Browsing by Subject "Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects"

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    Birth outcomes after inadvertent use of category x drugs contraindicated in pregnancy: Where is the real risk?
    (Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 2018) Öztürk Z.; Ölmez E.; Gürpınar T.; Vural K.
    Drugs contraindicated in pregnancy are medicines that should be avoided by pregnant women, since they carry a concern for teratogenicity or there is no indication for their use during pregnancy. It does not mean that exposures to these drugs always cause harm. The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk of adverse outcomes following maternal exposure to the drugs contraindicated in pregnancy. We retrospectively analyzed prenatal drug exposure records of the pregnant patients referred to the clinical pharmacology consultation service in a tertiary-level university hospital from January 2007 until December 2012. Exposures to category X drugs (CXD) contraindicated in pregnancy were evaluated. After the expected date of delivery, we collected data about pregnancy complications and the outcomes. For comparison the women in the exposed group (N=52) were matched with a control group (N=162) of pregnant women without teratogenic exposure. We observed only one baby born with a birth defect (congenital cryptorchidism) in CXD group (2.6%) and four in control group (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.10-7.94). The rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, preterm birth and congenital abnormality were not significantly different from controls. However, the rate of elective termination of pregnancy was higher in women exposed to CXD while pregnant (RR 2.54; 95% CI 1.11-5.80, p = 0.027). Contraceptive failure and unintended pregnancy are the reasons for inadvertent drug exposure and choosing abortion. The high perception of teratogenic risk among pregnant women may cause terminations of pregnancies. Individual risk assessment and avoiding the phrase ‘CXD’ or ‘contraindicated in pregnancy’ in counseling may help to reduce maternal concerns about medication use in pregnancy. © 2018, Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.
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    Investigation of the effects of bisphenol-A exposure on lymphoid system in prenatal stage
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020) Aydemir I.; Özbey C.; Özkan O.; Kum Ş.; Tuğlu M.İ.
    Bisphenol-A (BPA) used in the production of plastic materials is a temperature-soluble agent. It also has a steroid hormone-like activity; therefore, it poses a danger to human health. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of BPA on lymph node and spleen in male rats exposed to this agent during prenatal stage. The pregnant female rats were divided into four groups: control, sham, low dose (300 µg/kg BPA), and high dose (900 µg/kg BPA). BPA was dissolved in 1 mL of corn oil and administered to the pregnant rats every day during pregnancy. On the 21st and 45th day after the birth, male rats’ lymph node and spleen samples were taken and histopathological examination was performed. Samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the general histological appearance, and with CD3 and CD20 immunohistochemically. The results of staining were evaluated by H-score, and statistical analysis was performed. In the samples, BPA applications were not found to cause significant tissue damage. But there was a significant decrease in the immunoreactivities of CD3 and CD20 after BPA applications in both 21st and 45th day samples. After high dose BPA administration, decreased CD3 immunoreactivity was statistically significant. It is thought that BPA does not cause histologically significant tissue damage, but it may impair organ function at cellular level. The investigation of molecules involved in organ function will be useful in revealing the mechanisms that will cause dysfunction. © The Author(s) 2020.