Browsing by Publisher "WFL Publisher Ltd."

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    Screening of Aspergillus strains isolated from vineyards for pectinase production
    (WFL Publisher Ltd., 2008) Taşkin E.; Eltem R.; Da Silva E.S.; De Souza J.V.B.
    Pectin is present in walls of plant cells. Pectinases are important for food and chemical industry that processes plant material, and also juice, textile and vine industry uses pectinases. They are able to modify and cause depolymerization in pectin chains. Fungi from genus Aspergillus are one of the most important sources of these enzymes. Vineyards contain plant material in decomposition and are a special place for pectinase producers. Many works screening pectinase producers were described in literature. However, better producers have been continuously found. This paper describes a screening of Aspergillus strains isolated from vineyards for pectinase production. The fungi strains (262) were evaluated in the screening methodology that studied the diameter of the pectin hydrolysis halo and the size of the colony in an agar culture media containing pectin as the sole carbon source. Four strains were selected for fermentation experiments. Aspergillus foetidus var. pallidus Ege-K-730 and Aspergillus aculeatus Ege-K-355 presented the highest pectinase production ratio, and Aspergillus foetidus var. pallidus K-635 and Aspergillus aculeatus K-398 presented the highest colony diameter. Aspergillus carbonarius CFTRI 1047 was used as a reference strain. In submerged fermentation (SbF), the strains Ege-K-730, Ege-K-355, Ege-K-635 and CFTRI 1047 produced the highest PG (polygalacturonase) and PMG (polymethylgalacturonase) levels, however, Ege-K-730 was the faster producer. In solid state fermentation (SSF), the strains Ege-K-730, Ege-K-635, Ege-K-398 and CFTRI 1047 produced the highest PG and PMG levels. In the experimental conditions, SSF was better than SbF for pectinase production.
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    The use of agricultural loan: An analysis of farmers' bank selection decisions in Manisa, Turkey
    (WFL Publisher Ltd., 2013) Kocturk O.M.; Tepeci M.; Duramaz S.; Yatbaz A.
    Agricultural sector is developing in Turkey, and the funding of farmers is mostly actualised by external resources such as loans. Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Ziraat Bank (a state-owned bank) has offered financing to farmers, but today private banks are also financing the farmers and providing loans to them. The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the bank (private versus public) selection factors that influence farmers' decisions on agricultural loan uses, (2) to explore whether farmers value domestic capital banks over foreign capital banks, and (3) to designate the significance of Islamic banking practices for farmers. A survey was conducted on 103 farmers by visiting farms and cooperatives in Manisa. In addition to demographic variables, the survey instrument included 28 items followed by a one-to-five Likert type scale intended to reveal bank selection factors. These factors were reliability, service quality, loan conditions, loan costs, accessibility and individual credibility. The analyses indicated that reliability and accessibility of the banks influenced farmers' bank selections. Farmers who preferred private sector banks for agricultural loan uses perceived higher levels of reliability and accessibility than did farmers who preferred public banks. Farmers perceived higher levels of reliability, service quality, positive loan conditions and lower loan costs for domestic capital banks than they did for foreign capital banks. Farmers who did not value Islamic banking practices perceived lower levels of service quality and reliability with Islamic banking. The study findings suggest that banks should invest more on reliability and accessibility factors to attract and retain their customers. Foreign capital banks could lower their loan costs and improve loan conditions, reliability and service quality to convince farmers to use their banking services. Islamic banks should improve their service quality and increase their reliability on the customers' side.
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    The proximate composition and quality characteristics in artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) varieties developed with clonal selection
    (WFL Publisher Ltd., 2013) Başay S.; Tokuşoǧlu Ö.
    The standard varieties of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) from populations of the Bayrampaşa and Saki{dotless}zi{dotless} varieties were developed by using a vegetative clonal selection method. This research project was conducted at two different locations and the resulting second lineage for Bayrampaşa and the second lineage for Saki{dotless}z were found to be the best standard varieties based on the evaluation of the quality parameters. In bract leaves and fruit heads of new developed artichoke varieties, analytical quality characteristics including moisture (%), ash (%), total sugar, invert sugar, sucrose, total fat level and total protein content were analysed to determine the proximate composition. Besides, the well-developed varieties were commercially registered as Saki{dotless}z, Bayrampaşa, Şebnem and Şimşek names by the Atatürk Horticulture Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.