Browsing by Publisher "ISTANBUL UNIV, FAC LETTERS, DEPT PSYCHOLOGY"

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    Investigating Online Psychotherapy in the Framework of Ethical Codes
    (ISTANBUL UNIV, FAC LETTERS, DEPT PSYCHOLOGY) Sen Pakyürek, G; Yayin, BK
    The ways people communicate and interact have been changing over time as a result of the increasingly widespread developments and changes in technology. The use of the Internet, which has become an inevitable part of human life, increasingly raises the question of whether psychotherapy can be performed over the Internet. At the same time, doubts about the effectiveness of online psychotherapy; worries about not being able to establish a therapeutic alliance; the lack of technological infrastructure, privacy, and security; and ethical problems pose serious obstacles to the developments in this field. The aim of this study is to examine therapists' reactions to unexpected situations that occur in the literature within the framework of ethical codes and that are found to be the most concerning to therapists regarding online psychotherapy. This study's participants involve 43 therapists working in different provinces of Turkiye. The study examines online psychotherapy with the aim of revealing psychotherapists' perceptions with regard to hypothetical situations and analyzes the obtained data according to the qualitive analytical method of inductive thematic analysis. The findings can be grouped under five themes: (1) how to not lose control of the area of responsibility, (2) how to cope with out-of-control situations, (3) how to maintain the limits of competence, (4) how to cope with the lack of nonverbal cues, and (5) a red line not to be crossed (i.e., these participants do not prefer online therapy). When considering the findings regarding their views, they are seen to range from online therapy being considered completely unethical at one extreme and unethical not to use online therapies at the other. The study discusses these emerging themes with reference to the Code of Ethics of the Turkish Psychologists Association while also analyzing therapists' reactions to the situations and determining the needs for and resolving which items should be present in the code of ethics.
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    Evaluation of Emotional Recognition Memory in the Scope of Consolidation and Encoding Processes
    (ISTANBUL UNIV, FAC LETTERS, DEPT PSYCHOLOGY) Söylemez, S; Yasuk, B; Tanko, M; Kapucu, A
    Emotional and neutral stimuli may differ in recognition memory. Research focusing on consolidation and encoding processes has offered several explanations of this differentiation. In this study, two experiments were conducted to test how recognition memory differs from emotional and neutral stimuli in the light of these explanations. In Experiment 1, the effects of different retention intervals and an interference task were tested. Consolidation studies claim that both retention intervals and interference tasks provide memory advantages for emotional stimuli compared to neutral stimuli. In Experiment 2, the effects of presentation style (pure or mixed lists) and semantic relatedness were tested and were suggested as effective during the encoding process. Experiment 1 included 120 student participants and 60 students participated in Experiment 2. Participants' recognition memory performance was measured using signal detection analysis. Data from Experiment 1 indicated that neither the retention interval nor the interference task had significant effects on emotional recognition memory. However, emotion had a significant effect because participants presented a more liberal response bias toward emotional than neutral words and demonstrated a poorer recognition of these words than the neutral ones. Experiment 2 indicated that neither the presentation style nor semantic relatedness had significant effects on emotional recognition memory. On the other hand, emotion had a significant effect consistent with the first experiment. The liberal response bias shift and poorer recognition accuracy of emotional compared to neutral words were replicated. As a result, these two experiments using signal detection analysis demonstrated that the variables expected to be effective during the consolidation and encoding processes did not affect emotional recognition memory. However, the finding that emotion causes poorer recognition accuracy and higher liberal response bias in both experiments suggests that the function of emotion in memory may be the provision of liberal response bias rather than accuracy.