Browsing by Subject "Agricultural wastes"

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    Investigation of the wear behavior of martempered 30 MnB5 steel for soil tillage
    (2012) Yazici A.
    The objective of this experimental study was to determine the wear resistance of moldboard plowshares produced from 30 MnB5 steel that were treated with different martempering conditions. The microstructures, the hardness distributions, and the wear behavior of the martempered 30 MnB5 steel were determined and compared with conventionally heat-treated samples in laboratory conditions. The wear losses of all martempered samples were less than that of the conventionally heat-treated samples in laboratory conditions, especially at the end of a longer-term wear experiment. The martempering process in which the steel was austenized at 960°C for 35 min, held at 350°C for 10 s in a salt bath, and then cooled in air produced the best results for decreasing wear loss in laboratory conditions. The martempering treatment that resulted in the lowest wear weight loss in pin-on-disc tests was selected for further testing in field conditions. The field used for the experiment was flat and free of crop residue with a uniformly dispersed soil type (sandy and sandy loam). A reversible plow was used to measure the wear. The abrasive wear losses were determined by measuring the plowshare's weight and dimensions before and after tillage. By achieving a more uniform hardness distribution, the lath-type martensitic and bainitic microstructure of the martempered plowshares significantly increased their wear resistance. The martempering process decreased the wear weight loss by 40.8% and the wear dimension loss by 38.5% compared to conventionally heat-treated plowshares in field conditions. © 2012 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
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    Ethanol production from vineplant waste hydrolysate sugars by native yeast strains
    (North Carolina State University, 2019) Kaya E.Ö.; Doğan Y.; Yalçin H.T.
    Biomass from agricultural waste can be an excellent source of sustainable energy, the most notable of which is bioethanol. This study aimed to adapt and improve bioethanol production using a yeast strain that ferments the sugar content in undiluted and non-added nutrient vineplant bunch hydrolysates. Yeasts that were previously isolated and molecularly characterized were screened for their pentose fermenting capabilities, first in solid and then liquid mediums. Then, 10 native xylose fermenting yeast strains were tested for their ability to produce ethanol from acid hydrolysates from vineplant lignocellulosic waste. The five strains that exhibited the highest ethanol production underwent fermentation in the pure (non-detoxified) hydrolysate. The strain Pichia kudriavzevii D12 in the undiluted hydrolysate medium gave the highest ethanol concentrations and yields. Hence, P. kudriavzevii was selected for adaptation with sequential fermentations. As a result, a 59% increase in the ethanol production (g/L) was recorded for the D12 strain in the undiluted hydrolysate medium during the adaptation studies. A 2.9-fold increase in the yield (g/g) was obtained for this sample when compared with the reference medium. This study determined that a nondetoxified, organic waste medium prepared from vineplant bunches without added nutrients is a suitable substrate alternative for bioethanol production. © 2018, BioResources.
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    A new hybrid approach in selection of optimum establishment location of the biogas energy production plant
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Ceylan A.B.; Aydın L.; Nil M.; Mamur H.; Polatoğlu İ.; Sözen H.
    In this study, a new hybrid modeling optimization approach is presented for choosing the best installation location of a biogas power plant. This approach was evaluated in a case study for Manisa province in Turkey. First, the animal waste potential in Manisa was determined. By examining the biogas potential in Manisa, the mathematical model of the process is identified with the neuro-regression approach. Comparisons were made with the traditional and hybrid models, and it was seen that the values of the hybrid model based on the introduced approach were at more acceptable levels. Depending on this model, the most appropriate district where the power plant can be installed was calculated by considering the potentials in the environment. The single-objective and multi-objective approaches were considered to acquire the optimum design for the system. The modified versions of the optimization methods differential evolution (MDE), Nelder-Mead (MNM), simulated annealing (MSA), and random search (MRS) algorithms were used to solve problems. Thanks to the calculations and optimizations, it was concluded that it would be more appropriate to establish a biogas plant around Gölmarmara, Salihli, and Ahmetli triangle in Manisa. It was determined that when this installation takes place, 68 GWh of electrical energy can be produced annually. This study is a pioneering study for the installation locations of bioenergy power plants in terms of the methods and approaches. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.