Browsing by Subject "LIGAMENT CELLS"

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    Evaluation of GCF MMP-1, MMP-8, TGF-β1, PDGF-AB, and VEGF levels in periodontally healthy smokers
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey) Eren, G; Türkoglu, HO; Atmaca, H; Atilla, FG
    Background/aim: The effect of smoking on inflammatory biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is well established in the presence of periodontal inflammation. However, it is not clear if smoking has an influence on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and growth factor levels in the GCF of periodontally healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate GCF levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in smoking versus nonsmoking periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and methods: Thirty-two periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. Probing depths, bleeding on probing, and plaque index was assessed. GCF levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, TGF- beta 1, PDGF-AB, and VEGF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: No significant differences were observed in the distribution of demographic data between study groups. GCF total amount of PDGF-AB was significantly lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers (P = 0.014). Total amount of GCF MMP-1, MMP-8, TGF-beta 1, and VEGF levels were similar in both study groups (P = 0.022). Conclusion: Smoking has the effect of decreasing GCF PDGF-AB while it does not affect GCF MMP-1, MMP-8, TGF-beta 1, and VEGF in periodontally healthy subjects. Since increased levels of these molecules are involved in periodontal breakdown, our findings may emphasize the importance for maintenance of periodontal health in smokers.
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    Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in periodontal health and disease
    (WILEY) Afacan, B; Öztürk, VÖ; Pasali, Ç; Bozkurt, E; Köse, T; Emingil, G
    Background Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is expressed as an adaptive response to hypoxia, mediates angiogenesis through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and can be induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). This study aimed to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary HIF-1 alpha, VEGF, and TNF-alpha levels in periodontal health and disease. Methods A total of 87 individuals, 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 chronic periodontitis (CP), 26 gingivitis patients, and 21 periodontally healthy individuals, were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded; GCF and salivary samples were collected; and HIF-1 alpha, VEGF, and TNF-alpha levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analyses. Results G-AgP and CP groups had significantly higher GCF HIF-1 alpha, VEGF, and TNF-alpha total amounts than gingivitis and healthy groups (P < 0.05). GCF HIF-1 alpha and TNF-alpha total amounts in gingivitis group were significantly higher than the healthy group (P < 0.05). GCF and salivary concentrations of biomarkers were similar in both periodontitis groups (P > 0.05). Salivary HIF-1 alpha concentrations in gingivitis group were significantly higher than G-AgP and healthy groups (P < 0.05). GCF HIF-1 alpha, VEGF, and TNF-alpha total amounts were positively correlated with the site-specific clinical periodontal parameters and with each other (P < 0.05). Conclusions HIF-1 alpha is detectable in GCF and saliva of periodontally diseased and healthy individuals, and the GCF levels of the biomarker can be affected by disease status. Increased GCF HIF-1 alpha, VEGF, and TNF-alpha levels in both chronic and aggressive form of periodontitis might suggest the role of TNF-alpha/HIF-1 alpha/VEGF pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.