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Item Dynamics of sustainable entrepreneurship: A proposed 4s model(Springer Nature, 2019) Yilmazer M.; Onay M.The aim of this study is to research the dimensions of sustainable entrepreneurship in the industrial sector and to bring out the effects on sustainable development. For this purpose, activities of sustainable entrepreneurship of two firms operating in Turkey are examined. Considering the theoretical basis of the concept sustainable entrepreneurship and the practical studies on the subject, a new model called 4S has been developed involving economic, environmental, technological and social sustainability dimensions. In the study, multiple, exploratory and qualitative case study is preferred. Findings of the research show that firms’ accomplice a cost lowering production with a technology that increases source efficiency, and this increases both the firms’ competition force and profitability and fulfills the social and economic responsibilities. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Production of Microbial Proteases for Food Industry(Springer Nature, 2019) Deniz I.Microbial proteases have become more and more attractive in the food industry regarding to its specific properties, such as high production yield, specificity for a certain substrate, and high activity as well as being environmentally friendly. Proteases have also activity in a wide range of temperature (20–80 °C) and pH values (3–13), which increases the fields of application. Chymosin and papain are the well-known proteases and recently novel enzymes and production techniques are studied due to the increase in application areas. Proteases are available in a broad diversity of microorganisms, plants, and animals. However microbial protease productions offer numerous benefits in terms of technical and economic properties such as higher yields in less time and less cost with a higher overall productivity. In this chapter, the studies on microbial protease productions for industrial applications are briefly overviewed. Trend microorganisms and bioreactor configurations are presented together with their potential uses in food industry. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Evaluation of Iran’s Cultural Tourism Potential from the European Union Perspective: Jolfa Region(Springer Nature, 2019) Mikaeili M.; Aytuğ H.K.Cultural tourism is the subset of tourism concerned with countries or regions’ culture, religions, history of the people and their lifestyle in their geographical areas, art, architecture and rural elements which have shaped their way of life. According to the European Union, tourism, especially cultural tourism has become recognized as an important agent of economic and social change in Europe. Cultural tourism market in Europe has become increasingly competitive. A growing number of cities and regions in the EU have based their tourism development strategies on the promotion of cultural heritage attractions. The present study was designed in five parts to determine the evaluation of Iran cultural tourism in Jolfa Region based on the EU tourism policies. The first part investigates conceptual framework of cultural tourism. Then, the significance of the European Union cultural tourism and their policies is elucidated. The later parts present that Jolfa Region the northern border of Iran which is introduced as a Free Trade Zone will be verified due to the cultural tourism potential based on the region’s historical architecture and events, landscape values and economic potential. Finally, this paper brings some suggestions in line with European countries’ experiences to improve Iran’s cultural tourism such as establishing its own cultural rout or pilgrimage way, maritime tourism, religious tour and traditional music festival. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Facile and controlled production of silver borate nanoparticles(Springer Nature, 2019) Aguş O.; Abalı Y.; Arslan O.; Keskin N.O.S.Nanosized silver (Ag) borate particles were synthesized under facile and controlled conditions for the antibacterial ceramic applications. Obtained powder materials were characterized comprehensively for the detection of crystallinity, particle size, morphology and surface characteristics. Since obtained borate particles must be optimized by comparing their size, shape and composition, a statistical method (Taguchi Method) was used. Taguchi method allowed the control and deep insight on the variables namely temperature, reaction time, mol ratio and stirring speed. Since obtained nanoparticles can be easily modified and dispersed in ceramic matrixes, formation parameters for the best antibacterial glaze composition were defined. Structural analysis and crystallinity investigation with x-ray diffraction showed that temperature has a huge impact on the formation of nanoparticles as diffraction patterns revealed. Scanning Electron Microscopy unveiled that morphology of the nanoparticles are relatively spherical and EDX revealed that there is no other impurities. Synthesized nanoparticles were utilized for the 1 × 1 cm ceramic samples for antibacterial applications. Results showed that gram positive and gram negative bacterias are deactivated as tests revealed and reported. