Browsing by Publisher "Gazi Universitesi"
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Item Chemical composition of four wild edible mushroom species collected from southwest anatolia(Gazi Universitesi, 2010) Kalyoncu F.; Ergönül B.; Yildiz H.; Kalmiş E.; Solak M.H.Four different species of wild edible mushrooms (Armillaria mellea, Infundibulicybe geotropa, Meripilus giganteus and Sparassis crispa) representing four different families (Physalacriaceae, Tricholomataceae, Meripilaceae and Sparassidaceae) growing in southwest regions of Anatolia were analyzed for their Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb contents and ash, dry matter, protein, and fat levels. All mineral concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis (d.w.). The mineral content of mushroom samples ranged from 54.00 to 112.33 μg/ g d.w. for Fe, 66.50 to 117.33 μg/ g d.w. for Na, 32.33 to 117.00 μg/ g d.w. for K, 47.40 to 87.40 μg/ g d.w. for Zn, 54.30 to 74.67 μg/ g d.w. for Cu and not detected for Cd and Pb. Na content was higher than other minerals in all mushroom species. This research proves that wild edible fungi can be used in wellbalanced diets due to their nutritive values. Also, their heavy metal contents (Pb, Cd) shows that collection areas are not polluted, therefore all collected mushroom species can be unreservedly consumed without any health risk.Item Modelling of surface roughness performance of coated cemented carbide groove cutting tool via Artificial Neural Networks(Gazi Universitesi, 2011) Pinar A.M.The objective of the presented study is to model the effects of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the surface roughness (roughness average, Ra) in the turning process carried out by the grooving cutting tool by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). To realize this aim, twenty seven specimens are machined at the cutting speeds of 100, 140 and 180m/min, feed rates of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25mm/rev, and cutting depth of 0.6, 1.3 and 2mm in wet conditions. Data from these experiments are used in the training of ANN. When we compare the experimental results with the ANN ones, it is observed that proposed method is applied with an error rate of 8.14% successfully.Item A Chebyshev series approximation for linear second- order partial differential equations with complicated conditions(Gazi Universitesi, 2013) Yuksel G.; Sezer M.The purpose of this study is to present a new collocation method for the solution of second-order, linear partial differential equations (PDEs) under the most general conditions. The method has improved from Chebyshev matrix method, which has been given for solving of ordinary differential, integral and integro-differential equations. The method is based on the approximation by the truncated bivariate Chebyshev series. PDEs and conditions are transformed into the matrix equations, which corresponds to a system of linear algebraic equations with the unknown Chebyshev coefficients, via Chebyshev collocation points. Combining these matrix equations and then solving the system yields the Chebyshev coefficients of the solution function. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is illustrated in several numerical experiments and error analysis is performed.Item An efficient method based on lucas polynomials for solving high-order linear boundary value problems(Gazi Universitesi, 2015) Çetin M.; Sezer M.; Kocayiğit H.In this paper, a collocation method based on Lucas polynomials for solving high-order linear differential equations with variable coefficients under the boundary conditions is presented by transforming the problem into a system of linear algebraic equations with Lucas coefficients. The proposed approach is applied to fourth, fifth, sixth and eighth-order two-point boundary values problems occurring in science and engineering, and compared by existing methods. The technique gives better approximations than other methods, and has a lower computational cost. In addition, the error analysis based on residual function is developed for the present method and the improved approximate solution is obtained. Moreover, numerical examples are included to illustrate the practical usefulness and efficiency of the method. © 2015, Gazi University Eti Mahallesi. All rights reserved.Item An hybrid numerical algorithm with error estimation for a class of functional integro-differential equations(Gazi Universitesi, 2016) Gürbüz B.; Sezer M.In this paper, a numerical algorithm based on Laguerre and Taylor polynomials is applied for solving a class of functional integro-differential equations. The considered problem is transfered to a matrix equation which corresponds to a system of linear algebraic equations by Hybrid collocation method under the mixed conditions. The reliability and efficiency of the proposed scheme are demonstrated by some numerical experiments. Also, the approximate solutions are corrected by using the residual correction. © 2016, Gazi University Eti Mahallesi.All rights reserved.Item Investigation of the protective effects of acetyl L-carnitine on cisplatin-induced uterus toxicity(Gazi Universitesi, 2018) Seyhan S.; Saribas G.S.; Akcay N.C.; Gurgen S.G.; Akyol S.N.; Goktas G.; Hirfanoğlu I.M.; Erdogan D.; Ozogul C.Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the prophylactic effects of acetyl L-carnitine against to uterus induced by cisplatin. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control) was administered with saline; group II was administered with acetyl L-carnitine; group III was administered with cisplatin; group IV was pretreated with acetyl L-carnitine before cisplatin intraperitoneal injection. After 72h of cisplatin injection uterine tissue was removed. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations were performed, respectively. Results: We found that the number of TUNEL and caspases positive cells were increased in the endometrial epithelium, subepithelial connective tissue, endometrial glands and stroma in group III compare to the other groups. Furthermore inflammation and edema were observed in uterus of rats in group III. Conclusion: We can concluded that pretreatment of acetyl L-carnitine administration has protective effect on histological alteration of uterus caused by cisplatin. ©Copyright 2018 by Gazi University Medical Faculty.Item Evaluation of the reptilian fauna in amasya province, Turkey with new locality records(Gazi Universitesi, 2018) Sahin M.K.; Afsar M.The present study investigated the reptilian fauna in Amasya Province, Turkey. Reptile species were identified from collections made during field studies or recorded in literature, with some new locality records obtained. Field studies were undertaken over two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Two lacertid species, one skink species, two colubrid species and one viper species were officially recorded for the first time or their information was updated. In addition to species locality records, chorotypical and habitat selection were also assessed and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species criteria included. Data on the distribution and locality information for each taxon is also provided. Our findings demonstrate that Amasya might be an ecotone zone between the Mediterranean, Caucasian, and European ecosystems. Although there are some concerns for the sustainable dynamics of reptilian fauna, relatively rich and different European nature information system habitat types provide basic survival conditions for reptilian fauna in the province. © 2018, Gazi University Eti Mahallesi. All rights reserved.Item Effects of various antioxidants on rat lung tissue during chemotherapy: Electron microscopic study; [Kemoterapi Uygulamasinda Çeşitli Antioksidanlarin Siçan Akciǧer Dokusu Üzerindeki Etkileri: Elektron Mikroskobik Çalişma](Gazi Universitesi, 2021) Yazici G.N.; Gürgen S.G.; Sunar M.; Elmas C.Objectives: This study uses transmission electron microscopy technique to investigate the efficacy of different antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and selenium) in repairing or reversing lung damage caused by the possible adverse effects of the chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide) application on the lung tissue of the subjects. Materials and Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each: (I) control, (II) cyclophosphamide only (75 μg/kg), (III) cyclophosphamide (75 μg/kg) + ascorbic acid (200 μg/kg/day), (IV) cyclophosphamide (75 μg/kg) + α-tocopherol (150 μg/kg/day) and (V) cyclophosphamide (75 μg/kg) + selenium (40 ppm/kg/day). At the end of the experimental period the rats were sacrificed and the left lung of the subjects was removed and placed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in a 1/15 μ phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The tissues were then stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate to enhance the contrast, and examined and photographed with an electron microscope (Carl Zeiss 900 EM). Results: Alveolar type II cells were found to have degenerated in the cyclophosphamide-treated lung tissues. Vacuolization and crystolisis of mitochondria, disruption of the lamellar order and indications of apoptosis were observed. In the α-tocopherol group, mitochondria were normal and fibrosis was reduced. In this group, damage to the cell membrane and defects of lamellar bodies were present. Other groups produced similar results to the cyclophosphamide group. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that from all the antioxidants administered to rats during chemotherapy, only α-tocopherol was efficient in healing the tissue damage caused by cyclophosphamide. © Copyright 2021 by Gazi University Medical Faculty.Item Investigation of engine performance and emission characteristics of organic-based manganese addition into waste fusel oil-diesel mixture; [Atık fuzel yağı-motorin karışımı içerisine organik esaslı mangan ilavesinin motor performansı ve emisyon karakteristiklerinin araştırılması](Gazi Universitesi, 2021) Üstün S.In this study, 8ppm, 12ppm and 16ppm organic resin-based manganese (OrbMn) was added into the mixture (F10DF90) consisting of 10% waste fusel oil and 90% diesel fuel engine (DF) by volume. Input parameters (adding 8ppm, 12ppm and 16ppm OrbMn into the volumetric blended 10% fusel