Browsing by Publisher "National Institute of Health"

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    Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from community-acquired urinary tract infections during 1998-2003 in Manisa, Turkey
    (National Institute of Health, 2005) Kurutepe S.; Surucuoglu S.; Sezgin C.; Gazi H.; Gulay M.; Ozbakkaloglu B.
    Urinary tract infections are among the most common infections with an increasing resistance to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the change in antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) for the years 1998 through 2003 and to suggest that the current empirical antibiotic therapy used for these patients is inappropriate. During the study period, 7,335 community urine samples of which 1,203 (16.4%) grew bacterial isolates were analyzed. Among the total of 1,203 isolates, 880 (73.2%) were E. coli. The range of resistance of E. coli to ampicillin was 47.8 to 64.6% and that to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 37.1 to 44.6% during the study period. The susceptibility pattern of E. coli to nitrofurantoin and cefuroxime did not vary significantly over the 6-year period. There was a significant increase in the susceptibility of E. coli to ciprofloxacin (11.3-26.7%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (18.4-29.2%) and gentamicin (7.0-25.6%) (P < 0.05). Empirical initial treatment with ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was thus inadequate in approximately half of UTI cases in our region.
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    Characterization of rpoB mutations by line probe assay in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from the Aegean region in Turkey
    (National Institute of Health, 2007) Ozkutuk N.; Gazi H.; Surucuoglu S.; Gunduz A.; Ozbakkaloglu B.
    The nature and frequency of mutations in the rpoB gene of rifampicin (RIF)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates vary considerably according to the geographical location, and very little information is available regarding specific mutational patterns in our country. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency of mutations in the hypervariable region of the rpoB gene in RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from tuberculosis patients in our region by using the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB kit and to evaluate the performance of the kit for the detection of RIF-resistance. Mutations associated with RIF resistance were studied by line probe assay (LiPA) in 65 RIF-resistant and 56 RIF-susceptible M. tuberculosis strains isolated from different patients in the Aegean region of Turkey. The LiPA identified all susceptible strains (100%) as RIF-sensitive and 63 of 65 (96.9%) phenotypically documented RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates as RIF-resistant, with specific detection of mutation in 44 (67.7%) isolates, whilst 2 strains were identified as RIF-susceptible. The R5-pattern (Ser-531-Leu mutation) was the most frequently observed (35 of 65, 53.8%), followed by the ΔS2-pattern (7.7%) and ΔS4-pattern (7.7%).