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Item The relationship between gender and depression, self-esteem, hopelessness, submissive acts, guilt, shame and anger in adolescents(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009) Özmen E.; Özmen D.; Çetinkaya A.Ç.; Oryal Taskin E.; Dündar P.E.Literature Review and Objective: Although there were a number of research findings on gender differences in mental health problems, it is not known that it is a universal phenomenon or not. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gender and depression, self-esteem, hopelessness, submissive acts, guilt, shame and anger in Turkish adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1185 ninth-grade Turkish adolescents aged 14-19 was conducted. 708 (59.7 %) of the students were male and the mean age of students was 15.53±0.72. Hopelessness was measured by using Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), self-esteem was measured by using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), depression was measured by using Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), guilt and shame was measured by using Guilt and Shame Scale (GSS), submissive acts was measured by using Submissive Acts Scale (SAS), anger was measured by using The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS). Student’s t-test was used to find out the relationship between gender and depression, self-esteem, hopelessness, submissive acts, guilt, shame and anger in adolescents. Results: The findings indicate that the mean score of the SAS and BHS, anger control subscale of STAS of the boys were higher than that of the girls and the mean score of the CDI, guilt subscale of GSS, shame subscale of GSS, SES, trait anger subscale of STAS, anger-in subscale of STAS and anger-out subscale of STAS of the girls were higher than that of the boys. While there were statistically significant associations between gender and the SAS, BHS, CDI, guilt subscale of GSS, shame subscale of GSS, trait anger subscale of STAS, anger-out subscale of STAS and anger control subscale of STAS mean scores; no relationship was found between gender and the anger-in subscale of STAS and SES mean scores. Conclusion: The results of this study point out that there are gender differences in hopelessness, depression, guilt, shame, submissive acts and anger levels but not in selfesteem levels in Turkish adolescents. The findings suggest that psychological gender differences are seen not only in individualistic societies, but also in collectivistic societies. © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Domestic violence during pregnancy and responsibility of prenatal health care providers(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2010) Yanikkerem E.; Karadeniz G.; Ozer B.[No abstract available]Item Performance analysis of geothermal district heating and geothermal heat pump applications in buildings(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2011) Ozgener L.; Ozgener O.This study describes Geothermal District Heating Systems (GDHSs) and Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHPs) and their energetic and exergetic performance analysis. The case studies cover the actual system data taken from the systems, Turkey. General energy and exergy efficiencies of the GDHSs and GHP are introduced. Then this analysis applied to selected GDHS and GHP system using actual thermodynamic data for theirs recent performance evaluations in terms of energy and exergy efficiencies. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Specific surface area of fine-grained soils(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2011) Yukselen-Aksoy Y.; Kaya A.Clay has a very large specific surface area, which leads to much interaction of ionsand water molecules with the soil particles. However, specific surface area of soilsvariesgreatly because of differences in mineralogy, organic composition, and particle-sizedimension. For example, smectite has the largest SSA among the known clay minerals.Kaolinite has strong bonding forces between layers and they have no significant internalsurfaces.There are various methods to measure specific surface area including gas adsorptionin dry conditions and molecular adsorption in aqueous suspensions. SSA determinationmethods can be grouped into two main categories: gas adsorption and adsorption of polarliquids. Some of these techniques are: EGME, MB, p-Nitrophenol, polyvinylalcoholadsorption methods, etc. Although the physical definition of SSA is very straightforward,its accurate measurement is very difficult. This is because different SSA measuringtechniques yields different SSA values depending on the limitations of each method.Furthermore, some of the SSA measuring techniques are time consuming or requirespecial and expensive instrument.Currently, there is no standard SSA measuring technique for fine-grained soils.Researchers and engineers use the technique that is available in their institutes.Measurement of SSA of fine-grained soils resulted reports of inconsistent SSA values inthe literature. Hence, a simple and easily applicable method, which would yield reliableresults, is greatly needed. To investigate such a SSA measuring technique, one needs tocompare the commonly employed SSA measuring techniques. This is because some SSAmeasuring techniques measures only external SSA whereas other methods measure totalSSA (i.e., both external and internal SSA). For example, nitrogen is non-polar and doesnot penetrate into the interlayers of swelling clays. Thus, the SSA values obtained by thismethod only refer to external crystal surface. However, the retention of polar liquids suchas water, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) and methylene blue (MB) is then usedto estimate the total (external + internal) area of expanding layer silicates. These methodsyield widely different estimates of SSA. Therefore, it is important to interpret the resultsaccording to the soil mineral constituents and the method used to determine the SSA. © 2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Effects of micro pore characteristics on strength of cement mortar using artificial neural network(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2011) Ozturk A.U.; Onal O.Cementitious materials comprise a great part in construction process of structures such as