oil and 90% DF fuel diesel mixture, motor speed (d/dk), brake torque (Nm)), output parameters (Torque, power, specific fuel consumption, The effects of CO, HC, NOx and CO2) as exhaust temperature and exhaust emission data have been extensively studied. Research results data have been compared with DF data. It has been observed that 12ppm manganese added test fuel gave positive results compared to F10DF90 test fuel, 8ppm and 16ppm manganese added test fuels. After the addition of 12 ppm manganese, it was found that the torque and power values of the engine are close to those of diesel fuel and decrease in the exhaust gas temperature. CO2 and NOx emissions decreased by 13.17% and 17.02% on average, respectively. © 2021 Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik. All rights reserved.Item Linear vibration movements of the mid-supported micro beam; [Ortadan mesnetli mikro kirişin doǧrusal titreşim hareketleri](Gazi Universitesi, 2021) Akkoca S.; Baǧdatli S.M.; Toǧun N.K.In this study, the vibration behavior of the center supported micro beam is analyzed. The microbeam has a ceramic property and placed inside the electric field, and the vibrational characters are examined by changing the positions of the supports. The equations of motion are obtained by using the modified couple stress theory and Hamilton principle. The equation of motion is solved by using the method of multiple scales time that one of the perturbation methods. Natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained depending on the dimensionless parameters like support position, coefficient of stress and coefficient of microbeam. As a result of the data obtained in the study, an increase was observed in the 1st mode natural frequency values of the micro beam with the movement of the support position towards the midpoint of the beam, while an increasing and decreasing wavy situation was encountered in the 2nd and 3rd mode natural frequency values. If the micro-beam coefficient value was increased, the frequency values increased at the same stress coefficient and mode value, except for the position ç = 0.1. It has been observed that the dimensional effect gives a distinctive feature to the vibration action of the micro beam at this location of the support. However, it has been observed that increasing the stress coefficient value does not have a great effect on the micro beam natural frequency. © 2021 Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik. All rights reserved.Item Current and Future Trend Opportunities of Thermoelectric Generator Applications in Waste Heat Recovery(Gazi Universitesi, 2022) Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Mamur H.; Ustuner M.A.; Dilmac O.F.Today, with the increase of industrialization, the waste heat emitted by the industrial machines used has started to increase. Therefore, the energy efficiency of these devices also decreases. In addition, this waste heat remains a bad factor that plays a role in the world's climate change. Governments are implementing incentive policies to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, both scientists and engineers strive for a cleaner environment and energy. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are one of the devices that contribute to energy efficiency and sustainable energy production by ensuring the recovery of a certain part of the waste heat emitted by these machines to the environment. The TEGs have found traditional uses from the waste heat of microprocessors to the waste heat of stoves. However, their proliferation is limited by their efficiency less than 10% and their high purchasing costs. Academicians and engineers continue to work without slowing down to overcome these. The semiconductors with low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity are the main subjects studied in this field. With overcoming these difficulties, it is aimed to use thermoelectric generators in the future to convert the waste heat of almost all devices into electrical energy. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the current innovations of TEGs and to determine the future trend. Among the main findings of this study, it is predicted that TEGs will be widely used in areas where there is a need for silent and maintenance-free energy in the future. © 2022, Gazi Universitesi. All rights reserved.Item The Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on the Neurofilament and Nerve Growth Factor Expression after Gentamicin Induced Cochlear Damage; [Gentamisin ile Oluşturulan Kohlear Hasar üzerine N-Asetilsisteinin Nörofilament ve Sinir Büyüme Faktörü Salınımına Etkisi](Gazi Universitesi, 2022) Sarsmaz H.Y.; Gürgen S.G.; Somdaş M.A.Objective: To investigate of the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing cochlear damage due to gentamicin by the means of expression of neuronal factors Metods: In our study, 36 female Spraguea Dawley rats were used. They were divided into 3 groups such as (saline), Gentamicin + Serum physiological (saline) and Gentamicin + NAC. After 15 days, the rats were sacrificed. Cochleae were removed and examined histopathologically. The immunoreactivity of neurofilament and neuronal