Browsing by Subject "Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime"
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Item Basal and activational tcm-hmpao brain spect in alzheimer's disease(2000) SAYIT E.; YENER G.; ÇAPA G.; ERTAY T.; KESKIN B.; FADILOĞLU S.; DURAK H.Early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for the administration of new treatments. The purpose of this study was to differentiate mildly/moderately demented AD patients from normal controls by means of activational brain SPECT, and to investigate the correlation between regional cerebral blood flow and dementia severity. Activational brain SPECT was performed 1 week after basal brain SPECT in 12 mild/moderate AD patients according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria (mean age 69±7 years) and in seven healthy, age-matched, volunteer controls (mean age 65±9 years). In order to activate the parietal cortex, patients were asked to subtract serial 5's from 100, 2 min before and after the intravenous administration of 925 MBq technetium-99m labelled D,L-hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime (Tcm-HMPAO). Using a three-headed gamma camera equipped with high resolution collimators, 128 images of 35 s duration in a 64×64 matrix were obtained over 360°. Region to whole brain ratios (R/WB) were calculated in three consecutive transaxial slices 2 pixels thick above the orbitomeatal line, and the activation percentage was calculated. No statistical difference was detected between AD patients and normal controls for parietal cortex activation. The correlation coefficient between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scoring and the activation percentage was 0.475 in normal controls and 0.175 in AD patients for the left anterior parietal cortex, and 0.353 in normal controls and 0.146 in AD patients for the right anterior parietal cortex. In a visual evaluation of parietal cortex activation, 50% of AD patients were able to activate the parietal cortex, whereas 86% of the normal controls could do so. In our current study, the subtraction of serial 5's was not regarded as a promising task. Further studies are needed to clarify the importance of such tasks in the differential diagnosis of mild/moderate AD patients from normal elderly. © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.Item Comparison of brain perfusion SPECT and MRI findings in children with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis and in their families(2002) Sayit E.; Yorulmaz I.; Bekis G.; Kaya G.; Gumuser F.G.; Dirik E.; Durak H.Purpose: Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) are among the progressive encephalopathies of childhood that are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. In this study we specifically aimed to investigate any white-matter changes in the carriers (parents) and the healthy siblings of individuals with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis disease and whether we may be able to predict the occurrence of any neurological symptoms in healthy children in the future thus enabling early management. Materials and Methods: Since the NCLs are genetically determined diseases, we investigated fifteen individuals in three families that had diseased children of the juvenile type, with brain perfusion SPECT and MRI. Brain perfusion SPECT was performed after administering 222-555 MBq (6-15 mCi) Tc-99m HMPAO intravenously in a dimmed and quiet room. Imaging was performed at least one hour after injection, with a three headed gamma camera equipped with high resolution collimators. A Metz filter (FWHM: 11 mm) was used for processing. Cranial MRI was performed with an imager operating at 1.5 Tesla. Spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted and FLAIR slices were obtained for each individual. Results: In all of the five diseased children we observed pathologic findings both on MRI and Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT. The findings on MRI were mainly features of cerebral and cerebellar atrophy and the observations on Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT were regional perfusion abnormalities. We observed some structural abnormalities on MRI in four of the parents and two of the four healthy siblings. We also noted perfusion abnormalities on Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in two of the parents and two of the healthy siblings. Conclusion: Because the disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, the parents and the healthy siblings were not supposed to exhibit any demonstrable brain lesions, but the brain perfusion SPECT and MRI examinations clearly revealed multiple lesions in some of the parents and healthy siblings. Detailed neurological examinations of these individuals were normal except for one apparently healthy sibling (EY). Follow-up imaging of these families is being undertaken and further studies are essential in understanding the pathogenesis and genetics of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses.Item Technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime lung scintigraphy findings in patients with Behcs disease(2011) Gumuser G.; Pirildar T.; Tarhan S.; Batok D.; Ruksen E.; Sakar A.; Sayit E.AIM: Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem disorder that is characterized by vasculitis, and consists of a triad of