Browsing by Subject "cluster analysis"
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Item Contrasting children and women's health and the determinants of health in a small-sized city(2005) Eser E.; Dinç G.; Oral A.M.; Özcan C.Contrasts that exist in urban infrastructure and accessibility of public health and social services between suburban and urban districts of mega-cities have been well defined. There has been less research in small-sized cities (population under 500,000). This cross-sectional study was done on 1,728 ever-married reproductive-aged women living in Manisa, Turkey, in the year 2000. The probability proportion to size cluster sampling approach was used in the sample selection. Data were collected for women and 7,016 inhabitants of the interviewed households. The data were collected from the women by face to face interviews. Suburban areas (illegally occupied public land called "Gecekondu" dwellings) in Manisa differ from other urban regions (legal settlements of the city) on socioeconomic factors including household occupancy, adult literacy, social class, rates of religious marriages, unemployment, health insurance coverage, migration, cultural segregation, and social status of women. Some traditional practices were also highly prevalent in gecekondu families, where poverty is more common. Although gross fertility rate (GFR), total fertility rate (TFR), and percent decrease of the TFR were higher for gecekondu women than urban women, total wanted fertility rate (TWFR) was lower. In urban neighborhoods, prevalence of contraceptive use was higher, and the infant and child mortality rates were lower; however, when rates were adjusted for mother's age, education and number of births, the differences turned out to be nonsignificant. Women living in urban areas receive better antenatal care, child immunization services, and professional health delivery assistance and services in a health facility; these services are very scarce in gecekondu districts. Health status of gecekondu populations can be improved by social and economic support and by making health services more available and accessible, especially maternity and child health services. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the New York Academy of Medicine. All rights reserved.Item Population standards of prostate specific antigen values in men over 40: Community based study in Turkey(2005) Müezzinoǧlu T.; Lekili M.; Eser E.; Uyanik B.S.; Büyüksu C.Objective: To determine the prostate specific antigen (PSA) population standards of a cluster of Turkish men with no clinical evidence of prostate cancer. Patients and methods: We evaluated PSA values of the men who were living in a well-defined, rural district of Western Anatolia. Two hundred fifty-seven men agreed to participate in this population-based study. They underwent clinical examination, transrectal ultrasonography and serum PSA measurement. The association between serum PSA and age, prostate volume and age, PSA and prostate volume, and PSA density (PSAD) and age were assessed. Distributions of serum PSA levels, prostate volumes (PV), and PSAD values as a function of age were generated. Results: The upper limit of normal PSA concentration were 4.51 ng/ml for men aged 40-49 years, 4.36 ng/ml for 50-59 years, 6.17 ng/ml for 60-69 years, and 10.18 ng/ml for over 70 years. The upper limit of normal (95th percentile) for the serum PSA concentration increased with age. Across the entire age range, no correlation was found between the serum PSA concentrations and age while significant correlation was found between serum PSA concentration and prostate volume. Conclusion: In this present study, the PSA values in different age intervals showed higher than those observed in previous studies. The PSA values are mainly affected by prostate volume rather than age. © Springer 2005.Item The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of women in a rural area in western Turkey(2006) Dündar P.E.; Özmen D.; Öztürk B.; Haspolat G.; Akyildiz F.; Çoban S.; Çakiroǧlu G.Background: Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish women, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine levels of knowledge about breast cancer and to evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes breast self- examination (BSE) and mammography in a group of women aged 20-64 in a rural area of western Turkey. Methods: 244 women were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this study. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables, a risk factors and signs of breast cancer form and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Bivariate correlation analysis, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis. Results: The mean age of the women was 37.7 ± 13.7. 