Browsing by Subject "cyclosporin A"

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    Topical calcineurin inhibitors, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus
    (2007) Ermertcan A.T.; Öztürkcan S.
    Pinecrolimus and tacrolimus represent the first members of a new class of medications, calcineurin inhibitors. These topical macrolide immunomodulators have been successfully introduced in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. They inhibit T cell proliferation, mast cell degranulation, production and release of IL-2, IL-4, IF-γ and TNF-αa. They do not effect endothelial cells and fibroblasts, so they do not induce skin atrophy. In several studies, it has been shown that topical pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are effective, well tolerated and safe in both adults and children with atopic dermatitis. Picmecrolimus permeates less through the skin than tacrolimus and much lessthan corticosteroids. It has a lower potential for transcutaneous absorption resulting in a lower risk of systemic effects. In addition, they have been used in other inflammatory skin diseases including psoriasis, lichen planus, seborrheic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, vitiligo, pyoderma gangrenosum, alopecia areata, graft versus host disease, akne rosacea, etc. In this review article mechanism of action, efficacy, safety of pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, and future directions of these immunomodulators were discussed. © 2007 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
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    Effects of neuronal and glial restricted precursor cells transplantation on erectile function after experimentally induced spinal cord injury
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2009) Temeltas G.; Dagci T.; Evren V.; Lekili M.
    Introduction.: Erectile dysfunction is common among patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Aim.: This study aims to investigate the recovery of penile erectile functions of the rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) following transplantation of endogenous neuronal precursors cell (neuronal restricted precursors [NRP]/glial restricted precursors [GRP]) into the injured area of spinal cord. Methods.: Twenty-two rats were experimented in three groups. Group 1 (N = 6): Sham; Group 2 (N = 10): SCI + NRP/GRP transplanted in day 9 after operation; Group 3 (N = 6): SCI + culture medium transplanted in day 9 after operation.Analysis of penile reflexes and cavernosal nerve stimulation studies were performed in day 28 after transplantation for each group. All rats in three groups were then sacrificed and the injured regions of spinal cords underwent histological investigation. Main Outcome Measures.: These results show improvements to some extent in locomotor and erectile functions although these improvements are far from full functional recovery. Results.: Cavernosal nerve stimulation resulted in significantly higher intracavernosal pressure in Group 3 (SCI) although there was no difference between Group 1 (sham) and Group 2 (SCI + NRP/GRP). Number of clusters was similar between groups. Number of erections was higher in Group 3 (SCI) than Groups 1 and 2, and number of cups was higher in Group 2 (SCI + NRP/GRP) than the other two groups. Number of flips was similar in Groups 1 and 2 but lower in Group 3. Number of long flips was highest in Group 1 and lowest in Group 3. The differences between groups were significant. Conclusion.: This study emphasized the healing potential of NRP/GRP transplantation following experimental SCI. However, further experimental and clinical studies are required to advance this treatment modality. © 2009 International Society for Sexual Medicine.
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    Treatment of mucocutaneous manifestations of behcet's disease; [Behçet hastaliǧi mukokutanöz bulgularinda tedavi̇]
    (2011) Inanr I.; Saçar H.
    Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic recurrent vasculitis with an unclear etiology. In addition to typical oral, genital and ocular lesions, it involves many organs and systems mainly vascular articular, vascular and neurological ones. Mucocutaneous manifestations are the most frequent and have an important role in diagnosis. In this article, treatment alternatives for mucocutaneous involvement of BD are reviewed.
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    Technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime lung scintigraphy findings in patients with Behcs disease
    (2011) Gumuser G.; Pirildar T.; Tarhan S.; Batok D.; Ruksen E.; Sakar A.; Sayit E.
    AIM: Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem disorder that is characterized by vasculitis, and consists of a triad of recurrent ulcers of the oral and genital mucosa with relapsing uveitis. The prevalence of pulmonary involvement varies in the range of 1-10% in various studies, and its complications are severe and life threatening. To objectively assess the degree of pulmonary vascular endothelial damage in BD, the lung uptake, and the clearance rate of technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (Tc-99m-HMPAO) were determined. METHODS: Twenty-three nonsmoking patients with BD (10 female, 13 male) and 11 (six female, five male) healthy nonsmoking controls underwent Tc-99m-HMPAO lung scanning, pulmonary function tests (PFT), chest radiograph examination, contrast-enhanced spiral chest computed tomography scanning, and high-resolution computed tomography examinations. Immediately after the bolus injection of 740 MBq of Tc-99m-HMPAO posterior sequential images were obtained at 1-s intervals for 150 s and subsequent images were obtained at one frame per minute (min) over a 10-min period, using a double-headed gamma camera equipped with a low-energy all-purpose parallel hole collimator. Dynamic images were used to calculate the Tc-99m-HMPAO lung clearance rate (T1/2). Simultaneously, a static anterior image, including a large part of the liver, was obtained of 5-min duration at 10 min after the injection. Regular regions of interests were drawn over the midportion of the right lung and the highest activity area of the liver parenchyma was selected and lung/liver (L/Li) uptake ratios were calculated to represent the degree of pulmonary vascular endothelial damage. RESULTS: Chest radiograph, high-resolution computed tomography, and computed tomography findings in patients with BD were nonspecific for BD. There was also a statistically significant difference between patients with BD (30.26±10.55 s) and normal controls (19.53±6.24 s) on their T1/2 values (P=0.0004). The results show that the L/Li ratios on the Tc-99m-HMPAO lung scan were significantly higher in patients with BD (0.60±0.19) than those in normal controls (0.39±0.07) (P=0.0021). Using a cutoff value of 0.50, 15 of 23 (65%) patients with BD had increased L/Li ratios. No correlation was found between the mean T1/2 values of Tc-99m-HMPAO clearance and the PFT in patients with BD. The L/Li ratios were not correlated with PFT in patients with BD. CONCLUSION: The degree of pulmonary vascular endothelial damage was represented as increased L/Li ratios and decreased lung clearance rate measured on the Tc-99m-HMPAO lung scan in patients with BD. Our results indicated that determining the T1/2 values and the L/Li ratios on Tc-99m-HMPAO lung imaging should be an objective method to assess subclinical pulmonary damage even in the early stages of BD in the patients. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.
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    Comparison of the effects of topical cyclosporine a 0.05%, cyclosporine a 2%, epinastine hydrochloride 0.05%, and prednisolone acetate 1% on allergic inflammation in an experimental allergic conjunctivitis model
    (2013) Semsettin B.; Sinan E.; Nigar V.
    Purpose: To investigate the effects of topical cyclosporine A 0.05%, cyclosporine A 2%, epinastine hydrochloride 0.05%, and prednisolone acetate 1% in an experimental allergic conjunctivitis model. Methods: Forty Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. All the rats were immunized by an intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg of ovalbumin. After 2 weeks, topical treatment was administered: cyclosporine A 0.05% 4 times a day to group 1, cyclosporine A 2% 4 times a day to group 2, epinastine HCl 0.05% 2 times a day to group 3, and prednisolone acetate 1% 4 times a day to group 4 for the following 7 days. Group 5 was designated as the control group. Both eyes of the rats were enucleated on the 22nd day of the study. The excised sections were stained by toluidine blue for mast cell count and by hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological evaluation. Results: The 2 solutions of cyclosporine A and epinastine were more effective than prednisolone acetate (P < 0.05) when compared with the control in histopathological scoring. There were statistically significant differences between the treatment groups and the control group (P < 0.05); however, no differences were observed between the treatment groups in the mast cell number. Conclusions: Topical 0.05% cyclosporine A is as effective as 2% cyclosporine A and epinastine in suppressing mast cell-mediated type I allergic conjunctivitis in an experimental allergic conjunctivitis model. © 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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    Genetic screening in adolescents with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2013) Lipska B.S.; Iatropoulos P.; Maranta R.; Caridi G.; Ozaltin F.; Anarat A.; Balat A.; Gellermann J.; Trautmann A.; Erdogan O.; Saeed B.; Emre S.; Bogdanovic R.; Azocar M.; Balasz-Chmielewska I.; Benetti E.; Caliskan S.; Mir S.; Melk A.; Ertan P.; Baskin E.; Jardim H.; Davitaia T.; Wasilewska A.; Drozdz D.; Szczepanska M.; Jankauskiene A.; Higuita L.M.S.; Ardissino G.; Ozkaya O.; Kuzma-Mroczkowska E.; Soylemezoglu O.; Ranchin B.; Medynska A.; Tkaczyk M.; Peco-Antic A.; Akil I.; Jarmolinski T.; Firszt-Adamczyk A.; Dusek J.; Simonetti G.D.; Gok F.; Gheissari A.; Emma F.; Krmar R.T.; Fischbach M.; Printza N.; Simkova E.; Mele C.; Marco Ghiggeri G.; Schaefer F.
    Genetic screening paradigms for congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome are well established; however, screening in adolescents has received only minor attention. To help rectify this, we analyzed an unselected adolescent cohort of the international PodoNet registry to develop a rational screening approach based on 227 patients with nonsyndromic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome aged 10-20 years. Of these, 21% had a positive family history. Autosomal dominant cases were screened for WT1, TRPC6, ACTN4, and INF2 mutations. All other patients had the NPHS2 gene screened, and WT1 was tested in sporadic cases. In addition, 40 sporadic cases had the entire coding region of INF2 tested. Of the autosomal recessive and the sporadic cases, 13 and 6%, respectively, were found to have podocin-associated nephrotic syndrome, and 56% of them were compound heterozygous for the nonneutral p.R229Q polymorphism. Four percent of the sporadic and 10% of the autosomal dominant cases had a mutation in WT1. Pathogenic INF2 mutations were found in 20% of the dominant but none of the sporadic cases. In a large cohort of adolescents including both familial and sporadic disease, NPHS2 mutations explained about 7% and WT1 4% of cases, whereas INF2 proved relevant only in autosomal dominant familial disease. Thus, screening of the entire coding sequence of NPHS2 and exons 8-9 of WT1 appears to be the most rational and cost-effective screening approach in sporadic juvenile steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. © 2013 International Society of Nephrology.