Browsing by Subject "cigarette smoking"
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Item The effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on cord blood lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels(International Heart Journal Association, 1997) Işcan A.; Yiǧitoǧlu M.R.; Ece A.; Ari Z.; Akyildiz M.We examined the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and serum lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in newborns. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a) were assesed in blood samples from 38 mothers who were smokers and their newborns obtained at delivery and compared to blood sample from 42 nonsmokers and their newborns. As compared with newborns of nonsmoker mothers, newborns of smoker mothers showed a lower mean level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (21 versus 26 mg/dl, p < 0.01), a higher total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.7 versus 3.7, P < 0.01), a higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios (3.2 versus 2.3, p < 0.05), a lower mean level of apolipoprotein A-1 (105 versus 129 mg/dl, p < 0.01) and a higher apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (0.44 versus 0.3, p < 0.01). These paremeters were also different between smoker and nonsmoker mothers. There were no significant differences in TC, TG, LDL-C, Apo B and Lp (a) values between the two newborn groups. These data suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy markedly affects lipid metabolism in the fetus.Item Attitudes of Turkish physicians towards cigarette smoking(1999) Esen A.; Celik P.; Yorgancioglu A.; Sen F.S.; Yagiz D.The aim of this study is to investigate the smoking habits of the physicians working in Manisa province and their attitudes towards patients who smoke. A three-part questionnaire was given to 305 of 447 physicians (68.2%). Part 1 investigated the smoking habits of the physicians; part 2 asked about their attitudes towards patients who smoke; and part 3 assessed their knowledge of smoking cessation techniques. Of the physicians 30.2% (n = 92) were female and 69.8% (n = 213) were male, and 41.3% of the total were smokers (37.0% of these were female and 43.2% were male). Almost two thirds of the physicians (64.2%) always or frequently asked questions about the smoking habits of their patients; 60.6% offered suggestions to their patients about quitting smoking, but only 23.9% gave information about smoking cessation techniques, and 18.9% gave information about withdrawal symptoms. The results of this study showed that the physicians working in Manisa province had similar smoking rates compared with those of the general population. They were interested in their patients' smoking habits, but they did not have enough information about smoking cessation programmes.Item The relationship between serum trace element changes and visual function in heavy smokers(2003) Uz E.; Sahin S.; Hepsen I.F.; Var A.; Sogut S.; Akyol Ö.Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate serum manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels and visual functions including visual acuity, colour vision, pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs), and contrast sensitivity in heavy smokers and to compare these with the equivalent levels and functions in non-smokers. Methods: Data were recorded in 24 healthy, chronic and heavy cigarette smokers and 16 healthy, non-smoking control subjects. Serum Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations in all subjects were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: Both study and control subjects had normal visual acuity and colour vision. Pattern visual evoked potentials were normal in all study and control subjects. Contrast sensitivity was significantly reduced in heavy smokers compared to non-smokers (p < 0.023), despite the fact that central vision and PVEP responses were not affected. Mean serum Mn and Zn levels were significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005, respectively). Conclusions: Reduced contrast sensitivity values associated with low levels of serum Mn and Zn, which function as cofactors of superoxide dismutase in erythrocyte and other nucleated cells, suggest a possible role of trace elements in smoking-induced early retinal toxicity.Item Protective Effect of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast on Smoking-Induced Lung Injury in Wistar Rats(2003) Yüksel H.; Ozbilgin K.; Coskun S.; Tuglu I.Increased activation of alveolar macrophage, neutrophil and mast cell has been proven in cigarette smoking (CS)-related lung disorders (CSLD). An increased production of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (LTs), which are mediators secreted from the mentioned cells, in response to CS has been shown in humans. The protective effect of LT1 receptor-1 antagonist (LTR-1AT) on CSLD is, however, not known. In this study we aimed to determine whether there is any protective effect of a LTR-1AT, montelukast (MK), on CSLD in Wistar rats. Nine controls and twenty-three smoke-exposed rats were enrolled into this study. Controls were exposed to non-filtered air, and the smoke-exposed rats were exposed to CS for 6 h/day, 6 days/week for three weeks. The CS-exposed rats were also treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day of MK or saline. Morphometric criteria for lung injury were determined as the mean linear intercept of alveolar septa (Lm), the volume density of alveolar septa (Vvspt) and the density of the alveolar surface area per unit volume of lung parenchyma (Sva.pa). Lung mast cells (LMC), which are a major source of LTs, were also counted. Results showed that Lm of the control group was significantly lower and Vvspt, Sva.pa of the controls were significantly higher compared to those of the CS-exposed groups. Animals treated with MK had significant protection against CSLD. Lm was significantly higher and Vvspt, Sva.pa were lower in the saline group than in the MK-treated group. The number of LMC in the CS-exposed groups was also significantly higher than that in the control group. Based on these results, one can suggest that some part of the pathogenesis of CSLD may be related to an enhanced LTs synthesis and LTR-1AT. Therefore, montelukast may protect against active or passive smoking-induced lung injury and related disorders.Item Evaluation of cases of prenatal care received by women who have given birth; [Doǧum yapan kadinlarin doǧum öncesi bakim alma durumlarinin deǧerlendirilmesi](2004) Özbaşaran F.; Yanikkerem E.This study is which is cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic type; was done to determine the cases of prenatal care received by the women who gave birth in Manisa Maternity Hospital and Celal Bayar University Hospital in December 2002 and their willingness about their last pregnancy. This questionnaire which consisted of the questions about socio-demographic characteristics, prolificacy story, use of family plan methods, voluntaries of pregnancy and prenatal care received was applied to the women who had given birth through the face-to-face interview method. During the working hours (on Mondays and Wednesdays) the 151 women who could be reached before they were discharged form the hospital were interviewed with. The data were evaluated by SPSS for Windows version 9.0 statistics program. The average age of the women was 25.20 ± 4.96(16-42). 60% of them were primary school graduates; 83. 4% not working, 63.6% nucleus family, 36.4% large family, 16.6% having a relative husband, 50.3% having given normal birth, 49.7% caesarian birth, 14.6% of the pregnancies were not volunteered at all, 14.6% of the were not planned and a result of wrong timing. The women's primary reason of not wanting pregnancies is economical (31.8%). 13.2% of the babies born are 2500 gr. and less than that. 34.4% of the women were using a family planning method during their pregnancies. The most widely used method was withdrawal. 13.5% said that they got pregnant despite using Ria, 13.5% oral contraceptive, 7.9% condom. Only 49% of the women used a family planning method so far. 63.6% of the women decided what method to use as postnatal family planning. Ria comes as number one method preferred by 62.5% of the women. The mean of the weeks when the women noticed their pregnancies is 6.50±4.50 (2-29). The mean of the weeks when women had their first pregnancy check-up is 10.72±6.61 (0-40). The mean of the cigarettes smoked daily by the smoking women is 5.32 ± 4.34 (1-20). The rate of the women who didn't receive any prenatal controls during their pregnancies is 14.6%. The place where they had their controls most is local health center. The controls are measuring the blood pressure, weight control and FHc control respectively. The Subjects they received most education about are prenatal diet and tetanus vaccine. In our study, we have found out that women are lacking in information about prenatal period and family planning.Item Relationship between metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction(2004) Gündüz M.I.; Gümüş B.H.; Şekuri C.Aim: To determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) and to see which risk factors correlated the best with ED. Methods: Seventy-nine cardiology clinic outpatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and lipid metabolism disorder were recruited. They were categorized as having MS, hypertension (blood pressure greater than 130/85 mmHg) and dyslipidemia. ED was classified based on International Index of Erectile Function scores. Patients were grouped into quartiles based on body mass index (BMI). Chi-square, Pearson's correlation and regression tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.6 years. ED was diagnosed in 59 (74.7%) of the 79 patients. In the 38 patients with MS, all had ED. ED was not significantly correlated with cholesterol levels (P > 0.05), but was found often in patients who had both hypercholesterolemia and HT (P<0.01). Nineteen(76%) of the 25 patients who had dyslipidemia had ED. However, ED was not significantly correlated with dyslipidemia (P > 0.05). Tweenty-two of the 23 patients who had BMI greater than 30 had ED, which was significantly more prevalent than that in those who had normal BMI (P<0.01). ED was seen in 38 