Browsing by Publisher "NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association"
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Item Effects of 8-week functional vs. traditional training on athletic performance and functional movement on prepubertal tennis players(NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2019) Yildiz S.; Pinar S.; Gelen E.In recent years, studies on functional training (FT) have gained importance among older adults and health care services, but there is a lack of research on the athletic performance of children. Fundamental movement skills are basic skills that need to be improved by the age of 10, and these skills are fundamental to every sport. While developing these basic movement skills, some athletic abilities of children should not be neglected and will be a basis for the future. In this way, children will have the ability to perform their sport-specific movement skills easily when the age of specialization comes. Our hypothesis is that increased functional movement will enhance athletic performance of child tennis players. Question of the study is “will increased functional movement enhance athletic performance of child tennis players?” The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the FT model on the athletic performance of young athletes. This study included 28 young tennis players (mean age: 9.6 ± 0.7, height: 134.1 ± 6.8, body mass: 31.3 ± 4.1, and fitness age: 3.1 ± 1.1) who have an 80% or more dominant side based on the lateralization test and a functional movement screen (FMS) score below 75%. Ten subjects were included in each of the FT group (FTG) and the traditional training group (TTG), 8 subjects were included in the control group (CG). The training program was implemented on 3 nonconsecutive days in a week for 8 weeks. All subjects performed CG exercises; FTG performed additional exercises based on the FT model, and TTG performed additional exercises based on the TT model. Flexibility, vertical jump, acceleration, agility, balance, and FMS tests were conducted before the training program, at the end of the fourth and the eighth week. The Friedman test analysis method bearing intragroup repeated measurements was used to evaluate the effects of the training program on the dependent variables among weeks (beginning the fourth week and the eighth week) since groups display distribution in nonparametric order. The differences between the averages were tested with Wilcoxon post hoc analyses. The Kruskal-Wallis Test analyses method was used to evaluate the effects of the training program on dependent variables among the groups (CG, TTG, and FTG). The differences between the averages were tested with Mann-Whitney U post hoc analyses. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were calculated to determine the test-retest reliability of all measurements. According to the data, there was no difference in performance measurements between CG, TTG, and FTG before the exercise program (p > 0.05), but the differences between the groups were significant (p < 0.01) after 4 weeks and 8 weeks. A significant decrease was found in FMS score in CG (p < 0.01), while no difference was found in other parameters (p > 0.05). In TTG, FMS score significantly decreased (p < 0.01), dynamic right balance (p < 0.01) and dynamic left balance (p < 0.05) increased. But, no statistically significant difference was found in other parameters (p > 0.05) in TTG. In FTG, all parameters improved, and differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001). Based on these results, the FT model seems to be more effective than the TT model in terms of increasing athletic performance. © 2018 National Strength and Conditioning Association.Item Autonomic Cardiac Activity Among Novice Archers During Baseline, Shooting, and Recovery(NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2020) Tok S.; Dal N.; Zekioǧlu A.; Çatikkaş F.; Balikçi I.; Doǧan E.In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) of novice archers may vary during baseline, shooting, and recovery periods. In addition, we aimed to explore whether HRV may have different patterns between successful and less successful archers and man and woman archers. The sample consisted of 39 (12 woman) novice archers ranging in age from 21 to 27. Baseline HRV activity was measured in the first stage of the experiment. Then, participants shot 10 arrows, from 18 m to an 80 cm diameter target, whereas their HRV was measured. Lastly, HRV recovery response was measured immediately after shooting. HRV was represented as low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio. When considering the entire sample, repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that only HF power differed among baseline, shooting, and recovery periods [F(2, 76) = 6.90, p = 0.002, ω2= 0.15]. When the data partitioned, based on the median split of the shooting scores, repeated measures of ANOVA demonstrated that none of the HRV components differed in the less successful group from baseline to recovery. However, in the successful group, both LF [F(1.47, 30.98) = 4.75, p = 0.024, ω2= 0.18] and HF [F(1.54, 32.37) = 6.61, p = 0.007, ω2= 0.24] power significantly differed among baseline, shooting, and recovery. No differences were found between man and woman archers in terms of HRV indices. The results of the present study indicated that physical activities requiring the use of perceptual motor skills, in addition to physical qualities, may lead to different HRV responses. Moreover, coaches aiming to develop archers' shooting accuracy may take into account LF power measured during an arrow shooting session. © 2020 NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association. All rights reserved.Item Effects of 6-Week Vibration vs. Nonvibration Foam Rolling on Performance-Related Physical Fitness Parameters in Young Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial(NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2025) Secer E.; Kaya D.O.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6-week vibration foam rolling (VFR) and nonvibration foam rolling (FR) on performance-related physical fitness parameters in young male soccer players. Thirty-six, volunteer, young, male soccer players (mean age: 15.55 ± 0.55 years) were randomly assigned into 3 groups: a VFR group (n = 12), a FR group (n = 12), and a control group (CG) (n = 12). The players in VFR and FR groups performed VFR or FR interventions thrice per week for 6 weeks (3 × 30 seconds for each muscle or body side). Testing measures included reaction time, assessed with the reaction time measuring device; agility, assessed with the t test; sprint, assessed with the 20-m sprint test; and anaerobic power, assessed with the Wingate anaerobic power test. Dominant lower-extremity reaction time improved in the VFR group when compared with the FR group {-1.93 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.07 seconds/-0.78 seconds)} and CG [-2.05 seconds (95% CI: -3.43 seconds/-0.67 seconds)]. Agility improved in the VFR and FR groups when compared with the CG [-0.90 seconds (95% CI: -1.26 seconds/-0.53 seconds), -0.53 seconds (95% CI: -0.95 seconds/-0.11 seconds), respectively]. Sprint improved in the VFR and FR groups when compared with the CG [-0.13 seconds (95% CI: -0.18 seconds/-0.07 seconds), -0.14 seconds (95% CI: -0.21 seconds/ -0.06 seconds), respectively]. In conclusion, both 6-week VFR and FR increased agility and sprint performances. Vibration foam rolling is more effective than FR for improving lower-extremity reaction time. Vibration foam rolling and FR could be relevant options for strength and conditioning coaches to improve the physical performance of soccer players. © 2025 National Strength and Conditioning Association.