growth factor primary antibodies was examined in the tissues taken. Results: Neuroflament immunoreactivity was quite significant in afferent and efferent nerve bundles in the saline group and Gentamicin + NAC group, whereas it was weak in the Gentamicin + serum physiological group. Also neuronal growth factor immunoreactivity was moderate in afferent and efferent nerve bundles in the saline group and Gentamicin + NAC group, it was negative at vestibular ganglia, and weak in afferent and efferent nerve fiber bundles in the Gentamicin + serum physiological group. Conclusion: It was shown immunohistochemically that ototoxicity caused by gentamicin was significantly reduced when the NAC combination was applied. © Copyright 2022 by Gazi University Medical FacultyItem Development of jerk/acceleration limited tool path planning algorithm for circular and helical motions of CNC machining tools; [CNC tezgâhlarinda dairesel ve helisel hareketler için jerk/ivme sinirlandirmali yörünge planlama algoritmasinin geliştirilmesi](Gazi Universitesi, 2022) Kelekçi E.; Kizir S.Improvement of CNC machines' operating performance and product processing capabilities, which are an important part of industrial production, has been an important subject of academic studies. In this study, jerk and acceleration limited tool path planning algorithm for the circular and helical motions of industrial CNC machining is proposed to provide high speed, high precision and vibration-free machine operations. The most important contribution of the study is the development of a circular/helical trajectory planning algorithm, which eliminates the disadvantages of existing methods in the literature that normally cause contour errors and deflections from the main trajectory, based on the X-Y-Z and R information in G02/G03 commands. Also, it is proposed that applying the interpolation process on the basis of constant jerk speed profiles that do not exceed the acceleration capacities of the axis motors according to optimum velocity values at the command line transition points. The proposed methods are verified by two applications of the product processing on a 4-axis industrial CNC-Milling Machine. The axis motors on the CNC machine are controlled over the EtherCat protocol using CNC control unit software developed by the authors. Trajectory tracking performance of the axis motors controlled with 1ms sampling time is analyzed based on the error evaluation criteria. The processed products using over a thousand lines of G-code files show that the mathematical structure of the tool path planning algorithm is robust and comprehensive. © 2022 Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik. All rights reserved.Item A hybrid approach based on deep learning for gender recognition using human ear images; [Insan kulaǧi görüntüleri kullanarak cinsiyet tanima için derin öǧrenme tabanli melez bir yaklaşim](Gazi Universitesi, 2022) Karasulu B.; Yücalar F.; Borandaǧ E.Nowadays, the use of the human ear images gains importance for the sustainability of biometric authorization and surveillance systems. Contemporary studies show that such processes can be done semi-automatically or fully automatically, instead of being done manually. Due to the fact that deep learning uses abstract features (i.e., representation learning), it reaches quite high performance values compared to classical methods. In our study, a synergistic gender recognition approach based on hybrid deep learning was created based on the use of human ear images in classifying people fully automatically according to their gender. By means of hybridization, hybrid deep neural network architectural models are used, which include both convolutional neural network component and recurrent neural network type components together. In these models, long-short term memory and gated recurrent unit are taken as recurrent neural network type components. Thanks to these components, the hybrid model extracts the relational dependencies between the pixel regions in the image very well. On account of this synergistic approach, the gender classification accuracy of hybrid models is higher than the standalone convolutional neural network model in our study. Two different image datasets with gender marking were used in our experiments. The reliability of the experimental results has been proven by objective metrics. In the conducted experiments, the highest values in gender recognition with hybrid models were obtained with the test accuracy of 85.16% for the EarVN dataset and 87.61% for the WPUT dataset, respectively. Discussion and conclusions are included in the last section of our study. © 2022 Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik. All rights reserved.Item The Comparison of Classical and Bayesian Structural Equation Models Through Ordered Categorical Data: A Case Study of Banking Service Quality(Gazi Universitesi, 2023) Erkan G.; Dogan M.; Tatlidil H.This study aims to compare classical Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling (BSEM) in terms of ordered categorical data. In order to show the relationship between service dimensions and banks’ customers’ satisfactions, a data were analyzed with