49.2% of women were primary school graduates, 67.6% were married. Although 76.6% of the women in this study reported that they had heard or read about breast cancer, our study revealed that only 56.1 % of them had sufficient knowledge of breast cancer, half of whom had acquired the information from health professionals. Level of breast cancer knowledge was the only variable significantly associated with the BSE and mammography practice (p = 0.0 11, p = 0.007). BSE performers among the study group were more likely to be women who exhibited higher confidence and perceived greater benefits from BSE practice, and those who perceived fewer barriers to BSE performance and possessed knowledge of breast cancer. Conclusion: By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence women's BSE and mammography practice. © 2006 Dündar et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Item Prevalence of pseudoneurologic conversion disorder in an urban community in Manisa, Turkey(2007) Deveci A.; Taskin O.; Dinc G.; Yilmaz H.; Demet M.M.; Erbay-Dundar P.; Kaya E.; Ozmen E.Background: There is not a wide agreement upon rate of conversion disorder within Turkish population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of conversion disorder with pseudoneurological symptoms or deficits and related risk factors in a city. Method: In total, 1,086 people, aged 15-65 years old, were selected from the city of Manisa, Turkey to take part in the study. We applied sociodemographic and health information questionnaires and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Somatization Subscales to the samples. Results: The likelihood that an individual might have conversion disorder with pseudoneurological symptoms or deficits was found to be 5.6% (n = 61). The prevalence of conversion disorder with pseudoneurological symptoms or deficits was significantly higher among women (p < 0.0001), 15-24 year old women (p = 0.011) and 25-34 year old women (p = 0.003), people who live as squatters (p = 0.03), those with a history of psychiatric disorder (p < 0.0001) and those having a mother with a psychiatric disorder (p = 0.04). Conclusion: This study has shown the conversion disorder with pseudoneurological symptoms or deficits is inadequately frequent in the population. © Springer-Verlag 2007.Item Comparison of similarity coefficients used for cluster analysis based on RAPD markers in wild olives.(2010) Sesli M.; Yegenoglu E.D.Five different similarity coefficients (Jaccard, Sorensen-Dice, simple matching, Rogers and Tanimoto, and Russel and Rao) were evaluated and 10 wild olives analyzed with RAPD markers. The influence of the similarity coefficients on wild olives clustering was investigated. Forty-five primers were used on samples from 10 wild olives (Wild 1 and 2 obtained from Mugla province; Wild 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 from Manisa province and Wild 9 and 10 from Izmir province of Turkey). The similarity matrices obtained from RAPD markers were compared by the Mantel test. Cluster analysis was made with UPGMA dendrograms, and the consensus fork indexes between all pairs of dendrograms were calculated. The Jaccard and Sorensen-Dice coefficients gave the same results, due to the fact that both exclude negative co-occurrences. The dendrograms using the simple matching and Rogers and Tanimoto coefficients were similar; Wild 4 (Akhisar, Manisa) and Wild 9 (Bornova, Izmir) olives had the closest genetic similarities. This occurred because these coefficients include negative co-occurrences. The Russel and Rao coefficients produced different results, because they include negative co-occurrences in the denominator. We concluded that the coefficients that do not include negative co-occurrences are more efficient for studies of wild olives clustering based on RAPD markers.Item Genetic relationships among and within wild and cultivated olives based on RAPDs.(2010) Sesli M.; Yeǧenoǧlu E.D.We examined genetic relationships among wild and cultivated olives, which is a very important crop in the economy of the Aegean region. We used RAPD analysis to evaluate relationships among and within 22 olive subspecies from Manisa, Mugla and Izmir provinces in Turkey. Twelve of the subspecies were wild and 10 were cultivated olives. Fifty-two primers were used (OP-Q 1-20, OP-I 1-20, OP-F 14-15-16-17, and OP-K 1-8) and 49 polymorphic bands were selected and used for analysis. The dendrogram based on unweighted pair-group cluster analysis using the Sorensen-Dice coefficient of similarity index indicated two major groups, dividing wild olives from cultivated olives. The patterns of genetic relationships among and within the different olives were analyzed by means of analysis of molecular variance. We found significant differences between wild and cultivated olives (Phi(st) = 0.1507; P < 0.001). In order to determine the genetic relationship among wild and cultivated olives, principal coordinate analysis was used to examine the variation among subspecies. The wild and cultivated olives formed two main groups, one on the right side and the other on the left side of the principal coordinates graph, respectively. This was compatible with the results we obtained from analysis of molecular variance.Item Molecular diversity of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Western Turkey(Galenos Publishing House, 2012) Sürücüoǧlu S.; Günal S.; Özkütük N.; Biçmen C.; Özsöz A.; Gazi H.; Durmaz R.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular diversity and clonal relationship of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Western Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 strains isolated between 2006 and 2009, eight of which were rifampicin monoresistant and 79 were multidrug resistant, were analyzed with IS6110 RFLP and spoligotyping methods. Results: The results of spoligotyping showed that 7% of the strains were orphans, and 8% were undefined for family in the SpolDB4 database. Major families of the strains were LAM (38%), T (35%), Haarlem (7%), Beijing (2%), S (2%) and U (1%) families. The clustering rate by spoligotyping was calculated as 75%. The most predominant SIT cluster was SIT41 (29%). According to the results of IS6110 RFLP, 71 different patterns of IS6110 were observed. Low copy number was found in 26% of the strains. When the results of two methods were combined, the final clustering rate was calculated as 26%. Conclusions: The genotypical distribution of drug resistant tuberculosis isolates in our region indicates genetic diversity and the clustering rate was found low in our region. However, more comprehensive and long-term molecular epidemiological studies are needed to control the drug resistant strains. © Trakya University Faculty of Medicine.Item Determining the genetic relationships between cultivated type olives using ISSR and morphological markers(Triveni Enterprises, 2017) Yegenoglu E.D.; Sesli M.; Gevrekci Y.Aim: The study aimed to compare morphological characters and Inter-simple sequence repeat data based trees, and examine the genetic relations in ten olive varieties among cultivated type olives grown commonly in different regions of Turkey. Methodology: Ten olive varieties were evaluated with some morphologic markers and ISSR marker. All analyses were conducted with Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSYS). The cluster analysis was performed with unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering algorithm. Results: The results showed that there was a moderate correlation between pairwise distances estimated from ISSR data and distances from morphological characters (0.511). The Euclidean Distance matrix represented that the lowest value was between Tavsan Yuregi and Cilli (1.62), while the highest value was between Manzanilla and Cekiste (7.91). According to Jaccard coefficient, the samples closest to each other were (Memecik and Gemlik); and the samples farthest to each other were (Halhali and Manzanilla). I n t e r p r e t a t i o n: Determining the genetic relations in agriculturally economic plants is valuable in terms of protecting the gene sources, determining t h e h o m o n y m s a n d synonyms, and developing b r e e d i n g p r o g r a m s. M o r p h o l o g i c a l a n d molecular markers may be used in the identification of genetic variability. Mutually complementary information can be obtained by using m o r p h o l o g i c a l a n d molecular markers together. © Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India).Item Prevalence of toxoplasmosis and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated in wild birds of prey and their relation with previously isolated strains from Turkey(Public Library of Science, 2018) Karakavuk M.; Aldemir D.; Mercier A.; Şahar E.A.; Can H.; Murat J.-B.; Döndüren Ö.; Can Ş.; Özdemir H.G.; Döşkaya A.D.; Pektaş B.; Dardé M.-L.; Gürüz A.Y.; Döşkaya M.Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoon parasite that causes congenital toxoplasmosis, as well as other serious clinical presentations, in immune compromised humans. Analyses of the prevalence and genotyping of strains from the definitive host and intermediate hosts will help to understanding the circulation of the different strains and elucidating the role of the genotype (s) in human toxoplasmosis. Turkey has a specific geographic location bridging Africa, Europe, and Asia. We hypothesized that T. gondii strains may have been transferred to Turkey from these continents via migratory birds or vice versa. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in wild birds of prey of İzmir and Manisa provinces as well as genetically characterize T. gondii strains from these wild birds to show the relation between bird strains and neighboring stray cats as well as human strains previously isolated in Turkey. Tissues obtained from 48 wild birds were investigated for the presence of T. gondii DNA and then bioassayed in mouse. Isolated strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers. The prevalence of T. gondii DNA was found to be 89.6% (n: 43/48) in wild birds. Out of 43 positive samples, a total of 14 strains were genotyped by 15 microsatellite markers. Among them, eight were type II, three were type III and three were mixture of genotypes (two type II/II and one was II/III). These are the first data that showed the