of 53 smoker patients. Although ED was more prevalent in cigarette smokers, it was not significantly different from non-smokers (P>0.5). Conclusion: ED is present in a high percentage of patients with MS. Among multiple risk factors for ED, MS correlates the most highly. The next most important risk group is the patients with hypertension +hypercholestrolemia and obesity (BMI > 30). © 2004, Asian Journal of Andrology.Item The effects of gender and menopause on serum lidocaine levels in smokers(Editions Medecine et Hygiene, 2005) Oztekin S.; Mavioglu O.; Elar Z.; Guven H.; Kalkan Ş.; Gurpinar T.It has been established that human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic activity is affected by gender, or by hormonal factors such as the menopause in women. Gender differences have a more pronounced effect on cytochrome (CYP) 3A4 isoenzyme activity, whereas cytochrome (CYP) 1A2 isoenzyme activity is mainly induced by chronic smoking. Lidocaine is frequently used in the treatment of hemodynamic changes following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation during general anesthesia, and is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 isoenzymes in the liver. The aim of this study was investigate the effects of gender and menopause on serum lidocaine levels in smokers under general anesthesia. Six men, six premenopausal women and six postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study and received i.v. lidocaine (1 mg/kg) 1 minute before they underwent general anesthesia. Serum lidocaine concentrations were measured using the EMIT® method at 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes post-administration. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the area under curve (AUC (0-60) μg/mL/min), elimination half-life (t1/2 [min]) of lidocaine and in the measured levels of serum lidocaine at any time point between the study groups (p>0.05). These results suggest that gender and menopause may have no significant effect on serum lidocaine levels in smokers.Item Sunscreen use and sun protection practices in students and personnel of Celal Bayar University(2005) Ermertcan A.T.; Öztürkcan S.; Dinç G.; Yurtman D.; Pala T.; Şahin M.T.Background/Purpose: The steady increase in the incidence of melanoma, non-melanoma cutaneous neoplasia and preneoplastic disorders has contributed to the demand for more effective protection from the sun. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of sunscreen use and other sun protection behaviors in a large sample of students and personnel of Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. Methods: The study group included 1018 participants of whom 607 work in the Celal Bayar University Hospital and 411 are students from the Medical Faculty and School for Health Professionals. All participants completed a questionnaire composed of 45 items about sun protection and other health behaviors, such as sports activity, use of cigarettes, alcohol and seat-belts. Sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreen, avoiding sun exposure during peak hours, wearing clothing, a hat and sunglasses were studied. Results: Of the 1018, 403 participants were male and 615 were female. While avoiding sun exposure during peak hours was the most popular preventive behavior for men (42.5%), wearing sunglasses was the most popular one for women (50.7%). Avoiding exposure was the second preventive behavior for women (42.1%). Use of sunscreen with SPF 15+ was the second popular protective measure for men (19.4%) and the third one for women (39.2%). There were no significant relationships between sun protection behaviors and obesity, use of cigarettes and alcohol. We also investigated behavioral changes with sunburn experience in the participants who had sunburn history. Among these behavioral changes, increased use of sunscreen and decreased sun exposure during peak hours with sunburn experience were significant. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the risk of sun exposure is largely unrecognized in Manisa, Turkey, and we have very incomplete information about protective measures. An efficient policy of education on the effective use of sun protection methods should be developed to prevent skin cancer. Copyright © Blackwell Munksgaard 2005.Item Epidemiological features of Turkish patients with sarcoidosis(2009) Musellim B.; Kumbasar O.O.; Ongen G.; Cetinkaya E.; Turker H.; Uzaslan E.; Yenturk E.; Uzun O.; Saglam L.; Celik G.; Okumus G.; Annakkaya A.N.; Altiay G.; Tabak L.; Sakar A.; Kiter G.; Erturan S.; Turktas H.; Yalniz E.; Akkoclu A.; Ogus C.; Dogan O.T.; Ozkan M.; Aktogu S.; Uzel I.Epidemiological characteristics of sarcoidosis differ according to geographical distribution. The aim of our study was to disclose epidemiological characteristics in our country. The data was collected from investigators, who sent information on newly-diagnosed patients via internet. In 2 years 198 female and 95 male patients were enrolled to the study (f/m:2.08). Mean age of patients was 44 ± 13 years (17-90). Mean age of male patients was 38 ± 12 while mean age of female patients was 48 ± 13 (p < 0.001). 