classical SEM and BSEM parameter estimation methods. In the Banking Service Quality Scale (SERVQUAL), which consists of sequential categorical data, classical SEM and BSEM were compared to evaluate customer satisfaction. In classical SEM, parameter estimations were made according to the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method. In most of the studies using SERVQUAL in the literature, the results found in previous studies could not be used as prior informative because the service dimensions consisted of different number of factors. For this reason, considering that the results could yield similar results with the ML estimation method due to the high sample size, the use of conjugate prior was preferred instead of the non-informative prior due to the ordinal categorical nature of the data in the BSEM analysis. Since the questionnaire used in the study had a Likert type scale structure, the threshold values were calculated for ordered categorical data and used as prior informative. Thus, by using the threshold values obtained from the data set, a faster convergence of the parameters was achieved. As a result, service dimensions affecting satisfaction according to the ML parameter estimation method were found, Assurance, Physical Appearance, and Accessibility. In addition to these, Reliability as a service dimension was found to be also statistically significant in BSEM. © 2023, Gazi Universitesi. All rights reserved.Item The effects of alkali, alkali-acid and sandblasting surface treatments applied before Tantalum-Oxide coating with magnetron sputtering on the wear behavior of 7075 Aluminum alloys; [Magnetron sıçratma ile Tantal-Oksit kaplama öncesi uygulanan alkali, alkali-asit ve kumlama yüzey işlemlerinin 7075 Alüminyum alaşımlarının aşınma davranışlarına etkileri](Gazi Universitesi, 2023) Gül C.; Albayrak S.; Çinici H.; Algan Şimşek İ.B.Aluminum alloys are alloys that are widely used in many sectors due to their high specific strength and are constantly being developed to adapt to today's developing technology. Among these alloy groups, the use of 2XXX and 7XXX series alloys, which are alloy groups that can be hardened by precipitation hardening, is even more common. In this study, an amorphous tantalum-oxide layer was coated by magnetron sputtering method in order to improve the wear resistance of 7075 aluminum alloys. It was applied to the sample groups after polished, sandblasted, alkali, and alkali acid treatments, and the effect of the surface treatments applied before coating on the wear performances after coating was investigated. The effect on the surface morphologies after coating was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and their structural analysis was investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The wear behavior of the samples was determined by the ball-on disc wear test performed at room temperature under dry sliding conditions and by SEM examinations, wear track profile measurements, average volume loss calculations and friction coefficient evaluations performed after wear. After the coating process, Ta2O5 coating was obtained in an amorphous structure without cracks, voids, and heterogeneity. Coating thicknesses were measured as ≅2.5-5µm. The highest wear resistance among all samples was observed in the samples coated after alkali and alkali acid treatments, and it was observed that the volume losses after wear decreased by 69-77% compared to the polished and untreated sample. © 2023 Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik. All rights reserved.Item Failure analysis of cardan shaft’s flange yoke fracture occurred during torsional fatigue test; [Torsiyonel yorulma testi sırasında kırılan kardan miline ait çatallı flanş parçasının hasar analizi](Gazi Universitesi, 2023) Akkaş O.; Işık E.; Çulha O.In this study, the analysis and characterization of the failure that occurred during the torsional fatigue test of the flange yoke unit part of the cardan shaft used in heavy commercial vehicles were carried out. In order to determine the root cause of the failure according to the production, structure, property and performance relationship in materials science, chemical analysis of the steel raw material used in the production of flange yoke, hardness measurement, grain size analysis, decarburization measurement, inclusion analysis and raw material characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out. As a result of the studies, it was determined that the values obtained for 41Cr4 steel raw material were conformant according to the TS EN ISO 683-2 standard, but in the SEM examination and EDS analysis, elongated MnS inclusions in the microstructure and cracks were detected at the interface of the metal matrix and MnS inclusions. In this context, as a result of the characterization of the flange yoke unit part, it was determined that the MnS ratio was 2-4 μm x 898-1.181 μm according to the ASTM E45 standard, at the same level as the raw material and equivalent to the A-type value of 3.0-3.5. It was determined that MnS inclusion formations in the subsurface region formed crack propagation zones. © 2023 Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik. All rights reserved.Item A real-time simulation environment architecture for autonomous vehicle design; [Otonom araç tasarimi için gerçek zamanli benzetim ortami mimarisi](Gazi Universitesi, 2023) Özçevik Y.; Solmaz Ö.; Baysal E.; Ökten M.Various proposed approaches for autonomous driving basically involve an image processing and a machine learning process. It is extremely important to use appropriate image processing techniques and a comprehensive data set in these approaches. Moreover, the proposed model must work in real-time. On the other hand, designing and manufacturing an autonomous vehicle model results in serious hardware costs. In addition, the design and manufacturing processes need to be repeated to develop new approaches. In this context, utilizing a real-time simulation environment can be seen as a suitable approach for a less costly prevalidation of such models. In this study, a real-time simulation architecture is developed with Unity framework to test an autonomous driving model. In addition, an autonomous driving model that includes lane tracking and object recognition approaches is proposed, and an autonomous vehicle simulation is created. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed simulation architecture is tested with the convolutional neural networks-based YOLO algorithm and R-CNN algorithm versions. According to the findings, it is observed that Faster R-CNN, Mask R-CNN and YOLO-v4 algorithms produce results with 91%, 93% and 95% accuracy, respectively. It has been determined that these results are close to the accuracy rates obtained on different traffic sign data sets in the literature. Considering the outcomes, it is argued that a vehicle simulation with an autonomous driving model has been successfully tested in the proposed system architecture. © 2023 Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik. All rights reserved.Item Emerging Opportunities and Challenges of Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine(Gazi Universitesi, 2024) Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Mamur H.; Ustuner M.A.; Korucu H.Nanomedicine encompasses a wide range of utilizations, including medical biological devices, nanoparticles (NPs), nanoelectronic biosensors, and possible future applications of molecular nanotechnologies, such as biological machines. Understanding toxicity and environmental impact problems is a current challenge in nanomedicine. The advancement of NPs in nanomedicine foresees emerging opportunities that may change healthcare by enhancing pharmaceutical effectiveness. This review may reveal novel and improved biomedical significance by delving deeper into advanced growth methodologies and NP applications in nanomedicine. NPs' outstanding physical and chemical characteristics have advanced medical, diagnostic, and screening techniques. The present review offers a current overview of organic and inorganic nanoparticles, highlighting recent advancements, obstacles, and potential applications for nanomedicine. Also, the focus of this review is on a fundamental concept that underlies the creation of novel and successful therapies using NPs in the field of nanomedicine for the human body's lungs, heart, brain, and kidneys. This extensive and insightful information source would be beneficial to the advancement of nanomedicine. © 2024, Gazi Universitesi. All rights reserved.Item Influence of Leg Geometry on the Performance of Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric Generators(Gazi Universitesi, 2024) Hasan M.K.; Ustuner M.A.; Korucu H.; Bhuiyan M.R.A.; Mamur H.This study analyzed the significant performance using COMSOL Multiphysics software of thermoelectric modules (TEMs) fabricated from aluminium oxide (Al2O3), copper (Cu), and bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) materials, with a particular focus on investigating various leg geometries. The TEM design had Al2O3 for insulation, Cu for conducting, and Bi2Te3 for TE legs among the Cu. Investigated the influence of square and rectangular TE legs with heights of 2.0, 2.75, and 3.5 mm on critical parameters such as the normalized current density, electric potential, temperature gradient, and total internal energy within the TEM. Furthermore, the impact of varying thicknesses in the insulator and conductor layers of the TEM was explored. The results consistently demonstrated that the square leg geometry, particularly when configured with a height of 2.75 mm, outperformed other leg geometries. Consequently, it is suggested to adopt a square-shaped Bi2Te3 TEM measuring 1 mm × 1 mm × 2.75 mm with a 0.50 mm Al2O3 thickness and 0.125 mm Cu thickness during the manufacturing process. Investigate how temperature differences in TE device leg design are influenced by parameters such as the Seebeck coefficient (S), thermal conductivity (k), and electrical conductivity (σ). At lower temperatures, modeling reveals lower electrical conductivity and enhanced thermal conductivity, highlighting the significance of S = ± 2.37×10⁻⁴ V/K. This illustrates the high potential of TEM for applications in thermoelectric generator (TEG) manufacturing. © 2024, Gazi Universitesi. All rights reserved.