presence of T. gondii and types II and III genotypes in wild birds of Turkey. Moreover, Africa 1 was not detected. In addition, cluster analysis showed that T. gondii strains within type II and III lineage have close relation with strains previously isolated from stray cats in İzmir. Further studies are required to isolate more strains from human cases, other intermediate hosts, and water sources to reveal this relation. © 2018 Karakavuk et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Item Biomedical Text Categorization Based on Ensemble Pruning and Optimized Topic Modelling(Hindawi Limited, 2018) Onan A.Text mining is an important research direction, which involves several fields, such as information retrieval, information extraction, and text categorization. In this paper, we propose an efficient multiple classifier approach to text categorization based on swarm-optimized topic modelling. The Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) can overcome the high dimensionality problem of vector space model, but identifying appropriate parameter values is critical to performance of LDA. Swarm-optimized approach estimates the parameters of LDA, including the number of topics and all the other parameters involved in LDA. The hybrid ensemble pruning approach based on combined diversity measures and clustering aims to obtain a multiple classifier system with high predictive performance and better diversity. In this scheme, four different diversity measures (namely, disagreement measure, Q-statistics, the correlation coefficient, and the double fault measure) among classifiers of the ensemble are combined. Based on the combined diversity matrix, a swarm intelligence based clustering algorithm is employed to partition the classifiers into a number of disjoint groups and one classifier (with the highest predictive performance) from each cluster is selected to build the final multiple classifier system. The experimental results based on five biomedical text benchmarks have been conducted. In the swarm-optimized LDA, different metaheuristic algorithms (such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, firefly algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm, and bat algorithm) are considered. In the ensemble pruning, five metaheuristic clustering algorithms are evaluated. The experimental results on biomedical text benchmarks indicate that swarm-optimized LDA yields better predictive performance compared to the conventional LDA. In addition, the proposed multiple classifier system outperforms the conventional classification algorithms, ensemble learning, and ensemble pruning methods. © 2018 Aytuǧ Onan.Item Detection of permethrin resistance and phylogenetic clustering of turkish head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis; De Geer, 1767 populations(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Karakuş M.; Atıcı T.; Karabela Ş.N.; Baylan O.; Limoncu M.E.; Balcıoğlu İ.C.Head lice infestation caused by Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, 1767 is one of the most common public health problems. The relationship between humans and head lice dates back millions of years ago that differentiated into different phylogenetic clades. Treatment of head lice infestation usually based on insecticide-based products, which promotes the resistance in the head lice populations. In the present study, we aimed to screen the presence of permethrin resistance among collected P. h. capitis specimens in Turkey. Three mutation sites (T917I, L920F, and M815I) were screened using real-time PCR and resistance was identified by melt analysis. Of the studied specimens, resistance allele frequency (RAF) was found 0.98 for T917I, 0.99 for L920F, and 1.00 for M815I. The phylogenetic study revealed that Clade A and Clade B are present and overlap in Turkey. The present study is first to screen the resistance among Turkish head lice specimens. To not stimulate the pyrethroids resistance in head lice populations, early detection of resistance is crucial and will help the health professionals to choose suitable formula in the treatment. We suggest that the resistance status needs to be screened in randomly selected populations before any treatment application is given. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.Item Development and validation of combined symptom-medication scores for allergic rhinitis*(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Sousa-Pinto B.; Azevedo L.F.; Jutel M.; Agache I.; Canonica G.W.; Czarlewski W.; Papadopoulos N.G.; Bergmann K.-C.; Devillier P.; Laune D.; Klimek L.; Anto A.; Anto J.M.; Eklund P.; Almeida R.; Bedbrook A.; Bosnic-Anticevich S.; Brough H.A.; Brussino L.; Cardona V.; Casale T.; Cecchi L.; Charpin D.; Chivato T.; Costa E.M.; Cruz A.A.; Dramburg S.; Durham S.R.; De Feo G.; Gerth van Wijk R.; Fokkens W.J.; Gemicioglu B.; Haahtela T.; Illario M.; Ivancevich J.C.; Kvedariene V.; Kuna P.; Larenas-Linnemann D.E.; Makris M.; Mathieu-Dupas E.; Melén E.; Morais-Almeida M.; Mösges R.; Mullol J.; Nadeau K.C.; Pham-Thi N.; O’Hehir R.; Regateiro F.S.; Reitsma S.; Samolinski B.; Sheikh A.; Stellato C.; Todo-Bom A.; Tomazic P.V.; Toppila-Salmi S.; Valero A.; Valiulis A.; Ventura M.T.; Wallace D.; Waserman S.; Yorgancioglu A.; De Vries G.; van Eerd M.; Zieglmayer P.; Zuberbier T.; Pfaar O.; Almeida Fonseca J.; Bousquet J.Background: Validated combined symptom-medication scores (CSMSs) are needed to investigate the effects of allergic rhinitis treatments. This study aimed to use real-life data from the MASK-air® app to generate and validate hypothesis- and data-driven CSMSs. Methods: We used MASK-air® data to assess the concurrent validity, test-retest reliability and responsiveness of one hypothesis-driven CSMS (modified CSMS: mCSMS), one mixed hypothesis- and data-driven score (mixed score), and several data-driven CSMSs. The latter were generated with MASK-air® data following cluster analysis and regression models or factor analysis. These CSMSs were compared with scales measuring (i) the impact of rhinitis on work productivity (visual analogue scale [VAS] of work of MASK-air®, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Allergy Specific [WPAI-AS]), (ii) quality-of-life (EQ-5D VAS) and (iii) control of allergic diseases (Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test [CARAT]). Results: We assessed 317,176 days of MASK-air® use from 17,780 users aged 16-90 years, in 25 countries. The mCSMS and the factor analyses-based CSMSs displayed poorer validity and responsiveness compared to the remaining CSMSs. The latter displayed moderate-to-strong correlations with the tested comparators, high test-retest reliability and moderate-to-large responsiveness. Among data-driven CSMSs, a better performance was observed for cluster analyses-based CSMSs. High accuracy (capacity of discriminating different levels of rhinitis control) was observed for the latter (AUC-ROC = 0.904) and for the mixed CSMS (AUC-ROC = 0.820). Conclusion: The mixed CSMS and the cluster-based CSMSs presented medium-high validity, reliability and accuracy, rendering them as candidates for primary endpoints in future rhinitis trials. © 2022 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Item Identification by cluster analysis of patients with asthma and nasal symptoms using the MASK-air® mHealth app(Elsevier Espana S.L.U, 2023) Bousquet J.; Sousa-Pinto B.; Anto J.M.; Amaral R.; Brussino L.; Canonica G.W.; Cruz A.A.; Gemicioglu B.; Haahtela T.; Kupczyk M.; Kvedariene V.; Larenas-Linnemann D.E.; Louis R.; Pham-Thi N.; Puggioni F.; Regateiro F.S.; Romantowski J.; Sastre J.; Scichilone N.; Taborda-Barata L.; Ventura M.T.; Agache I.; Bedbrook A.; Bergmann K.C.; Bosnic-Anticevich S.; Bonini M.; Boulet L.-P.; Brusselle G.; Buhl R.; Cecchi L.; Charpin D.; Chaves-Loureiro C.; Czarlewski W.; de Blay F.; Devillier P.; Joos G.; Jutel M.; Klimek L.; Kuna P.; Laune D.; Pech J.L.; Makela M.; Morais-Almeida M.; Nadif R.; Niedoszytko M.; Ohta K.; Papadopoulos N.G.; Papi A.; Yeverino D.R.; Roche N.; Sá-Sousa A.; Samolinski B.; Shamji M.H.; Sheikh A.; Suppli Ulrik C.; Usmani O.S.; Valiulis A.; Vandenplas O.; Yorgancioglu A.; Zuberbier T.; Fonseca J.A.Background: The self-reporting of asthma frequently leads to patient misidentification in epidemiological studies. Strategies combining the triangulation of data sources may help to improve the identification of people with asthma. We aimed to combine information from the self-reporting of asthma, medication use and symptoms to identify asthma patterns in the users of an mHealth app. Methods: We studied MASK-air® users who reported their daily asthma symptoms (assessed by a 0-100 visual analogue scale – “VAS Asthma”) at least three times (either in three different months or in any period). K-means cluster analysis methods were applied to identify asthma patterns based on: (i) whether the user self-reported asthma; (ii) whether the user reported asthma medication use and (iii) VAS asthma. Clusters were compared by the number of medications used, VAS asthma levels and Control of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Test (CARAT) levels. Findings: We assessed a total of 8,075 MASK-air® users. The main clustering approach resulted in the identification of seven groups. These groups were interpreted as probable: (i) severe/uncontrolled asthma despite treatment (11.9-16.1% of MASK-air® users); (ii) treated and partly-controlled asthma (6.3-9.7%); (iii) treated and controlled asthma (4.6-5.5%); (iv) untreated uncontrolled asthma (18.2-20.5%); (v) untreated partly-controlled asthma (10.1-10.7%); (vi) untreated controlled asthma (6.7-8.5%) and (vii) no evidence of asthma (33.0-40.2%). This classification was validated in a study of 192 patients enrolled by physicians. Interpretation: We identified seven profiles based on the probability of having asthma and on its level of control. mHealth tools are hypothesis-generating and complement classical epidemiological approaches in identifying patients with asthma. © 2022 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia