Browsing by Subject "Vero cell line"

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    Enhanced intracellular translocation and biodistribution of gold nanoparticles functionalized with a cell-penetrating peptide (VG-21) from vesicular stomatitis virus
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2014) Tiwari P.M.; Eroglu E.; Bawage S.S.; Vig K.; Miller M.E.; Pillai S.; Dennis V.A.; Singh S.R.
    Reduced toxicity and ease of modification make gold nanoparticles (GNPs) suitable for targeted delivery, bioimaging and theranostics by conjugating cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This study presents the biodistribution and enhanced intracellular uptake of GNPs functionalized with VG-21, a CPP derived from vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (G). Cell penetrating efficiency of VG-21 was demonstrated using CellPPD web server, conjugated to GNPs and were characterized using, UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. Uptake of VG-21 functionalized GNPs (fGNPs) was tested in eukaryotic cell lines, HEp-2, HeLa, Vero and Cos-7, using flow cytometry, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasmon optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The effects of nanoparticles on stress and toxicity related genes were studied in HEp-2cells. Cytokine response to fGNPs was studied invitro and invivo. Biodistribution of nanoparticles was studied in BALB/c mice using TEM and ICP-OES. VG-21, GNPs and fGNPs had little to no effect on cell viability. Upon exposure to fGNPs, HEp-2cells revealed minimal down regulation of stress response genes. fGNPs displayed higher uptake than GNPs in all cell lines with highest internalization by HEp-2, HeLa and Cos-7cells, in endocytotic vesicles and nuclei. Cytokine ELISA showed that mouse J774cells exposed to fGNPs produced less IL-6 than did GNP-treated macrophage cells, whereas TNF-α levels were low in both treatment groups. Biodistribution studies in BALB/c mice revealed higher accumulation of fGNPs than GNPs in the liver and spleen. Histopathological analyses showed that fGNP-treated mice accumulated 35ng/mg tissue and 20ng/mg tissue gold in spleen and liver respectively, without any adverse effects. Likewise, serum cytokines were low in both GNP- and fGNP-treated mice. Thus, VG-21-conjugated GNPs have enhanced cellular internalization and are suitable for various biomedical applications as nano-conjugates. © 2014 The Authors.
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    Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of organometallic Ru(II) diamine complexes
    (Academic Press Inc., 2020) Kavukcu S.B.; Şahin O.; Seda Vatansever H.; Kurt F.O.; Korkmaz M.; Kendirci R.; Pelit L.; Türkmen H.
    A series of mono and bimetallic ruthenium(II) arene complexes bearing diamine (Ru1-6) were prepared and fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 19F, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of the bimetallic complex (Ru5) was determined by X-ray crystallography. Monometallic analogues (Ru1-3) were synthesized to investigate the contributions of ruthenium and the other organic groups (aren, ethylenediamine, butyl) to the activity. The electrochemical behaviors of mono and bimetallic complexes were obtained from the relationship between cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the biological activities of the compounds. The cytotoxic activities of the complexes (Ru1-6) were tested against wide-scale cancer cell lines, namely HeLa, MDA-MB-231, DU-145, LNCaP, Hep-G2, Saos-2, PC-3, and MCF-7, and normal cell lines 3T3-L1 and Vero. Diamine Ru(II) arene complexes have unique biological characteristics and they are promising models for new anticancer drug development. MTT analysis reveals that each synthesized Ru complex showed cytotoxic activity towards the different cancer cells. In particular, three Ru complexes (Ru3, Ru5 and Ru6) showed less toxic effects on the cancer cells than the others. These novel Ru complexes affected both cancer and normal cell lines. As they had a toxic effect on the cells, the dosage applied should be tested before being used for in vivo applications. Cytotoxicity tests have shown that the bimetallic complex Ru6 was effective on all cancer cells. The effect of bimetallic enhancement on cancer cell lines, the systematic variation of the intermetallic distance and the ligand donor properties of the mono and bimetallic complexes were explored based on the cytotoxic activity. The interaction with FS-DNA and the stability/aquation of the complexes (Ru3 and Ru6) were investigated with 1H NMR spectroscopy. The binding modes between the complexes (Ru3 and Ru6) and DNA were investigated via UV–Vis spectroscopy. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
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    Antiprotozoal activity of auranofin on Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania tropica and Toxoplasma gondii: in vitro and ex vivo study
    (Oxford University Press, 2023) Yıldırım A.; Özbilgin A.; Yereli K.
    Background: Three obligate intracellular protozoan parasite species, which are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality and settle in macrophage cells, affect more than one-half of the world’s population, namely, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania tropica and Toxoplasma gondii, which are causative agents of Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis, respectively. In the current study, it was aimed to investigate the in vitro and ex vivo antiprotozoal activity of auranofin on T. cruzi, L. tropica and T. gondii. Methods: The in vitro drug efficacy (IC50) of auranofin was investigated by haemocytometry and the CellTiter-Glo assay methods and the ex vivo drug efficacy (IC50) by light microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained slides. Also, the cytotoxic activity (CC50) of auranofin was examined by the CellTiter-Glo assay. The selectivity index (SI) was calculated for auranofin. Results: According to IC50, CC50 and SI data, auranofin did not exhibit cytotoxic activity on Vero cells, but exhibited antiprotozoal activity on epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi, promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. tropica and intracellular tachyzoites of T. gondii (p<0.05). Conclusions: The detection antiprotozoal activity of auranofin on T. cruzi, L. tropica and T. gondii according to the IC50, CC50 and SI values is considered an important and promising development. This is significant because auranofin may be an effective alternative treatment for Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis in the future. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved.