Browsing by Subject "SOLAR PV"

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    A novel approach suggestion for assessing the impact of topographic shading on the estimation of the floating photovoltaic technical potential
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD) Yilmaz, OS; Ates, AM; Gülgen, F
    This study presents a novel approach for the implementation of floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems at the Ayvali hydroelectric power plant (HPP) in Turkiye. The method proposed in this study accounts for dynamic changes in water levels to accurately calculate the shading effects induced by topography. First, the minimum reservoir surface for the FPV system was calculated using remote sensing (RS). The minimum reservoir surface area, which was determined as 504.69 ha using 60 Sentinel-2 satellite images, was calculated using machine learning al-gorithms on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, support vector machines (SVM) and automatic water extraction index (AWEI). In the second stage, new digital elevation model (DEM) maps were produced by overlapping monthly changes in water height with ALOS PALSAR data and solar analysis was performed on them. An annual global horizontal irradiance (GHI) map was produced using these maps, and it was divided into five classes to emphasize differences in production potential. The results revealed that 1083.45 GWh of elec-tricity can be produced annually by installing FPV in very high and high potential areas. However, as the moderate, low, and very low regions represent only 5.02% of the reservoir surface and there is a 1.68-fold difference in production potential between the highest and lowest areas due to topography-induced shading near the coastline, it was concluded that FPV installation would not be efficient in those regions. This study highlights the significance of incorporating topography-induced shading and emphasizes the importance of employing RS and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to achieve this objective.
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    The Performance Analysis of Different Water Indices and Algorithms Using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Images in Determining Water Surface: Demirkopru Dam Case Study
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG) Yilmaz, OS; Gulgen, F; Sanli, FB; Ates, AM
    In this study, the most appropriate algorithm and water index to determine the boundaries of the dam water surface using remote sensing (RS) techniques were investigated. Water surface boundaries of Demirkopru Dam were determined using Sentinel-2 L2A (MSI) and Landsat-8 (OLI) satellite images. Demirkopru Dam was chosen as the study area as it is suitable for floating photovoltaic (FPV) solar power plant installation. Normalized difference water index (NDWI) and modified NDWI indices were used to determine the water surface boundaries of the dam. Thirty-six classification results were obtained using K-means, maximum likelihood classification (MLC), and random forest (RF) algorithms. The best classification accuracies of the produced maps have been calculated as 80.3%, 73.1%, and 73.2% by RF, MLC, and K-means, respectively. In addition, the water coastlines determined by classifications were compared with the continuously operating reference station (CORS-TR) data in a local area by calculating the root-mean-square error (RMSE). Compared with the CORS-TR measurements of the dam coastline obtained from the images classified by the RF algorithm, the minimum RMSE values were calculated as 13.8 m and 10.1 m for Landsat and Sentinel images, respectively. While the minimum RMSE value for coastlines obtained with various layer stacks of Landsat images classified by the MLC algorithm is 36.7 m, it could not be calculated in Sentinel images due to poorer classification results. For the coastlines obtained from the images classified by the K-means algorithm, the minimum RMSE values were calculated as 14.5 m and 9.6 m for Landsat and Sentinel images, respectively. According to the comparisons based on classification accuracy and CORS-TR measurements, it is concluded that the RF algorithm performs better than others for the dam water surface. Moreover, it was determined that the NDWI presented better results when the water level was the lowest for Demirkopru Dam. Also, in this study, the MLC algorithm has better results in detecting water surfaces using Landsat images. It was concluded that the K-means algorithm is also very effective in water surface detection. In this study, various water extraction indices, algorithms and free Landsat and Sentinel images were used to extract the water surface in a selected reservoir for the FPV installation. This study guides a series of algorithms and indexes used to detect water surfaces. In addition, it has been shown that the use of RS techniques, which are more practical than classical approaches in determining water boundaries, will be more effective in planning and design in terms of engineers, investors and various organizations who will realize the FPV installation.
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    Comparison of Turkey's Geographical Regions in terms of Stand-Alone PV System Design and Cost Parameters
    (HINDAWI LTD) Onat, N
    Stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) systems are widely used in rural areas where there is no national grid or as a precaution against power outages. In this study, technical and economic analysis of a SAPV system was carried out using meteorological data for 75 province centers in seven geographical regions of Turkey. Obtained results for each province center were separated by geographical area. The averages of the centers for each region are taken as output. A calculation algorithm based on MsExcel has been established for these operations. The analyses made with the developed algorithm are repeated for five different scenarios that they cover periods of time when a constant strong load is active for all seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) and all year round. The developed algorithm calculates the life-cycle cost, the unit energy cost, the electrical capacity utilization rate, the amount of generated/excess energy per month, the initial investment/replacement, and operating and maintenance (O&M) costs of each element. As a result, geographical regions of Turkey are compared in terms of these outputs graphically. Further investigations may include the sale of excess energy generated, small-scale PV system cost factors parallel to the grid, and the effects of government incentives.