Browsing by Publisher "wiley"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Nanostructured Metal–Metal Oxides and Their Electrocatalytic Applications
    (wiley, 2018) Özdokur K.V.; Koçak S.; Ertaş F.N.
    Electrochemical nanotechnologies have witnessed great fundamental advances in the last two decades. The strong interaction between the nanoscience and electrochemistry has led intensified studies on nanostructured materials for electronic, electrochromic, catalytic, and analytical applications. Many researchers have focused on metallic and carbon-based nanomaterials for electrocatalysis, energy conversion systems, and sensor development. The requirement of improvement of the performance of conventional Pt-based catalysts along with the search for low cost alternatives has led to the development of multicomponent catalysis systems. Due to their abundant sources and low cost, transition metal oxides offer a wide range of applications in various fields. However, their performance was found to be dependent on the synthesis procedure. Electrochemical deposition is usually the method of choice not only because this technique is a more practical and economical way for readily producing large uniform oxide thin films but also because the technique provides the controlling of the nature of the deposit by changing the deposition parameters. By this means, a mixed-valent metal oxide (MeOx) film can be produced on a carbon or other substrates, which is believed to be responsible for their catalytic activities. Further improvement in the catalytic performance can be maintained by the combination of hyper-d electronic noble metals, platinum in particular, with hypo-d electronic transition metal oxides. This chapter also covers the recently developed deposition techiques such as electrochemical pulsed deposition (PD). This technique favors the formation of nucleation sites and hence contributes to a high dispersion of the deposits compared to other methods. The performance of the electrode on both anodic and cathodic directions can be further enhanced by decorating with metallic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. © 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    State of Art Strategies for Biodiesel Production: Bioengineering Approaches
    (wiley, 2019) Deniz I.; Aslanbay B.; Imamoglu E.
    Sustainable and renewable energy demand is a universal challenge since the depletion of petroleum fuels, the increase in population globally, the accumulation of greenhouse gases and the concerns of climate change. These challenges along with the nutritional problems have given rise to the exploitation of third-generation biodiesel production from microalgae. In this chapter, the novel trends in biodiesel production in bioengineering perspective are overviewed. Microalgal strains that have been conventionally used and new approaches towards metabolic engineering of algae are presented together with their advantages and bottlenecks. Moreover, new photobioreactor (PBR) types and configurations will be discussed in terms of design approaches, hydrodynamic parameters and kinetics. The chapter ends with the concept of the future possibilities of microalgal biodiesel production to meet the recent progress made in the field. © 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Quantum dots for bioelectrochemical applications
    (wiley, 2019) Polatoğlu I.; Eroğlu E.; Aydın L.
    Electrochemical biosensors based on quantum dots (QDs) have been used for medical, environmental, and food analysis applications due to their unique characteristics, such as high electron transfer ability, large surface area, good interfacial properties, applicability for surface modification, and excellent biocompatibility. All of these characteristics provide signal amplification, selectivity, and reproducibility for electrochemical biosensors. These nanoparticles have been used as electrode modifiers, as active components interacting with the targets, and also as support material for immobilization of recognition elements. Because of their inherent dynamical relation characteristics, mathematical modeling is generally a powerful way to investigate the main effects on the overall bioelectrochemical system (BES) performance. The aim of this chapter is to give brief information about the structure, characteristics, and synthesis of electrochemical sensing properties, bioelectrochemical applications, and finally modeling and optimizations of QDs. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Cytotoxic and antitumor compounds from marine invertebrates
    (wiley, 2020) Ilhan H.A.; Pulat C.C.
    The marine environment covers a vast part of the biosphere's surface. Marine invertebrates, which include tunicates, sponges, bryozoans, and mollusks, represent the core of the known marine biodiversity, since there are more of them than all organisms in the sea. Recent advances in aquaculture, deep-sea collection techniques, biotechnology, and high-throughput screening methods allow the isolation of various cytotoxic and antitumor marine compounds with novel mechanisms of action. The phylum Porifera, commonly referred to as sponges, are frequently considered to be the simplest multicellular animals with great ecological, commercial, and biopharmaceutical importance. Cnidarians are well-known producers of secondary metabolites and complex mixtures of proteinaceous venoms used for defense. This chapter overviews some of the most promising bioactive compounds isolated from cnidarians. The phylum Mollusca represents the second-largest animal phylum on Earth with eight classes. They have evolved alternative defense strategies such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral secondary metabolites to protect themselves. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd All rights reserved.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Thermoelectric Films for Electricity Generation
    (wiley, 2021) Yurddaskal M.; Yurddaskal M.; Yilmaz O.; Gultekin S.
