induction of apoptosis by trabectedin in MCF-7 (HER2-/ER+) and MDA-MB-453 (HER2+/ER-) breast cancer cells
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2013) Atmaca H.; Bozkurt E.; Uzunoglu S.; Uslu R.; Karaca B.
    Trabectedin (Yondelis, ET-743), a semi synthetic tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid that was originally derived from the marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata. The objective of this study was to investigate whether trabectedin mediated apoptosis shows any diversity in human breast cancer cell lines with different genotypes. Trabectedin induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in both breast cancer cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The expression levels of the death receptor pathway molecules, TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-R2/DR5, FAS/TNFRSF6, TNF RI/TNFRSF1A, and FADD were significantly increased by 2.6-, 3.1-, 1.7-, 11.2- and 4.0-fold by trabectedin treatment in MCF-7 cells. However, in MDA-MB-453 cells, the mitochondrial pathway related pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bad, Cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO, and Cleaved Caspase-3 expressions were induced by 4.2-, 3.6-, 4.8-, 4.5-, and 4.4-fold, and the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were reduced by 4.8- and 5.2-fold in MDA-MB-453 cells. Moreover, trabectedin treatment increased the generation of ROS in both breast cancer cells. We have shown that trabectedin causes selective activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in two genotypically different breast cancer cells. This preliminary data might guide clinicians to choose appropriate combination agents with trabectedin based on different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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    Mucosal trauma induced apoptosis in guinea pig middle ear: Comparision of hemostatic agents
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2014) Eren E.; Başoğlu M.S.; Kulduk E.; Şimsek F.; Inan S.
    Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS), microporous polysaccharide hemospheres (MPH), and Ankaferd on wound healing after middle ear trauma and to evaluate their ototoxicity in an experimental guinea pig model. Methods: Middle ear mucosal trauma was created in 21 healthy adult guinea pigs. MPH, Ankaferd, and AGS were applied into the right tympanic bulla of the guinea pigs (7 ears for each treatment modality). The left ears of the seven animals were used as the sham group. At the fourth postoperative week (28-30 days), the guinea pigs were decapitated. Apoptosis was investigated, and the expression of Bcl-xl, Apaf, p53, cytochrome 3, and caspase 3 were evaluated. Results: The Ankaferd and AGS groups demonstrated significantly lower epithelial thickness, inflammation, and capillary dilatation than did the control group ( p<. 0.001, <0.001, /0.001, <0.001/, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively). A statistically significant decrease in Bcl-xl staining was observed in the middle ears of animals treated with MPH ( p= 0.003). There was significantly higher caspase 3 expression in the Ankaferd and AGS groups than in the control group ( p<. 0.001 and p= 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Light microscopy indicates that Ankaferd and AGS create less inflammation and increased caspase expression, which seems to induce inflammatory cell apoptosis. Ankaferd seems to be a promising hemostatic agent in otology. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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    Social approach and avoidance behaviour for negative emotions is modulated by endogenous oxytocin and paranoia in schizophrenia
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2014) Brown E.C.; Tas C.; Kuzu D.; Esen-Danaci A.; Roelofs K.; Brüne M.
    Patients with schizophrenia suffer from dysfunctional social behaviour. Social approach and avoidance (AA) has been associated with motor responses, as the affective valence and gaze direction of facial stimuli can bias push and pull motor tendencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous oxytocin in social AA behaviour in schizophrenia. Basal plasma oxytocin levels were collected from 28 patients who were then given a joystick-based Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT). Reaction times were recorded and AAT effect scores calculated for responses to happy and angry faces, which either had direct or averted gaze. Individual differences in basal oxytocin had a significant relationship with AAT responses, and patients with higher levels of oxytocin tended to avoid angry faces more. Furthermore, greater avoidance of angry faces was correlated with more severe psychotic (positive and general) symptoms and greater paranoia. This suggests that the endogenous effects of oxytocin may be specific to the interpretation of negative threatening emotions in schizophrenia patients, and also provides evidence that psychotic symptoms and paranoia can impact on social AA behaviour by heightening threat avoidance. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.