Browsing by Subject "influenza vaccine"

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    Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status of hospitalized adults with community acquired pneumonia and the effects of vaccination on clinical presentation
    (Taylor and Francis Inc., 2017) Demirdogen Cetinoglu E.; Uzaslan E.; Sayıner A.; Cilli A.; Kılınc O.; Sakar Coskun A.; Hazar A.; Kokturk N.; Filiz A.; Polatli M.; Tasbakan S.; Karaboğa B.; Kilic Ö.; Havlucu Y.; Tokgöz F.; Nazik S.
    Background: Previous reports have shown that vaccination rates of adult at-risk populations are low in Turkey. There are differing reports with regards to the effectiveness of the influenza and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) on the clinical outcomes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). The purpose of this study was to analyze the influenza (FV) and pneumococcal vaccination (PV) status, the factors that influence the receipt of influenza/pneumococcal vaccine and the effects of prior vaccination on the clinical outcomes in adults hospitalized with CAP. Patients and Methods: Patients hospitalized with CAP between March 2009 and October 2013 and registered at the web-based Turkish Thoracic Society Pneumonia Database (TURCAP) were included in this multicentric, observational study. Of a total of 787 cases, data were analyzed for 466 patients for whom self-reported information on PV and FV was available. Results: In this adult population with CAP, the vaccination rate with both the pneumococcal and influenza vaccines was found to be 6%. Prior FV was found to be the sole variable that was associated with the receipt of PV [OR 17.8, 95% CI (25–75:8.56–37.01), p < 0.001]. Conversely, being vaccinated with PPSV23 was the only predictor of receipt of FV [OR 18.1, 95% CI (25–75:8.75–37.83), p < 0.001]. Compared to the unvaccinated cases, the chest radiograms of the vaccinated patients revealed less consolidation. The latter also reported fatigue, muscle pain and gastrointestinal symptoms less frequently. Although there was a trend for lower 30-day mortality and for lower rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, these did not reach statistical significance. A pneumonia severity index (PSI) score ≥ 90, CURB-65 score ≥3 and multilobar involvement, but not the vaccination status, were identified as independent determinants of ICU admission. Conclusions: This study showed that, among patients hospitalized with CAP, the FV and/or PV rates are low. Prior vaccination does not appear to significantly affect the clinical outcomes. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.
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    Evaluation of attitudes and knowledge of influenza diagnosis, treatment and vaccination among pediatric residents; [Pediatri asistanlarının çocuklarda influenza tanı, tedavi ve bağışıklaması hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri, algı, tutum ve davranışları]
    (AVES, 2021) Garipçin P.; Keleş Y.E.; Karadağ-öncel E.; Kıymet E.; Böncüoğlu E.; Özlü C.O.; Asrak H.K.; Özenen G.G.; Ümit Z.; Kara S.S.; Şen S.; Kara-Aksay A.; Bal Z.Ş.; Devrim İ.; Belet N.; Çiftdoğan D.Y.
    Objective: Influenza virus is common in children, especially in winter, causing hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, or even death. There are few studies on the attitudes or knowledge of influenza diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination among pediatricians. This study was planned to determine pediatric residents’ attitudes and behaviors about recognizing the influenza virus, making treatment decisions, pro-phylaxis, and immunization. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was per-formed from 31 July-1 December 2019 among pediatric residents work-ing in six different hospitals in the Aegean Region by an online survey. Twenty-seven questions were asked regarding articipant’s demographic characteristics, recognition of the influenza symptoms, treatment, pro-phylaxis, and immunization. Results: Two hundred and four (58.5%) of 349 pediatric residents were included in the study, who answered the questionnaire. Among the par-ticipants, 72.5% were females, and their mean age was 27.9 ± 2.1 years, and 59.3% worked as a pediatric residents for less than two years. When the symptoms of influenza were evaluated, the most known symptoms were fever (94.1%), myalgia (81.9%), tiredness (77.0%), headache (70.1%), and cough (68.6%). When oseltamivir treatment indications were ques-tioned, most pediatric residents (82.2%) answered the questions. It was observed that 21.1% of the pediatric residents had the flu vaccine in the current season. According to the state of having chronic diseases, the rate of vaccination in participants was not statistically significant (p= 0.136). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that pediatric residents’ knowledge about influenza awareness, treatment, and immunization was insufficient. It may be beneficial to train pediatric residents about the influenza virus and vaccine before each influenza season. © Telif Hakkı 2021.
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    mRNA as a Therapeutics: Understanding mRNA Vaccines
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2022) Oǧuz F.; Atmaca H.
    Vaccination is one of the important approaches in the prevention and control of diseases. Although the capacity to present antigens other than the disease-specific antigen in the traditional vaccine composition provides a potential benefit by increasing its protective efficacy, many components that are not needed for the related disease are also transferred. These components can reduce vaccine activity by lowering immunity against protective antigens. The reasons such as the low effectiveness of traditional vaccines and the high cost of production and time-consuming reasons show that it is necessary to develop a new vaccine method for our world, which is struggling with epidemics almost every year. Among nucleic acids, mRNA has many advantages, such as genomic integration, induction of anti-DNA autoantibodies, and immune tolerance induced by long-term antigen expression. mRNA vaccines have become a therapeutic target for reasons such as efficacy, safety, fast and non-expensive production. The fact that mRNA triggers both humoral and cellular immunity and goes only to the cytoplasm, not to the nucleus, makes it highly efficient. The mRNA must cross the lipid bilayer barrier and entry to the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein. There are two main ways of mRNA vaccine delivery for this: ex vivo loading of mRNA into dendritic cells (DCs) and direct injection of mRNA with or without a carrier. Studies continue to understand which delivery system is therapeutically more efficient. Preclinical and clinical trials showed that mRNA vaccines trigger a long-lasting and safe immune response. © 2022 The Author (s).