    It is evident that revolutionary advances have been made in the field of electronics of the developing world, and advanced technological materials are of course very important in this technological progress. With this study, thermoelectric thin films have given us the opportunity to examine why they are preferred in this technological period, as well as their importance and their theoretical background. Among the advantages of this technology comes when compared to others, thermal evaporation (TE) is more silent and reliable, since no movement is involved in the process; they are simple, compact, and safe; it is a green technology since it does not include heat or gas, or no chemical disposals are produced during the process; and it is convenient since others are inconvenient when it comes to working in remote outer areas. The purpose of this study is to inform about thin film thermoelectric materials. This chapter includes studies on how thin film thermoelectric materials are classified, the application areas, production techniques, and future trends of this process. While explaining the importance of all these materials, it realizes by considering the classification of thin film thermoelectric materials and the mechanisms behind them are extremely important in terms of illuminating the production conditions of these materials in line with theoretical knowledge. In order to realize this aim, a method starting from general information to detailed technical contents has been determined. Concepts such as the Seebeck coefficient, the Peltier effect, and the Thomson effect were discussed with technical points. In addition, materials such as inorganic, such as Bi-Te-based superlattices, cobalt oxide-based thin films, Zn-based thin films, Cu-based thin films, and a combination of these with composite materials were mentioned. Then, it gives information about the usage areas of these materials such as thermoelectric cooling, thermoelectric power generation, organic inverter circuit, organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic radio frequency identification tags, and organic DNA sensors. Sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), electrochemical deposition (ECD), flash evaporation (FE), TE, and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) methods were presented in detail. We hope that all this work succeeds to be a part of this technological progress and can support new studies as a source of information and inspiration. © 2021 WILEY-VCH GmbH. Published 2021 by WILEY-VCH GmbH.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Introduction to Biomass to Biofuels Technologies
    (wiley, 2021) Taymaz E.R.; Uslu M.E.; Deniz I.
    Biofuels are renewable, environmentally friendly, alternative fuels suitable for use as heat, power and alternative engine fuel, important for the socioeconomic development of countries, resource diversity and supply security. Applications of liquid-solid-gas biofuels obtained from biomass in energy sources are increasing rapidly. The bioenergy sector has a rather complex structure due to the diversity of potential raw materials and technical ways to convert biomass into energy. Sixty percent of the biomass is derived from agricultural waste, and various conversion techniques are applied to these organic wastes for bioenergy production. The most important alternative biofuels based on biomass can be classified as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, bio-methanol, bio-methyl ether and bio-oil. The most common biofuels are bioethanol and biodiesel. Biofuels have been found to increase its usability due to being based on renewable biological resources and non-toxic, having a good biodegradability, causing very low emissions when burned and being environmentally friendly. This chapter investigates biomass resources and biofuel technologies in a bio-refinery concept. © 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Complications of lumbar sympathetic block
    (wiley, 2022) Yentür E.A.
    Lumbar sympathetic block (LSB) is a commonly performed procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of various clinical conditions. It can be performed by local anesthetics, neurolytic agents or a radiofrequency lesion generator, and the procedure can be applied according to the experience and education of the clinician by using fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and ultrasound. The genitofemoral nerve is the sensory nerve most at risk at LSB. A second nerve that might cause problems is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The paravertebral approach under fluoroscopic guidance is the most commonly used technique. The complications of LSB may be categorized as needle trauma, intravascular injection, and anomalous spread of the injectate. Frequent complications are bruising, swelling, and soreness at the site of injection. Even after all precautions are taken into consideration, complications may happen. Therefore, precise attention should be required for all steps of the algorithm. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.