73.4% of patients were nonsmokers (85.4% of females; 48.4% of males; (p < 0.001)). About 50% of our 293 patients were housewives. Familial sarcoidosis was found in 3 patients' first degree relatives. Estimated annual incidence of sarcoidosis for Turkey was calculated as 4 per 100,000 person. According to our study, 2/3 of sarcoidosis patients were women; mean age of patients was 45 and the disease began 10 years later in female patients. 80% of patients were nonsmokers; negative relation between sarcoidosis and smoking was evident especially in women. Familial sarcoidosis frequency was lower compared to other studies in the literature. There was no occupational exposure history in our patients. Our incidence rate, is similar with the results of other European studies. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item The effect of nicotine among active, passive smoker health personnel; [Saǧlik çalişanlarinda, aktif ve pasif sigara i̇çicilerde nikotin etkilenim düzeyleri](2009) Temel O.; Coşkun A.Ş.; Gök Ş.; Çelik P.; Yorgancioǧlu A.Objective: It is aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental tobacco smoke among active and passive smoker and non-smoker health staff. Material and Method: 209 volunteers were included; age, gender, occupation and smoking habits were recorded. Exhaled air carbon monoxide (CO), urinary cotinine levels and Fagerström Nicotine Tolerance Questionnaire were performed. Results: 106 (55%) of 117 active, 66 (32%) passive smokers and 26 (13%) non-smokers were male and the mean age was 30.3 ± 6.6 (18-55). 56 (27%), 33 (16%), 80 (38%), and 40 (19%) were doctors, nurses, assistant staff and officers respectively. Mean CO level was higher in active smokers (18 ppm) than passive smokers (1.9 ppm) and non-smokers (1.5 ppm) (p=0.001). Mean urinary cotinine level was higher in active smokers (949.5 ng/ml), than passive smokers (11.3 ng/ml) and non-smokers (0.00 ng/ml) (p=0.000). Nicotine consumption in active smokers was positively and significantly related with CO, urine cotinine levels and nicotine dependency (<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that environmental tobacco smoke has been found to be very high in hospitals and smoke-free hospital programs should ibe started immediately.Item Skin manifestations of child abuse(2010) Ermertcan A.T.; Ertan P.Child abuse is a major public health problem all over the world. There are four major types of abuse: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. The most common manifestations of child abuse are cutaneous and their recognition; and differential diagnosis is of great importance. Clinicians, especially dermatologists, should be alert about the skin lesions of child abuse. In the diagnosis and management of child abuse, a multidisciplinary approach with ethical and legal procedures is necessary. In this manuscript, cutaneous manifestations of physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect are reviewed and discussed.Item Occupational asthma in welders and painters(Ankara University, 2010) Temel O.; Şakar Coşkun A.; Yaman N.; Sarioǧlu N.; Alkaç Ç.; Konyar I.; Özgen Alpaydin A.; Çelik P.; Cengiz Özyurt B.; Keskin E.; Yorgancioǧlu A.We aimed to investigate the frequency of occupational asthma (OA) and the factors associated with OA development in a bicycle factory, subsequently after the diagnosis of OA in three workers at the same department. Forty one welders, 23 painters and 46 controls (office workers), a total number of 110 cases were included in the study. Turkish Thoracic Society Occupational and Environmental Diseases Evaluation Questionnaire and physical examination, chest-X ray, pulmonary function tests were performed as needed. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) follow-up was done in welders and painters. Cases having symptoms related with work and ≥ 20% PEF variability were diagnosed as OA. Wheezing were more frequent in welders and painters than the control group, although there wasn't a statisticall significance. Dyspnea, cough and sputum production were more frequent in welders and painters with respect to controls (p< 0.05). Nine (22%) welder, 4 (18%) painter were diagnosed as OA. Working duration of welders and painters with OA (72, 156 months, respectively) were longer than the welders and painters without OA (45, 76 months, respectively), but it did not have any statistically significance. We suggest that working in welding and painting departments may cause respiratory symptoms and OA.Item Environmental risk factors in pediatric psoriasis: A multicenter case-control study(2011) Özden M.G.; Tekin N.S.; Gürer M.A.; Akdemir D.; Doǧramaci Ç.; Utaş S.; Akman A.; Evans S.E.; Bahadir S.; Öztürkcan S.; Ikizoǧlu G.; Şendur N.; Köse O.; Bek Y.; Yayli S.; Cantürk T.; Turanl A.Y.To analyze the effect of possible risk factors, including breastfeeding, on the development of childhood-onset psoriasis, a multicenter case-control study with prospective collection of data was performed. Using a standard questionnaire, personal and specific variables including family history of psoriasis, maternal and environmental tobacco smoke exposure, body mass index (BMI), exclusive and partial breastfeeding for at least 3 and 12 months, cow's milk intake before 1 year, birth delivery method, and stressful life events were collected during 2009 from 537 patients with psoriasis and 511 controls younger than 18. Overall, patients more frequently reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and stressful life events in the year preceding the diagnosis than controls. The odds ratios (OR) for smoking and stressful life events were 2.