Browsing by Subject "alkylating agent"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Multiple myeloma and renal failure; [Multipl miyelom ve böbrek yetersizliǧi]
    (2001) Özgür B.; Alici T.; Kürşat S.
    MM should be suspected in every patient with acute renal failure of uncertain ethiology because in this situation a prompt therapy should be administered in order to prevent sustained renal failure. Patients with known MM should be investigated for potential renal impairment. The MM therapy includes two major sides: General measures and chemotherapy. Preventive measures against dehydration, hypercalcaemia, infection, septicaemia and the use of nephrotoxic agents are the backbones of the general approach to MM. The early mortality of MM patients with renal failure is up to 30%. This is due mainly to infection and septicaemia and is favoured by the immunosupsressive effects of myeloma per se, of renal failure, and of the administration of corticosteroids and cytostatic drugs. Prevention, early diagnosis and optimal therapy for infections are recommended. Chemotherapy should be started as soon as possible. To achieve fast reduction in the myeloma protein load we recommend VAD chemotherapy for patients up to the age of 65 years. Patients with renal failure should be treated in hospital to detect infections at an early stage in order to start antibiotic therapy. Patients older than 65 years should be treated with cyclophosphamide plus prednisone or melphalan plus prednisone, because the incidence of complications caused by high-dose pulsed immunosuppressive glucocorticoid therapy is high in this age bracket. In addition, chemotherapy with alkylating agents could induce leucocytopenia in MM patients. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for patients with MM at the time of chemotherapy. Factors affecting the recovery of renal function are the degree of renal failure, the presence of hypercalcaemia and the amount of protein excreted. Effective treatment of renal failure in combination with myeloma therapy will reduce adverse events and prolong survival.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Protective effect of ketamine against hemorrhagic cystitis in rats receiving ifosfamide
    (Medknow Publications, 2014) Ozguven A.A.; Yilmaz O.; Taneli F.; Ulman C.; Vatansever S.; Onag A.
    Objective: To investigate the possible protective effect of a single dose of ketamine and the synergistic effect between ketamine and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) against ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Materials and Methods: 35 adult female wistar rats were divided into five groups and pretreated with ketamine at 10 mg/kg and/or mesna 400 mg/kg 30 minutes before intraperitoneal injection of IFS (400 mg/kg) or with saline (control group). Hemorrhagic cystitis was evaluated 24 hours after IFS injection according to bladder wet weight (BWW), and microscopic changes, i.e. edema, hemorrhage, cellular infiltration, and urothelial desquamation. The markers of oxidative damage including nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) were also assayed in the bladder tissues. Results: Pretreatment with ketamine alone or ketamine in combination with mesna reduced the IFS-induced increase of BWW (58,47% and 63,33%, respectively, P < 0.05). IFS- induced microscopic alterations were also prevented by ketamine with or without mesna (P < 0.05). In addition, also statistically insignificant, the bladder tissue expressions of IL-1β were lower in ketamine and/or mesna-receiving groups (P > 0,05). The parameters of oxidative stress, the NO and the MDA contents of the bladder tissues of the study groups were not different. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that a single dose of ketamine pretreatment attenuates experimental IFS-induced bladder damage. It is therefore necessary to investigate ketamine locally and systematically with various dosing schedulesin order to reduce the bladder damage secondary to oxazaphosphorine-alkylating agents and these results may widen the spectrum of ketamine.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Anti-angiogenic effects of trabectedin (Yondelis; ET-743) on human breast cancer cells
    (John Libbey Eurotext, 2014) Atmaca H.; Uzunoglu S.
    Trabectedin, a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid derived from a Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, has been shown to have antitumor effects. In this study, we assessed the possible anti-angiogenic effects of trabectedin on HUVECs and breast cancer cell lines. An XTT cell viability assay was used to determine cytotoxicity. A scratch assay was used to detect the migration of cells after trabectedin treatment. Angiogenic cytokine profiles of breast cancer cell lines, before and after treatment with trabectedin, were investigated using an angiogenesis antibody array. Changes in mRNA expression levels of VEGF were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Trabectedin inhibited the viability of HUVECs and breast cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The migration of both HUVECs and breast cancer cells was suppressed by trabectedin treatment. Angiogenic cytokines which are known to regulate tumorigenicity and angiogenesis, such as GM-CSF, IGFBP-2, VEGF, and uPA, were inhibited, while several anti-angiogenic cytokines such as TIMP-1 and Serpin E1were induced in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, expression levels of VEGF mRNA were inhibited in all breast cancer cells tested. Although additional studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-angiogenic activity of trabectedin, our results suggest that trabectedin may act as a potential anti-angiogenic agent in breast cancer cells.