recurrent ulcers of the oral and genital mucosa with relapsing uveitis. The prevalence of pulmonary involvement varies in the range of 1-10% in various studies, and its complications are severe and life threatening. To objectively assess the degree of pulmonary vascular endothelial damage in BD, the lung uptake, and the clearance rate of technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (Tc-99m-HMPAO) were determined. METHODS: Twenty-three nonsmoking patients with BD (10 female, 13 male) and 11 (six female, five male) healthy nonsmoking controls underwent Tc-99m-HMPAO lung scanning, pulmonary function tests (PFT), chest radiograph examination, contrast-enhanced spiral chest computed tomography scanning, and high-resolution computed tomography examinations. Immediately after the bolus injection of 740 MBq of Tc-99m-HMPAO posterior sequential images were obtained at 1-s intervals for 150 s and subsequent images were obtained at one frame per minute (min) over a 10-min period, using a double-headed gamma camera equipped with a low-energy all-purpose parallel hole collimator. Dynamic images were used to calculate the Tc-99m-HMPAO lung clearance rate (T1/2). Simultaneously, a static anterior image, including a large part of the liver, was obtained of 5-min duration at 10 min after the injection. Regular regions of interests were drawn over the midportion of the right lung and the highest activity area of the liver parenchyma was selected and lung/liver (L/Li) uptake ratios were calculated to represent the degree of pulmonary vascular endothelial damage. RESULTS: Chest radiograph, high-resolution computed tomography, and computed tomography findings in patients with BD were nonspecific for BD. There was also a statistically significant difference between patients with BD (30.26±10.55 s) and normal controls (19.53±6.24 s) on their T1/2 values (P=0.0004). The results show that the L/Li ratios on the Tc-99m-HMPAO lung scan were significantly higher in patients with BD (0.60±0.19) than those in normal controls (0.39±0.07) (P=0.0021). Using a cutoff value of 0.50, 15 of 23 (65%) patients with BD had increased L/Li ratios. No correlation was found between the mean T1/2 values of Tc-99m-HMPAO clearance and the PFT in patients with BD. The L/Li ratios were not correlated with PFT in patients with BD. CONCLUSION: The degree of pulmonary vascular endothelial damage was represented as increased L/Li ratios and decreased lung clearance rate measured on the Tc-99m-HMPAO lung scan in patients with BD. Our results indicated that determining the T1/2 values and the L/Li ratios on Tc-99m-HMPAO lung imaging should be an objective method to assess subclinical pulmonary damage even in the early stages of BD in the patients. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.Item Assessment of lung toxicity caused by bleomycin and amiodarone by Tc-99m HMPAO lung scintigraphy in rats(2013) Gumuser G.; Vural K.; Varol T.; Parlak Y.; Tuglu I.; Topal G.; Sayit E.Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the lung toxicity caused by amiodarone (AD) and bleomycin (BLM) in rats, by means of Tc-99m HMPAO lung scintigraphy. Methods: Thirty albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. After AD or BLM was dissolved with isotonic saline (SF), a 0.5 ml solution was applied to the right bronchus via a catheter. Group 1 (n = 5 rats) received a single dose of AD, group 2 (n = 5) received two doses of AD, group 3 (n = 9) received BLM, group 4 (n = 3) received hydrochloric acid (HCl), and group 5 (n = 8) received SF. Rats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 were given 37 MBq Tc-99m HMPAO from the tail vein on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, and at 4 and 24 h in group 4. Static images of 10 min duration were obtained at 30 and 60 min by a double-headed gamma camera (Infinia, GE, Tirat Hacermel, Israel) on 256 × 256 matrix. Regular regions of interests were drawn over the right lung (RL), left lung (LL) and the liver (Li), and lung/liver (L/Li) ratios were calculated. After the scintigraphic imaging procedures were completed, rats were killed. Lung tissues were evaluated on a scale of (+) to (+++++) for edema, alveolar structural integrity and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Results: Groups 2 and 3 showed statistically significant differences in RL/Li and LL/Li ratios, whereby RL/Li was higher than LL/Li (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in RL/Li and LL/Li ratios in group 5 (p > 0.05). In histopathological examination, minimal damage or artifacts were observed in group 5. In group 4, almost all pathological findings were present in the right lung. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) histological differences were found when groups 1 and 5 were compared. More significant (p < 0.001) pathological effects were noted when groups 2 and 3 were compared to both groups 5 and 1. Injury was more prominent in the lung tissues of the control rats that were given HCl. Increased RL/Li ratios and histopathological findings were consistent. Conclusion: Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan are found to be useful in the identification of patients with lung toxicity. The simplicity of the procedure and lower radiation exposure are the advantages of Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan. © 2013 The Author(s).