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.27-3.78) and 2.94 (95% CI = 2.28-3.79), respectively. In addition, children with psoriasis were more likely to have a higher BMI (>26) than controls (OR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.42-4.49). High BMI, environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home, and stressful life events may influence the development of pediatric psoriasis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Item Mannose binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphism and relationship between serum MBL concentrations in COPD patients; [KOAH hastalarında mannoz baǧlayan lektin (MBL) gen polimorfizmi ve serum MBL derişimi arasındaki ilişki](Turkish Biochemistry Society, 2012) Ulutas G.S.; Taneli F.; Alpaydin A.O.; Cetinkaya C.; Ulman C.; Guvenc Y.; Dinc G.; Coskun A.S.Aim: We aimed to assess mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphisms and serum MBL concentrations in a sample of Turkish chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as well as in cigarette smokers. Furthermore, we looked for the possible correlations of serum MBL concentrations with pulmonary function tests. Materials and methods: Forty COPD patients and 40 healthy volunteers were included. The subjects were thereafter divided into 2 groups according to smoking status. Circulating MBL concentrations were assessed by ELISA and MBL gene polymorphisms were assessed by real time PCR method. Spirometry was performed to all subjects except healthy nonsmokers. Results: In the whole study population MBL gene frequencies were found 82.5%(66/80) for A/B genotype, 15%(12/80) for D/D genotype and 2.5%(2/80) for B/B genotype. Circulating MBL concentrations were found 2103±1311 ng/ml and 2324±1001 ng/ml in smoker and nonsmoker COPD patients, respectively, whereas they were 1746±1142 ng/ml in smoker and 2040±879 ng/ml in nonsmoker controls. No statistical difference was found between the study groups for serum MBL concentrations. Serum MBL concentration correlated positively with cigarette smoking (r=0.280, p=0.030) and negatively with pulmonary functions (FEV1 (r=- 0.246, p=0.058). Conclusion: To our knowledge, no previous study has been performed in healthy Turkish population to detect the MBL gene polymorphisms. A/B genotype was the most frequent MBL variant in our study population; however serum MBL concentrations were not found compatible with MBL deficiency. We believe these results need further investigation which includes larger series to evaluate whether serum MBL concentration is a risk factor for COPD. © TurkJBiochem.com.Item Relationships between nicotine craving, orexin-leptin levels and temperament character traits among non-treatment seeking health professionals(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2018) Aşçibaşi K.; Deveci A.; Cengiz Özyurt B.; Oran Pirinçcioğlu A.; Taneli F.BACKGROUND: Repeated cigarette use in individuals generally occurs due to the craving for smoking. Orexin-leptin hormones and temperament character traits are thought to be important factors affecting nicotine craving. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine orexin-leptin blood levels, which appear in nicotine deprivation, in health professionals who were diagnosed as having tobacco use disorder in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) and to assess the temperament-character traits of the same group and to provide biologic and psychotherapeutic data for the treatment of tobacco abuse. METHODS: The study sample consisted of faculty of medicine students and resident physicians who were smokers (n = 40). The control group comprised medical students and resident physicians who were non-smokers (n = 40). The Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form, DSM-IV SCID-I Clinical Version, and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were applied to both groups. Substance Craving Scale (SCS) and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence were applied only smoking group. Blood samples were taken for plasma orexin and serum leptin levels for both groups. RESULTS: The plasma orexin levels were lower in the smokers group (p <.001). No statistically significant relations were determined between the SCS and plasma orexin and serum leptin levels in the smoking group. No significant differences were determined between the leptin (U = 119.5, p =.33) and orexin (U = 99, p =.11) levels of the heavy and very heavy smokers. The total points of novelty seeking (NS), and NS3 and NS4 subscale points in the TCI of the smoking group (p =.003, p =.003, p =.002), and the self-directedness (SD) SD2 and SD5 (p =.02, p =.01) subscale points, and total cooperativeness points (TC), and C4 and C5 subscale points (p =.001, p =.002, p =.001) of the non-smoking group were found as high. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Differences were detected between the smokers and non-smokers in TCI scale subgroups and in terms of orexin levels. These results will greatly assist in the fight against craving that appears as a result of smoking cessation. Orexin appears to be more specific for nicotine craving than leptin. It seems more likely that the quest for the treatment of craving will continue through orexin. Temperament and personality traits are important for determining psychotherapeutic and supportive approaches to the release of tobacco and tobacco products. A number of studies investigating monoaminergic mechanisms indirectly related to orexin and leptin are required to research temperament, which has a greater genetic burden. © 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Does atopy affect the course of viral pneumonia?(Elsevier Doyma, 2018) Erdem S.B.; Can D.; Girit S.; Çatal F.; Şen V.; Pekcan S.; Yüksel H.; Bingöl A.; Bostancı I.; Erge D.; Ersu R.Background: The presence of atopy is considered as a risk factor for severe respiratory symptoms in children. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of atopy on the course of disease in children hospitalised with viral pneumonia. Methods: Children between the ages of 1 and 6 years hospitalised due to viral pneumonia between the years of 2013 and 2016 were included to this multicentre study. Patients were classified into two groups as mild–moderate and severe according to the course of pneumonia. Presence of atopy was evaluated with skin prick tests. Groups were compared to evaluate the risk factors associated with severe viral pneumonia. Results: A total of 280 patients from nine centres were included in the study. Of these patients, 163 (58.2%) were male. Respiratory syncytial virus (29.7%), Influenza A (20.5%), rhinovirus (18.9%), adenovirus (10%), human metapneumovirus (8%), parainfluenza (5.2%), coronavirus (6%), and bocavirus (1.6%) were isolated from respiratory samples. Eighty-five (30.4%) children had severe pneumonia. Atopic sensitisation was found in 21.4% of the patients. Ever wheezing (RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4), parental asthma (RR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.2), other allergic diseases in the family (RR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9) and environmental tobacco smoke (RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–3.5) were more common in the severe pneumonia group. Conclusions: When patients with mild–moderate pneumonia were compared to patients with severe pneumonia, frequency of atopy was not different between the two groups. However, parental asthma, ever wheezing and environmental tobacco smoke exposure are risk factors for severe viral pneumonia in children. © 2017 SEICAPItem Attitude and Practice Toward Use of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes Among Pregnant Women: A Questionnaire-Based Survey(AVES, 2022) Yıldırım E.; Duru S.; Sevim T.; Topçu F.; Gemicioğlu B.; Özmen İ.; Ocaklı B.; Tuncay E.; Altınöz H.; Akpak Y.K.; Çelik P.; Varol Y.; Polat G.; Özkan S.; Dursunoğlu N.; Kılıç D.; Gülhan P.Y.; Diken Ö.E.; Çetinkaya P.D.; Yorgancıoğlu A.; Selçuk N.T.; Yıldız F.; Atacağ T.; Niksarlioğlu E.Y.; Uzaslan E.; Köktürk N.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate attitude and practice toward use of regular tobacco cigarettes and electronic cigarettes among pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1123 pregnant women participated on a voluntary basis in this questionnaire survey. Maternal charac-teristics, cigarette consumption parameters, and personal opinions regarding the adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy were evaluated. RESULTS: Active smokers composed 12.4% (9.4%: regular tobacco cigarettes, 3.0%: electronic cigarettes) of the study population. Smoking during the current pregnancy, particularly via regular tobacco cigarettes, was more likely for women with smoking during previous pregnancies (56.0% vs. 7.8%, P <.001), previous history of low birth weight infant delivery (16.1% vs. 8.6%, P =.013), premature delivery (16.7% vs. 7.0%, P <.001), and stillbirth (22.8% vs. 11.7%, P =.002). The presence versus absence of smoking during pregnancy was associated with a lower likelihood of being a housewife (70.5% vs. 80.5%, P =.010) and a higher likelihood of having an actively smoking mother (25.9% vs. 11.2%, P <.001) or partner (65.7% vs. 46.9%, P <.001). Regular tobacco cigarette users considered electronic cigarettes to have a higher risk of adverse impacts (11.1% vs. 2.9%, P =.012), while electronic cigarette users considered regular cigarettes to have a higher risk of nicotine exposure (55.9% vs. 13.0%, P <.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate being employed, having an actively smoking mother or partner, as well as smoking in previous pregnancies, to be the risk factors for increased likelihood of smoking during pregnancy. © 2022, AVES. All rights reserved.