Browsing by Subject "intestine contraction"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effects of amnio-allantoic fluid exchange on bowel contractility in chick embryos with gastroschisis
    (W.B. Saunders, 2002) Şencan A.; Gümüştekin M.; Gelal A.; Arslan O.; Özer E.; Mir E.
    Background/Purpose: Intestinal damage in patients with gastroschisis is characterized by bowel wall thickening, intestinal dilatation, mesenteric shortening, and a fibrous peel. The prevention of intestinal damage in gastroschisis by amnio-allantoic fluid (AAF) exchange has been reported using histologic and macroscopic evaluation of intestines, but the effects of this treatment on bowel contractility have not been investigated. The current study was performed to determine the effect of AAF exchange on the intestinal contractility in chick embryos with gastroschisis. Methods: Thirteen-day-old fertilized chick eggs were used. Gastroschisis was created through amnio-allantoic cavity. There were 3 study groups: control group, gastroschisis-only group, and gastroschisis-plus-exchange group. The bowels were evaluated by an in vitro muscle strip technique, and the response was expressed as a percentage of the maximum acetylcholine evoked contraction (Emax) in each tissue obtained. Additionally, parasympathetic ganglion cells per 10 plexus at the intestinal wall were counted. Differences between groups were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer. Probabilities of less than 5% were considered significant. Results: The intestines were thickened and covered by fibrous peel in the gastroschisis-only group when compared with the control group and the gastroschisis exchange group morphologically. There was a statistically significant decrease in contractility in the gastroschisis-only group compared with the control group (P < .05). It exerted 42.03 ± 46.73% contraction of control group's Emax. This decrease in contractility was significantly reversed in the exchange group (P < .05; Emax value of gastroschisis plus exchange group was 71.45 ± 23.54% of control group's Emax). Although the number of ganglia per 10 plexus was 76.7 ± 4.3 in the control group, it was measured 28% less in the gastroschisis-only group (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the ganglion numbers of control and exchange groups. Conclusions: Prenatal AAF exchange treatment prevents decreased bowel contractility in gastroschisis. Gastroschisis does not affect intestinal ganglia morphology, but the number of ganglion cells decreases. AAF exchange prevents these functional and morphologic adverse effects of disease. By these findings the expectancy of a better clinical result in gastroschisis with intrauterine pretreatment by amniotic fluid exchange increases. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Acute and Chronic Pretreatment With Atenolol Attenuates Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Rats
    (W.B. Saunders, 2016) Öztürk T.; Vural K.; Tuğlu İ.; Var A.; Kurdal T.; Aydemir I.
    Objective To evaluate the protective effects of preinjury atenolol (acute v chronic) on apoptosis, contractility, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in hypercholesterolemic rats undergoing intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Design Prospective, experimental animal study. Setting University laboratory. Participants Male Wistar rats (n = 32). Interventions Rats were divided into the following 4 groups: 1 group was fed a normal diet (ND) (group ND+NoAT [no atenolol]), and the other 3 groups were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD)—group HCD+NoAT, group HCD+ChAT (chronic atenolol, 3 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks), and group HCD+AcAT (acute atenolol, 1.5 mg/kg, given 5 minutes before intestinal clamping). All rats underwent I/R injury. The superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 60 minutes, then opened for 120 minutes (reperfusion). Apoptotic cells and stimulated contractions of ileal segments were examined. Tissue markers of intestinal I/R injury were examined. Intestinal malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and nitrate/nitrite levels were measured. Measurements and Main Results The chronic atenolol group had fewer apoptotic cells and higher superoxide dismutase activity compared with the other groups. Intestinal contraction was higher in both atenolol pretreatment groups compared with the NoAT groups. Chronic and acute atenolol resulted in lower ileal levels of malondialdehyde and immunolabeling-positive cells (intestinal inducible nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1, and interleukin-8) after I/R injury compared with the no atenolol groups. Conclusions Both chronic and acute pre-I/R injury treatment with atenolol attenuated I/R injury in this hypercholesterolemic rat model. These findings should encourage future studies of atenolol in hypercholesterolemic patients undergoing procedures with a high risk of intestinal ischemia. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.