MCBÜ Açıkerişim Sistemi :: Browsing by Subject "learning"

Browsing by Subject "learning"

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Residual symptoms in bipolar disorder: The effect of the last episode after remission
(2007) Kaya E.; Aydemir Ö.; Selcuki D.
In this study it is aimed to assess interepisode residual symptoms in remitted bipolar disorder patients with a hypothesis that the last episode recovered has implications on residual symptomatology. The study was carried out with 23 bipolar patients diagnosed as mania (BP-M) and 20 bipolar patients diagnosed as depression (BP-D) in their last episode, and with 22 healthy controls in a university hospital clinic. All patients were in remission for at least 6 months. In the assessment Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Stroop Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), increased latency positive-evoked potentials (P300), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and Social Functioning Scale (SFS) were used cross-sectionally. In affective symptomatology, the BP-M group had higher YMRS scores, and the BP-D group had higher HAM-D scores compared to the controls. P300 test results revealed low amplitude in the BP-D group. In the AVLT, verbal learning and delayed recall were significantly lower in the two bipolar groups. The Stroop tasks were not different in the groups. Concerning the SFS, social withdrawal was impaired in the two bipolar groups, whereas dependency-competency was impaired in the BP-M and employment/occupation was impaired in the BP-D group. As a conclusion, bipolar patients recovering from depressive episode may experience more impairment in daily functioning due to residual depressive symptoms and impairment of attention and memory. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The effects of residual affective symptoms on cognitive and social functioning in remitted bipolar patients; [Remisyondaki iki uçlu hastalarda kalinti duygudurum belirtilerinin bilişsel ve toplumsal işlevsellik üzerine etkisi]
(2009) Kaya E.; Aydemir O.; Selçuki D.
Objective: In bipolar disorder, both cognitive and social functioning is impaired during remission. It is not well documented whether residual affective symptoms cause impairment in cognitive and social functions or cognitive impairment per se is the source of psychosocial dysfunction during remission. In this work, the effects of subsyndromal residual affective symptoms on cognitive and social functioning in remitted bipolar patients are studied. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out with 43 patients diagnosed as bipolar I disorder with a remission for at least 6 months. The mean age of the patients was 38.1±13.5 and 55.8% (n=24) were male. The mean duration of illness was 12.1±10.2 years and the mean number of previous episodes was 6.6±6.0. As healthy controls, 22 volunteers without any lifetime psychiatric and medical diagnosis or treatment were invited to the study. In the assessment Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Stroop Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), increased latency positive-evoked potentials (P300), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and Social Functioning Scale (SFS) were used. In statistical analyses, linear regression analysis was performed. Results: HAM-D scores significantly affected cognitive functions such as P300 amplitude, immediate recall, verbal learning, delayed recall, recognition, retrieval, Stroop effect, and social functions such as social engagement, interpersonal behavior, prosocial activities, recreation, independence-performance and competency and employment. YMRS scores affected only verbal learning. Cognitive functions do not have any effect on mood symptoms or social functions. Discussion and Conclusion: Subsyndromal residual depressive symptoms seem to affect functioning in remitted bipolar patients. In order to improve the functioning of the bipolar patients, it will be helpful to implement strategies for these depressive symptoms.
The International Society for Bipolar Disorders-Battery for Assessment of Neurocognition (ISBD-BANC)
(2010) Yatham L.N.; Torres I.J.; Malhi G.S.; Frangou S.; Glahn D.C.; Bearden C.E.; Burdick K.E.; Martínez-Arán A.; Dittmann S.; Goldberg J.F.; Ozerdem A.; Aydemir O.; Chengappa K.N.R.
Objectives: Although cognitive impairment is recognized as an important clinical feature of bipolar disorder, there is no standard cognitive battery that has been developed for use in bipolar disorder research. The aims of this paper were to identify the cognitive measures from the literature that show the greatest magnitude of impairment in bipolar disorder, to use this information to determine whether the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), developed for use in schizophrenia, might be suitable for bipolar disorder research, and to propose a preliminary battery of cognitive tests for use in bipolar disorder research. Methods: The project was conducted under the auspices of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders and involved a committee that comprised researchers with international expertise in the cognitive aspects of bipolar disorder. In order to identify cognitive tasks that show the largest magnitude of impairment in bipolar disorder, we reviewed the literature on studies assessing cognitive functioning (including social cognition) in bipolar disorder. We further provided a brief review of the cognitive overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and evaluated the degree to which tasks included in the MCCB (or other identified tasks) might be suitable for use in bipolar disorder. Results: Based on evidence that cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder are similar in pattern but less severe than in schizophrenia, it was judged that most subtests comprising the MCCB appear appropriate for use in bipolar disorder. In addition to MCCB tests, other specific measures of more complex verbal learning (e.g., the California Verbal Learning Test) or executive function (Stroop Test, Trail Making Test-part B, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) also show substantial impairment in bipolar disorder. Conclusions: Our analysis reveals that the MCCB represents a good starting point for assessing cognitive deficits in research studies of bipolar disorder, but that other tasks including more complex verbal learning measures and tests of executive function should also be considered in assessing cognitive compromise in bipolar disorder. Several promising cognitive tasks that require further study in bipolar disorder are also presented. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Intrinsic motivation and metacognition as predictors of learning potential in patients with remitted schizophrenia
(Elsevier Ltd, 2012) Tas C.; Brown E.C.; Esen-Danaci A.; Lysaker P.H.; Brüne M.