buildings, bridges, roads and dams. The most expected properties of structural members prepared with cement mortar or concrete, are strength and durability. These structural members are supposed to have strength values determined in the structural analysis and to be durable against aggressive media in their service life. These characteristics are the most effective criteria in civil and material engineering. Therefore, these two parameters depend mainly on the pore structure and its characteristics of structural members. Nowadays, scientists and engineers are using new computer technologies, simulations and experimental techniques try to perform to characterize the inner structure of structural materials in order to define microstructural formations and the effects of microstructural phases such as pores on macro properties. New image capturing tools and their improved magnification capacity induced researchers to have an expanded view on investigation of microstructures. In addition, the results of these studies are simply not enough to realize the simulation of effects of inner structure. Some numerical and statistical methods performed by computers are needed at this stage. Artificial neural network (ANN) is one of these methods. In last decades, artificial neural network applications have become more considerable issue in engineering applications. In the scope of this chapter, pore area ratio values represent total pore area amount in a polished section of cement mortars were determined. Also, some pore characteristics representing the probability of channels between pores are investigated. The pore amounts and these pore characteristics are related to compressive strength values of cement mortars in order to establish a microstructure - macro property relationship. Thus, nondestructive methodologies and artificial neural network have been used in the prediction of a macro property, which only be determined by destructive testing techniques. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Behavior problems in relation to perceived social support(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012) Ikiz F.E.; Cakar F.S.All of us have an innate capacity and tendency toward being autonomous and to actualize self. However biological, interpersonal and environmental influences facilitate or hinder these tendencies and self-actualization efforts. Life-span development is considered as a continuous reordering of selfhood dynamics, which is expected to result in more structured and integrated patterns of internal complexity. Through a person's life-span development, adolescence is considered as an important developmental period because adolescence is a sense of personal identity achievement period which implies the assessments of strengths, weaknesses and the power to deal with them and results in the establishment of a meaningful and satisfying self-concept; a feeling of harmony with self. Behavior problems hinder the adolescents from the acquisition of the developmental tasks, from presenting the expected social roles, from feelings of competence and success and from a successful transition to young adulthood.Person's life affects his/her social circumstances and person's social circumstances affect his/her life. Accordingly, the disruptions in relations with significant others or caregivers affect to emerge in behavior problems. Relations with significant others, relationship between environmental conditions and child/adolescent well-being considered to be important to prevent the development of behavior problems. It has been proved that the perceived availability of social support buffers the effect of stress on psychological distress, depression, and anxiety.This chapter examines and argues the behavior problems of adolescents with respect to perceived social support. In this context, the developmental properties of adolescents and several theories examined adolescence and their contributions to behavior problems are reviewed. Social support and related constructs are indicated in line with the relevant literature. Perceived support from parents, from peers and from teachers are examined seperately. Particularly perceived social support effects on behavioral problems are argued. Gender effect on both behavior problems and perceived social support presented. Additionally a current research conducted by the authors and its results are introduced and discussed.Actually, behavior problems are given through a literatually accepted classification. They are classified as internalizing behavioral problems and externalizing behavioral problems. Internalizing behavioral problems are described under headings as depression/anxiety, social withdrawal, somatic/physical complaints. Externalizing behavior problems are characterized by behaviors that are harmful to others or disruptive indicates and these factors are described under headings as aggression and delinquency. The literature asserts that both developmental properties and social ties precipitate adolescents to develop behavior problems. When one examines fundamental theories, can understand the underlying dynamics more precisely.As a multi-dimensional construct, social support is best understood by including (1) the structure in which supportive transactions take place, (2) the support domains; e.g., emotional, financial, instrumental, informational support and (3) the subjective appraisal of availability and satisfaction with support. The literature offers many; however, most definitions refer to main types of support: emotional, informational, and instrumental that people provide to friends and family members in times of need. Emotional support involves the expression of empathy, reassurance, and positive regard, and is believed to enhance well-being by promoting self-esteem, reducing distress, and providing an emotional context for positive coping efforts. Informational support involves the provision of guidance, advice, or other information that can reduce confusion, increase perceptions of self-efficacy, and form the basis for positive coping strategies. Instrumental support refers to the provision of money, goods, and services that can be used in coping and problem solving efforts.Sources of social support include parents, teachers and peers who are in daily interaction with adolescents and who may provide different influences on their judgments of satisfaction and competence. Parental and peer dynamics and their associations in relation with healthy adolescent functioning are currently receiving much attention.Evidence demonstrates that supportive social relationships have been linked to adolescents' health, morale, and coping, conversely, low levels of social support have been linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Perceived social support has been found to be negatively related to behavior problems in adolescents; lower academic performance; lower global functioning. Behavior problems are considered as an important predictor of maladjustment in later life.Within the scope of this chapter, the results of the study conducted by the authors revealed that perceived social support from family, peers and teachers play a crucial role in behavior problems of adolescents, moreover perceived social support from parents make the highest contribution. Certainly, results are consistent with the literature. Consequently, social support is vital for adolescence healthy development especially in this day and time where technology progress quickly, values are discussed, schools and teachers are more demanding, acquiring a profession gets harder, violence is too often seen, adult supervision is reduced due to unmarriages or divorce and proportion of working parents is increased, adolescents become alone vulnerable to threats. Prevention strategies should be school-based and family-based generated and implemented. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Innovations in photobioreactors to investigate microalgal production(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Deniz I.; Imamoglu E.Development of innovative, cost-effective and highly efficient photobioreactors (PBRs) is becoming highly important because of the increasing demand for microalgal products. This chapter introduces the potential properties of microalgal PBR production. Recent studies on hydrodynamic parameters and geometrical configurations of photobioreactors are reviewed. Moreover, the large-scale production and industrial applications of PBRs, such as new trends for hydrogen production, advanced waste-water treatments and high-value products, are elucidated. Finally, economic assessments are explained. Recent examples are discussed in detail to raise the awareness PBR usage in various industrial areas. © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item The effects of lipoic acid on wound healing in a uterine injury rat model: Clinical perspectives in obstetric surgery(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2018) Goker A.; Kuscu N.K.Healing of the uterus after an obstetric or gynaecologic intervention is of great importance to maintain further pregnancies. Wound healing of the uterine tissue has not been widely studied but is gaining more importance with increasing caesarean rates in modern times. Alpha lipoic acid, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound has been studied in many fields of treatment. Wound healing is shown to be enhanced by alpha lipoic acid. A study on the effect of alpha lipoic acid on wound healing in a rat model and a general overlook about the compound has been reported. © 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Item THE EFFECTS OF LIPOIC ACID ON WOUND HEALING IN A UTERINE INJURY RAT MODEL: CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES IN OBSTETRIC SURGERY(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Goker A.; Kuscu N.K.Healing of the uterus after an obstetric or gynaecologic intervention is of great importance to maintain further pregnancies. Wound healing of the uterine tissue has not been widely studied but is gaining more importance with increasing caesarean rates in modern times. Alpha lipoic acid, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound has been studied in many fields of treatment. Wound healing is shown to be enhanced by alpha lipoic acid. A study on the effect of alpha lipoic acid on wound healing in a rat model and a general overlook about the compound has been reported. © 2020 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Visual evoked potentials and our studies(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Korkmaz T.; Kisabay A.Evoked potentials are electrical responses of the brain to light, sound, or electrical stimuli. Depending on the type of stimulus, they emerge as visual, auditory, or somatosensorial evoked potentials. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are electrophysiological signals taken from the electroencephalographic activity of the visual cortex and recorded the scalp over the cortex. VEPs depend on the functional integrity of the visual pathways at any level including optic components of the eyes, retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic radiations, and the visual cortex. On the pattern VEP recordings, 3 main components are observed which are called N75, P100 and N145. There are two types of recordings, known as pattern VEP and flash VEP. The presence of dopamine in the inner plexiform layer of the retina in mammals including humans and the fact that dopamine is not known to be an important transmitter anywhere in the visual system except for the retina, suggests that VEP abnormality is of retinal origin. Factors affecting VEP latency and amplitude include inflammation, hypoxia, and atherosclerosis. We have several publications on this topic on different groups of patients. This chapter of the book was intended to be written in order to explain and comment on our studies as well as the others on the definitions, types, recordings, waves, commenting normal and abnormal responses. Physiology and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying abnormal VEPs will also be discussed. © 2020 Nova Science Publishers, Inc..Item Effect of hyaluronic acid treatment in maintaining the physiological pregnancy: Preclinical evidence(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Micili S.C.; Gokei A.Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found ubiquitously in the extracellular matrix of all mammalian tissues. HA has important roles in cell growth, adhesion, migration and differentiation. It has dynamic roles in the extracellular matrix of normal reproductive canal tissues, uterus during the menstrual cycle, reproductive system tissues and fluids during the fertilization process, blastocyst implantation process, and structure of the placenta and cervix during pregnancy and during delivery. This chapter will focus on the effects of hyaluronic acid treatment in maintaining the physiological pregnancy in preclinical studies. © 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Iron Deficiency Anemia(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Kirdök K.; Engürülü S.F.; Şahin M.; Çeltik G.; Akar H.; Aydoğdu I.Recently, iron deficiency and anemia due to iron deficiency is one of the most common medical conditions in clinical practice worldwide. Since in emerging countries mostly malnutrition, insufficient uptake of iron, and parasitic infestations are main cause, in developed countries iron deficiency is still not rare due to vegaterian diet and malignancies. Iron deficiency is usually asymptomatic but also can be seen with widespread clinical features, such as; weakness, fatigue, exortional dyspnea, restless leg syndrome. To diagnose iron deficiency, traditional laboratory tests are complete blood count and peripheral blood smear tests. Transferrin saturation and ferritin tests are the most commonly used in diagnosis. Rarely, bone marrow biopsy is needed. Oral iron administration is first line treatment for iron deficiency but intravenous administration of iron can be preferred in conditions such as: drug intolerance, deep anemia, chronic renal failure. Reticulocyte count and complete blood count can be used for evaluating therapy response. Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common medical condition and important cause of mortality and morbidity so that diagnosis, treatment and follow up is important. © 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Item Assisted fertilization(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Aghayeva A.; Yapici T.Assisted reproduction has recently entered the field of interest of researchers and physicians and has become an open topic of research. Considering the 1.5 million babies born with assisted reproductive techniques today, we can also understand why this topic has become so popular. By 1978, 112 embryo transfers had been performed. The last transfer, which was made in July 1978, resulted in pregnancy and the first IVF baby was born in the history of ECO.By the end of the 1980s, a series of methods had been developed, the most famous of which were partial zone dissection (PZD) and subzonal sperm insemination (SUZI). A technical accident in 1992 led to the achievement of clinical success by microinjecting one sperm directly into the ooplasm of the oocyte, and thus to the discovery that successful in vitro fertilization can be achieved. The concept of assisted reproductive techniques refers to the whole process, including in vitro interventions of human oocytes, sperm, and embryos for reproductive purposes. These interventions include classical in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracy- toplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and intrauterine insemination (IUI) (de Geyter, 2019). In this section, the medical indications of these applications will be explained. In vitro fertilization is a set of procedures that involve extracorporeal fertilization of gametes. It includes traditional in vitro insemination and ICSI. The in vitro fertilization method was first used in infertile individuals with tuba uterine dysfunction. With the change and development of assisted reproductive techniques over time, IVF has begun to be used for a wide variety of indications. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item The FGF signaling pathway and immune system(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Birgül M.The FGF signaling pathway is associated with many physiological events at the cellular level such as wound healing, proliferation, and differentiation, and at the metabolic level such as bone metabolism and endocrine functions, and is associated with pathological events such as cancer, developmental disorders, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is one of the important targets in the understanding of homeostasis and the development of new therapeutics. The immune system is roughly the entire body's defence mechanisms against endogenous and exogenous foreign substances. Failure of the immune system to function properly leads to either infections due to immunosuppressive states or autoimmune/ inflammatory diseases due to overactivity. When we look at the studies carried out to date, it is seen that the FGF pathway has important functions in the regulation/dysregulation of the immune system in addition to its many functions in homeostasis. It contributes to the innate and adaptive immune response by affecting both the immune system cells and the structural cells in the surrounding tissues where the immune response occurs. In addition, it is an important signaling pathway worth investigating due to its role in the pathogenesis of some immune system-related diseases as well as in autoimmune/inflammatory/allergic events. This chapter focuses on the role of the FGF pathway in immunological events. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Cardiometabolic dysfunctions and management(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2024) Erkiline S.; Erkilinç G.Women typically experience menopause, occurring between the ages of 45 and 55, due to the permanent cessation of hormone production by the ovaries following bilateral oophorectomy, whether it occurs naturally or surgically. Due to the decrease in estradiol, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism are affected, resulting in a return to the android body shape and an increase in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic risks. Heart risks associated with coronary artery disease are regarded to be the top cause of disease that is deteriorated by menopause. The major changes in metabolic changes including insulin metabolism, fat metabolism, and hormone metabolism during the menopausal period are the main systemic causes of menopausal period health risks. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, sugar-free diet, increased fiber consumption, and reduced salt in the diet may contribute to the risk reduction of cardio-metabolic changes associated with menopausal risks. © 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.