Browsing by Subject "POLYSACCHARIDES"

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    ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE, ANTIPROTOZOAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF SOME TURKISH MARINE ALGAE
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P)) Cinar, E; Taskin, E; Tasdemir, D; Ozkale, E; Grienke, U; Firsova, D
    The crude (MeOH:CHCl3) and n-hexane-soluble extracts from four brown algae (Phaeophyceae) [Petalonia fascia, Cystoseira crinita, Cystoseira foeniculacea, and Halopteris scoparia], one red alga (Rhodophyta) [Jania rubens] and three green algae (Chlorophyta) [Chaetomorpha aerea, Codium fragile subsp. fragile, and Ulva compressa] from Turkish coasts (Izmir Bay, Ayvalik and canaldcale) were assessed in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities at 200, 150, 50, 20 mu g/mL test concentration with Ellman's method. The crude extract of P. fascia possessed the highest inhibition (IC50 value of 19,22 +/- 10,47 mu g/mL) against AChE. Galanthamine HBr was used as standard drug that gave against AChE enzyme IC50 of 3.44 +/- 1.14 mu M. In the second stage, the crude, hexane-soluble, chloroform-soluble and water-methanol soluble extracts of the marine algae were observed in vitro against parasitic protozoa (Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi ye Leishmania infantum). According to results, the most potent protozoal activities were shown by the Khex of C. crinita (IC50 value of 10,62 mu g/ml), followed by the Khex of C. fragile subsp. fragile (IC50 value of 11,89 mu g/ml). The hekzan-soluble (Khex) and chloroform-soluble (KCH) extracts gave the best results. The marine algae were also tested on MRC-5 cells (human fibroblasts) for by controlling tamoxifen. The extracts of H. scoparia, C. aerea ye C. fragile subsp. fragile showed toxicity.
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    Evaluation of adjuvant activity of Astragaloside VII and its combination with different immunostimulating agents in Newcastle Disease vaccine
    (ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD) Yakubogullari, N; Coven, FO; Cebi, N; Coven, F; Coven, N; Genc, R; Bedir, E; Nalbantsoy, A
    Astragaloside VII (AST-VII), a major cycloartane saponin isolated from Turkish Astragalus species, turned out to be one of the most active metabolites demonstrating Th1/Th2 balanced immune response. As Quillaja saponins are extensively used in adjuvant systems, this study made an attempt to improve AST-VII based adjuvant systems by using different immunostimulatory/delivery agents (monophosphoryllipid A (MPL), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and squalene) and to induce cellular and humoral immune response against a viral vaccine. For this purpose, Newcastle Disease vaccine (NDV) was chosen as a model vaccine. Swiss albino mice were immunized subcutaneously with LaSota vaccines in the presence/absence of AST-VII or developed adjuvant systems. AST-VII administration both in live/inactivated LaSota vaccines induced neutralizing and NDV specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies response as well as IL-2 and IL-4 production. APS based delivery systems enhanced the production of neutralizing antibody and the minor augmentation of IFN-? and IL-2 levels. Squalene emulsion (SE) alone or combined with AST-VII were effective in NDV restimulated splenocyte proliferation. As a conclusion, AST-VII and AST-VII containing adjuvant systems demonstrated Th1/Th2 balanced antibody and cellular immune responses in NDV vaccines. Thus, these systems could be developed as vaccine adjuvants in viral vaccines as alternative to saponin-based adjuvants.
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    EFFICIENT EXTRACTION OF CURCUMIN FROM TURMERIC WITH PHARMACEUTICAL SOLVENTS AND OPTIMIZATION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
    (PLAPIQUI(UNS-CONICET)) Raheem, M; Ahmed, D; Aydar, AY
    The aim of the study was to find out a novel, effective, safe, and eco-friendly method for the extraction of curcumin from turmeric. A pharmaceutically safe solvent isopropyl alcohol was selected based on preliminary screening. Three methods, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and maceration were explored, and optimization of each method was performed using Box-Behnken design with RSM. Yield (mg/g) ranged from 1.35-12.53, 1.43-5.59, and 0.23-7.06 (mg/g) in MAE, UAE, and maceration, respectively. For MAE, optimum conditions were 30 mL/g solvent-to-solid ratio (SSR), 240 W microwave power, and 40 s extraction time. The optimum UAE conditions were 40 degrees C, 10 min and 50 mL/g SSR. The optimum conditions for maceration were 60 degrees C, 90 min and 10 mL/g SSR. Based on the results, MAE was the most robust technique for extraction of curcumin from turmeric and the protocol may be developed for industrial application.