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Investigation and optimization of surface roughness with experimental design methods by turning of AISI-1050 after spheroidization heat treatment(Springer Nature, 2020) Baday Ş.; Başak H.; Sönmez F.In this study, surface roughness values that were obtained by turning a medium-carbon steel (AISI 1050) applied to spheroidization heat treatment were modeled with two different optimization methods. The test materials were subjected to spheroidization heat treatment for three different periods as 15, 60, and 180 min. Three different cutting speeds and three different feed rates were used for the turning operations. Surface roughness values obtained from the surface of the workpieces after turning were analyzed by the response surface method (RSM) and Taguchi method (TM). These analyses show that the surface roughness changes directly depending on the feed rate and other parameters have a limited effect on the surface roughness. The regression analysis revealed that in both methods, the R2 values were higher than 0.99, and it showed the effectiveness of these two methods. As a result, these two different experimental design methods showed high stability in solving this engineering problem. Additionally, in the comparison of the methods with each other, the ratio of similarity to the experimental results was evaluated by considering the percentage. The ratio of similarity was obtained by over 90% in both methods. When the ratio of similarity was analyzed, RSM had more effective results than TM. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Digital Corporate Governance: Inevitable Transformation(Springer Nature, 2021) Varoglu A.; Gokten S.; Ozdogan B.The process of digitization, which represents one of the sharpest turns in the long-running transformation journey of enterprises throughout history, represents a transformation that affects not only internal operational environment of a business but also all stakeholders, including the shareholders, management and suppliers by utilizing communication technologies and other emerging technologies. During this transformation, the short-term focus for enterprises was replaced by the long-term, and the profit focus in its objectives was replaced by sustainable added value. Thanks to the impact on accounting function which is one of the most crucial supporting tools of corporate governance pillars, digitalization, provides a more developed responsibility and accountability framework by ensuring transparent, timely, and accurate information needed and requested by stakeholders. By courtesy of the developing technologies in this process, the amount of data included in the business decision processes has increased and therefore the possibility of richer content opportunity has emerged in terms of both financial and non-financial reporting. Big data analysis, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technologies enable the transformation of the accounting function and therefore of corporate governance practices, along with other business functions. In this chapter, the impact of digitalization on corporate governance practices is discussed from the perspective of developing technologies and institutionalization, revealing potential effects, transformations, and steps to take. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Financial Measures Taken in Turkey and Selected Countries in Combatting COVID-19 Outbreak(Springer Nature, 2022) Canbay T.; Cura H.B.In the process passing from past to present, the world history has witnessed many natural and unnatural disasters. Negative events particularly climate change and including outbreaks have caused the world to be affected economically and socially, and caused these said negativities to become global today. The COVID-19 outbreak, which emerged in Wuhan, China's Hubei state, was declared as a “pandemic” in the fourth quarter of 2019, on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is estimated that the economic destruction of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as its dimension affecting human beings, will be significant by the end of 2020. In addition to the loss of numerous lives around the world, another impact of the virus has been experienced by the global economy. The fact that this flu, which originated in Central Asia, has spread to the USA and Europe has had an impact on the currencies of countries, capital markets, precious metals, barrel oil prices, and even virtual currencies, causing volatile fluctuations in the global markets. In the process that the world is in, COVID-19 has brought the entire world to a significant historical turning point. The entire world has focused on two main issues at this historical turning point. The first of them is to fight the pandemic, to minimize casualties, and to eradicate the pandemic. The second step is to take an action to avoid the crises and damage that will occur in post-epidemic economies. All countries have begun to implement socialization policies in order to protect public health and fight the pandemic when the COVID-19 disease spread around the world. Closures of educational institutions, primarily in trade and tourism, work restrictions, and restrictions on human mobility have had a rapid negative impact on all sectors. Today's economy is a structure where employees, financial institutions, companies, suppliers, consumers, and countries are interconnected. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the economy to ground to a halt. It is stated that the economy has suffered an unprecedented negative shock as a result of this pandemic. The closure of borders, restrictions on transportation, the lockdown of people in their homes, the imposition of curfews, the reduction of import and export activities, decrease in both supply and demand, as well as the unprecedented developments in the global economy, distinguished this crisis from others. It could not be avoided that all countries around the world, including Turkey, would be affected by this situation. The economic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic harmed the sectors of the economy that directly benefit from natural resources, particularly agriculture (primary sector), the sector where industrial activities take place (secondary sector), and the industries where all services are provided (tertiary sector) (such as education, finance, and tourism sectors). Countries around the world implement economic measures to mitigate the effects of the economic crisis. Financial measures, which are primarily among the economic measures taken by countries in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, are discussed in the study in this context. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Global Outbreaks from a Historical Perspective and Fiscal Policy: An Analysis for COVID-19 Outbreak(Springer Nature, 2022) Aybarç S.Outbreaks that have changed the era throughout history affected the course of wars and have largely steered the destruction of economic order and understanding are the ancient desperation that the human beings have paid social, psychological, economic, and financial costs. In this section addresses, especially starting from 431 BC (Athens), the global outbreaks that have shaped the fate of people, empires, and nation states, the fiscal policy measures implemented in the fight against the epidemics, and particularly the policy measures that have been implemented in the context of combating COVID-19. The times of epidemics have made some state interventions inevitable; such as, on one hand, announcing support packages for the elimination of economic stagnation, on the other hand, health expenditures, personnel training, vaccine and treatment efforts, social security expenditures for the sustainability of public health, as a requirement of being a social state. In the last century, anticipation of an increase in epidemic diseases arising from the environmental destruction (especially due to the prevalence of plastic production, which is shown innocent due to its lightness, population growth, unbalanced urbanization, and excessive consumption habits) necessitates intervention through all policy instruments. The tax regulations that are taken rapidly during the epidemics are pragmatic-based and temporary. However, environmental sustainability can be ensured and preparation can be made for extraordinary periods such as epidemics and natural disasters, through the Pigovian taxes and environmentally friendly standards that will be applied in the ordinary periods. In addition, an Epidemic Tax, which will be set up to be applied in the usual periods, will strengthen the countries’ hand in terms of eliminating the possible risks in the first place, and on the other hand, it will create the social environment and financial awareness in the carbon-epidemic-externality spiral. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Analysis of Selected Twitter Headers During the Pandemic Using Big Data Method(Springer Nature, 2022) Acar İ.A.; Altıntaş V.The behaviours and shares of social media users have recently been closely followed by governments, institutions and companies. Governments/companies determine some of their strategies by processing the “big data” created by the shares made by users. Big data analysis has been used extensively lately. During the pandemic period, people shared their ideas and experiences on social media platforms. Twitter is one of the most popular worldwide Online Social Network (OSN). One of these sharing platforms is Twitter Social Media Platform. In this study, between 1 and 31 May 2020, user posts containing keywords related to COVID-19 were collected. The analysis of the shares was made using natural language processing and text mining techniques on the corpus. In this paper, we use topic identification and sentiment analysis to explore a large number of tweets in Turkey. We investigate 19.199.490 tweets in Turkish, and we analyse comparing the effectiveness of topic identification and sentiment analysis in the messages in pandemic days. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Station Capacity Analysis of a Metro Line with Discrete Event Simulation(Springer Nature, 2022) Yıldırım M.S.; Aydın M.M.This paper demonstrates the utilization of discrete event simulation for the capacity assessment of an existing metro line using performance metrics of train utilization and passenger waiting queues at the stations. The metro line was modelled with using Arena Simulation model blocks of queues and train routing delays and the simulation model was executed with using the hourly passenger arrival schedules, an origin-destination matrix scenario and variable train time headways. The results indicated the significant deviations of the waiting passenger numbers prior to train boarding with failed train boarding resulted from system congestion. The study indicated that the train time headways can influence the system equilibrium and significant congestions are especially prominent for the intermediate stations with high passenger traffic. The characteristics of the O-D matrix was also a significant contributor to the individual station congestion since the train capacity is highly occupied with the passengers of the popular stations. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Effects of Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+ substitution on the structural, photoluminescence, and decay properties of silicate-based bioactive glass powders(Springer Nature, 2022) Deliormanlı A.M.; Oguzlar S.; Zeyrek Ongun M.Bioactive glass (BG) powders containing europium (Eu3+), gadolinium (Gd3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) were synthesized through sol–gel process. Effects of the related rare-earth ions on the structural, photoluminescence (PL), and decay characteristics were investigated. In vitro, acellular bioactivity of the synthesized powders was examined in simulated body fluid (SBF). Results revealed that all of the BG powders tested in the study showed PL emission under excitation at 374 nm. Among the rare earth dopants tested in the study, Eu3+-containing samples exhibited the strongest emission intensities and for all the glasses optimum dopant concentration was 3 wt% based on the luminescence properties. The synthesized BG have ability to convert to hydroxyapatite (HA) after immersion in SBF. However, more detailed studies with resolution techniques are needed to confirm these observations, that the BG containing Eu3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+ have the ability to form HA and can be used in biomedical applications. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Materials Research Society.Item An adaptive approach for solving fourth-order partial differential equations: algorithm and applications to engineering models(Springer Nature, 2022) Çayan S.; Özhan B.B.; Sezer M.A novel numerical technique based on orthogonal Laguerre polynomials called the Laguerre matrix collocation method is proposed. The motivation of the study is to reduce the computational cost in mathematical models by adapting Laguerre polynomials directly without transforming them into the truncated Taylor polynomial basis. The new approach is suitable for solving fourth-order partial differential equations arising in physics and engineering. The algorithm and error analyses are presented in general form and applied to two physical models from solid mechanics. First, the technique is used to solve the governing equation for a plate deflection under a harmonically distributed static load. Second, the algorithm is applied to the bending model of a shear deformable plate under the harmonically distributed static load. The boundary conditions of the models are specified, and the bending responses of the models are obtained. The numerical results are compared with the exact results from the literature. The comparisons show that the new approach is suitable for numerical solutions of fourth-order partial differential equations which arise in physics and engineering. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional.Item The Global Competitive Structure of ASEAN Countries in Innovative Products(Springer Nature, 2022) Erkan B.; Bozduman E.T.In this study, we aim to conduct a comparative analysis of the competitiveness of ASEAN countries in the export of innovative products. In the study covering the years 2002–2020, we use International Standard Industry Classification Revision 3 (ISIC Rev.3) as the product group. We also use Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (BRCA) and Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) indices as an indicator of export competitiveness. At the same time, we consider and interpret the agreement between the BRCA and NRCA scores obtained in the study. According to the scores, we obtain as a result of competitiveness analysis, the export competitiveness of innovative products of ASEAN countries is generally insufficient. When we divide the innovative products subject to export into two as “high technology (relatively high innovation level) and medium-high technology,” the competitiveness of these countries in the export of high-technology products is less. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Mortality risk factors among critically ill children with MIS-C in PICUs: a multicenter study(Springer Nature, 2023) Sık G.; Inamlık A.; Akçay N.; Kesici S.; Aygun F.; Kendırlı T.; Atay G.; Sandal O.; Varol F.; Ozkaya P.Y.; Duyu M.; Bırbılen A.Z.; Ozcan S.; Arslan G.; Kangın M.; Bayraktar S.; Altug U.; Anıl A.B.; Havan M.; Yetımakman A.F.; Dalkıran T.; Zengın N.; Oto A.; Kıhtır H.S.; Gırgın F.İ.; Telhan L.; Yıldızdas D.; Yener N.; Yukselmıs U.; Alakaya M.; Kılınc M.A.; Celegen M.; Dursun A.; Battal F.; Sarı F.; Ozkale M.; Topal S.; Kocaoglu C.; Yazar A.; Alacakır N.; Odek C.; Yaman A.; Cıtak A.; Bıngol I.; Annayev A.; Sevketoglu E.; Katlan B.; Durak C.; Gun E.; Erdogan S.; Seven P.; Sahın E.; Arı H.F.; Boyraz M.; Durak F.; Emeksız S.; Ozdemır G.; Duman M.; Talay M.N.; Yener G.O.; Luleyap D.; Harmanogulları S.; Başar E.Z.; Mercan M.; Bal A.; Kılıc N.; Ongun E.A.; Ozturk M.N.; Ekıncı F.; Udurgucu M.; Arslankoylu A.E.; Kutlu N.O.; Bukulmez A.; Özsoylu S.; Celık T.; Ozkale Y.; Kılıc A.O.Background: This study evaluated of clinical characteristics, outcomes, and mortality risk factors of a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children admitted to a the pediatric intensive care unit. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021 at 41 PICUs in Turkey. The study population comprised 322 children diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Results: The organ systems most commonly involved were the cardiovascular and hematological systems. Intravenous immunoglobulin was used in 294 (91.3%) patients and corticosteroids in 266 (82.6%). Seventy-five (23.3%) children received therapeutic plasma exchange treatment. Patients with a longer duration of the PICU stay had more frequent respiratory, hematological, or renal involvement, and also had higher D-dimer, CK-MB, and procalcitonin levels. A total of 16 patients died, with mortality higher in patients with renal, respiratory, or neurological involvement, with severe cardiac impairment or shock. The non-surviving group also had higher leukocyte counts, lactate and ferritin levels, and a need for mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: In cases of MIS-C, high levels of D-dimer and CK-MB are associated with a longer duration of PICU stay. Non-survival correlates with elevated leukocyte counts and lactate and ferritin levels. We were unable to show any positive effect of therapeutic plasma exchange therapy on mortality. Impact: MIS-C is a life-threatening condition.Patients need to be followed up in the intensive care unit.Early detection of factors associated with mortality can improve outcomes.Determining the factors associated with mortality and length of stay will help clinicians in patient management.High D-dimer and CK-MB levels were associated with longer PICU stay, and higher leukocyte counts, ferritin and lactate levels, and mechanical ventilation were associated with mortality in MIS-C patients.We were unable to show any positive effect of therapeutic plasma exchange therapy on mortality. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.Item Can artificial intelligence and robotic nurses replace operating room nurses? The quasi-experimental research(Springer Nature, 2023) Ergin E.; Karaarslan D.; Şahan S.; Bingöl Ü.Operating room nurses, who have an important place in the professional healthcare team, should be able to use technology effectively and adapt to innovations. This study is expected to shed light on how effective the development of robotic technologies and artificial intelligence and their integration into operating room nursing will be in fulfilling the requirements of contemporary nursing philosophy. This study was designed as a single group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental study. The quasi-experimental (pretest–posttest) research design was utilized to conduct the study in a Training and Research Hospital in Western Turkey. The nurses (n = 35) working in the operating room of the aforementioned hospital were included in the study. In this study, we aimed to determine whether operating room nurses experienced anxiety due to the use of artificial intelligence and robotic nurses, and the effectiveness of the training given to them in order to raise their awareness. The following three tools were used for data collection: The Nurses’ Descriptive Characteristics Form, Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Questionnaire, and Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale. Data extraction and analysis were performed in a narrative and tabular way. According to this study, the training given to the operating room nurses significantly increased their knowledge levels about artificial intelligence and robotic nurses, and increased their artificial intelligence- and robotic nurse-related anxiety significantly (p < 0.05). The participating operating room nurses experienced limitations regarding current information, training programs and learning opportunities on robotic surgery. We recommend that the operating room nurses should be provided with trainings on artificial intelligence technologies and robotic nurses, and that they should be enabled to use these information technologies regarding future technologies actively. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.Item Hybrid Archimedes optimization algorithm enhanced with mutualism scheme for global optimization problems(Springer Nature, 2023) Varol Altay E.Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) is a recent metaheuristic method inspired by the Archimedes principle, which is the law of physics. Like other metaheuristic methods, it suffers from the disadvantages of being stuck in local areas, suffering from weak exploitation abilities, and an inability to maintain a balance between exploration and exploitation. To overcome these weaknesses, a new hybrid Mutualism Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (MAOA) method has been proposed by combining the AOA and the mutation phase in the Symbiosis organism search (SOS) method. SOS algorithm is known for its exploitation ability. With the mutation phase, it has been used to improve local search for swarm agents, help prevent premature convergence and increase population diversity. To verify the applicability and performance of the proposed algorithm, extensive analysis of standard benchmark functions, CEC’17 test suites, and engineering design problems were performed. The proposed method is compared with the recently emerged and popular AOA, SOS, Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), COOT Optimization Algorithm (COOT), Aquila Optimizer (AO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), and Multi-Verse Optimization (MVO) methods, and statistical analyses were performed. The results obtained from the experiments show that the proposed MAOA method has superior global search performance and faster convergence speed compared to AOA, SOS, and other recently emerged and popular metaheuristic methods. Furthermore, this study compares MAOA to five well-established and recent algorithms constructed using various metaheuristic methodologies utilizing nine benchmark datasets to assess the general competence of MAOA in feature selection. Therefore, the proposed method is considered to be a promising optimization method for real-world engineering design problems, global optimization problems, and feature selection. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Item The Effect of the Playing Positions in Basketball on Measures of Cognitive Performance(Springer Nature, 2023) Mancı E.; Günay E.; Güdücü Ç.; Herold F.; Bediz C.Ş.Purpose: To compete at a high-performance level, an athlete needs not only extraordinary physical capabilities but also extraordinary cognitive capabilities. However, position-specific differences concerning cognitive performance capabilities in team sport athletes (e.g., basketball) have, so far, not been extensively studied. Thus, this study investigated possible position-specific differences in specific cognitive performance capabilities in a cohort of trained basketball athletes playing guard, forward, or center positions for more than 10 years. Methods: 27 male basketball players and 20 sedentary controls were included in this study. We used three cognitive tests (i.e., Change Detection Test, Timewall Test, and Mackworth Clock Test) to investigate possible cognitive performance differences concerning position-specific capabilities. Thereto, indices of cognitive performance were compared between the athletes of the different playing positions and sedentary controls. Results: In the Change Detection Test, the number of correct answers from guards was significantly higher than the one of the forwards, centers, and sedentary controls (p <.001). During the Timewall Test, centers’ timing scores were significantly higher than the one of the guards, forwards, and sedentary controls (p <.001). Concerning the Mackworth Clock Test, no significant differences between the playing positions were observed, although all basketball players outperformed sedentary controls. Conclusion: In summary, the results of this cross-sectional study provide evidence (i) that trained basketball players are equipped with superior cognitive capabilities as compared to sedentary controls, and (ii) that in trained basketball players position-related differences in specific cognitive capabilities occur. In regard to the latter, our findings suggest that guards are equipped with superior visuospatial attention and short-term memory capabilities whereas centers showed superior visuospatial perception and timing abilities. Whether such differences are caused by long-term position-specific training, are a result of a selection process, or a result of both factors needs to be investigated in future longitudinal studies. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Digital twin driven intelligent systems and emerging metaverse(Springer Nature, 2023) Karaarslan E.; Aydin Ö.; Cali Ü.; Challenger M.This book covers the notion of the digital twin, which has the potential to alter the way systems are governed and manufactured. It also addresses the metaverse as an emerging technology with its roots in literature, cross-platform avatars, and artificial intelligence-oriented cybersecurity issues. The untapped potential of the metaverse and digital twins as enabling technologies for the next-generation industries is emphasized in various chapters. Digital twin technology enables manufacturers to comprehend their products throughout product design better, integrate simulation, tracking, and optimization in real-time, and appropriately analyze operations. Especially for complicated products or systems, testing on a digital twin is more efficient (more accessible, quicker, less error-prone, and less expensive). The product is examined in its virtual version before it is displayed in the actual world. Additionally, the digital twin minimizes operational expensesand increases the longevity of equipment and assets. By prolonging the life of the thing, they represent and enhance its working efficiency; it may minimize operating costs and prospective capital spending. The digital twin idea is becoming a reality as it has begun to be used in several industries, including energy, manufacturing, construction, transportation, aerospace, smart cities, healthcare, cyber security, finance, and agriculture. Academic and industrial experts highlighted the most compelling use cases of digital twins and metaverses and the challenges inherent in their implementation. Readers who want to make more effective systems will find the book useful. Also, people who want to get an idea and vision of how technology will change our lives will benefit from this book. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. All rights reserved.Item Base editing and prime editing(Springer Nature, 2023) Kaya H.B.The development of new adaptations of CRISPR-based genome editing platforms, such as base editing and prime editing, made it possible to broaden the scope and applications of genome editing in plants. First base editing and, more recently, prime editing evade the creation of double-stranded breaks in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the requirement of donor template of DNA for repair while enhancing editing efficiency and product purity over CRISPR/Cas9. As base-pair changes in genomic DNA determine many significant agronomic traits, crop varieties can be developed by precisely converting specific single bases in plant genomes. While base editing can introduce specific nucleotide changes, such as transition and transversion mutations in the targeted region, prime editing can create precise insertions, deletions, and all 12 types of point mutations using the "search-and-replace" method. This chapter provides the basic principles of base editing and prime editing technologies and their practical applications in plants. The chapter also summarizes the recent breakthroughs in applying base and prime editors in diverse plant species, including their use in improving disease resistance, herbicide resistance, nutritional quality, crop yield, and quality. Finally, this chapter aims to clearly understand base editing and prime editing in plants by outlining potential developments. © The Author(s) 2024. All rights reserved.Item The Effect of Post-activation Performance Enhancement of Coincidence Anticipation Timing in Basketball Players(Springer Nature, 2023) Günay A.R.; Genç S.; Salman K.; Günay E.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) method of coincidence anticipation timing in male basketball players. Seventeen male basketball players (mean age 20.17 years, height 1.87 m, weight 80.08 kg, training age 10.05 years) were included in the study. The study consists of two sessions. In the first session, after the participants were informed about the study and their consent was obtained, anthropometric measurements, coincidence anticipation timing (CAT) performances, and one-repetition maximum measurements were performed, respectively. Two days later, each participant performed five repetitions of back squats with 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) resistance after 20 min of general warm-up phases. Then, participants rested passively for 3 min. The CAT measurements of the participants were recorded after the rest period. Data were analyzed separately for CAT3 and CAT9 timing error scores in terms of pre-/post-PAPE. The results of the paired sample t-test showed that PAPE significantly decreased timing error scores on CAT 9 mph (p < 0.01). The same results were found for CAT 3 mph, and the Wilcoxon test result showed significantly decreased timing error scores after PAPE (p < 0.05). The findings showed that PAPE is an effective method for improving anticipation performance in sports such as basketball, where success is achieved through fast games. It can contribute positively to game-specific cognitive processes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.