Background: Previous research has suggested that neurocognitive functioning predicts best the potential of patients with schizophrenia to acquire newly learned material, which, in turn may impact patients' social functioning. Recent studies have also shown that intrinsic motivation and metacognitive abilities play a decisive role in social functioning in schizophrenia. Accordingly, the present study sought to examine the relationship between intelligence, motivation, metacognition, and learning during a cognitive remediation experimental training. We hypothesized that metacognition and intrinsic motivation would have a strong relationship and independently predict learning potential. Method: Thirty-two patients with schizophrenia who fulfilled the criteria of functional remission were recruited. In a pre-training-post experimental design, patients' learning potential was assessed using previously defined cognitive remediation training for WCST. Intrinsic motivation was examined using Intrinsic Motivation Inventory for schizophrenia; mastery, a domain of metacognition, was measured using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale. Results: Metacognition significantly correlated with subdomains of intrinsic motivation. Patients with higher intrinsic motivation and preserved metacognition improved more in the learning paradigm compared to poorly motivated patients and patients with reduced metacognitive abilities. In particular, " mastery" was determined as an independent predictor of learning potential. Conclusions: Motivation and metacognition are important predictors of learning in schizophrenia. Psychological interventions in schizophrenia may therefore consider incorporating techniques to stimulate metacognitive and motivational abilities as well as developing individualized training programs. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Neuropsychological testing of cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder: An individual patient data meta-analysis
(2013) Bourne C.; Aydemir O.; Balanzá-Martínez V.; Bora E.; Brissos S.; Cavanagh J.T.O.; Clark L.; Cubukcuoglu Z.; Dias V.V.; Dittmann S.; Ferrier I.N.; Fleck D.E.; Frangou S.; Gallagher P.; Jones L.; Kieseppä T.; Martínez-Aran A.; Melle I.; Moore P.B.; Mur M.; Pfennig A.; Raust A.; Senturk V.; Simonsen C.; Smith D.J.; Bio D.S.; Soeiro-de-Souza M.G.; Stoddart S.D.R.; Sundet K.; Szöke A.; Thompson J.M.; Torrent C.; Zalla T.; Craddock N.; Andreassen O.A.; Leboyer M.; Vieta E.; Bauer M.; Worhunsky P.D.; Tzagarakis C.; Rogers R.D.; Geddes J.R.; Goodwin G.M.
Objective: An association between bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment has repeatedly been described, even for euthymic patients. Findings are inconsistent both across primary studies and previous meta-analyses. This study reanalysed 31 primary data sets as a single large sample (N = 2876) to provide a more definitive view. Method: Individual patient and control data were obtained from original authors for 11 measures from four common neuropsychological tests: California or Rey Verbal Learning Task (VLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span and/or Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Results: Impairments were found for all 11 test-measures in the bipolar group after controlling for age, IQ and gender (Ps ≤ 0.001, E.S. = 0.26-0.63). Residual mood symptoms confound this result but cannot account for the effect sizes found. Impairments also seem unrelated to drug treatment. Some test-measures were weakly correlated with illness severity measures suggesting that some impairments may track illness progression. Conclusion: This reanalysis supports VLT, Digit Span and TMT as robust measures of cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder patients. The heterogeneity of some test results explains previous differences in meta-analyses. Better controlling for confounds suggests deficits may be smaller than previously reported but should be tracked longitudinally across illness progression and treatment. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Metacognition in psychosis: Comparison of schizophrenia with bipolar disorder
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2014) Tas C.; Brown E.C.; Aydemir O.; Brüne M.; Lysaker P.H.
While deficits in metacognition have been observed in schizophrenia (SZ), it is less clear whether these are specific to the disorder. Accordingly, this study compared metacognitive abilities of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) and examined the degree to which neurocognition contributed to metacognitive deficits in both groups. Participants were 30 patients with SZ and 30 with BD. Metacognitive capacity was measured using the Metacognition Assessment Scale Abbreviated (MAS-A). This scale comprises four domains: self-reflectivity, understanding others' minds, decentration and mastery. Verbal memory, executive functioning and symptoms were concurrently assessed. Group comparisons revealed that SZ patients had greater deficits in metacognitive self-reflectivity, which correctly classified 85.2% of patients with SZ in a logistic regression. Self-reflectivity and understanding others' minds were related to verbal memory and executive functioning in the SZ group, but not in the BD group. Furthermore, greater positive and general psychotic symptoms were associated with poorer metacognition in SZ. Results suggest SZ involves unique deficits in the ability to self-reflect and that these deficits may be uniquely linked with neurocognition. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Femoral cartilage thickness measurements in healthy individuals: Learning, practicing and publishing with TURK-MUSCULUS
(IOS Press, 2014) Özçakar L.; Tunç H.; Öken O.; Ünlü Z.; Durmuş B.; Baysal O.; Altay Z.; Tok F.; Akkaya N.; Doʇu B.; Çapkin E.; Bardak A.; Çarli A.B.; Buʇdayci D.; Toktaş H.; Diraçoʇlu D.; Gündüz B.; Erhan B.; Kocabaş H.; Erden G.; Günendi Z.; Kesikburun S.; Omaç O.K.; Taşkaynatan M.A.; Şenel K.; Uʇur M.; Yalçinkaya E.Y.; Öneş K.; Atan C.; Akgün K.; Bilgici A.; Kuru O.; Ozgocmen
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Measurement of the femoral cartilage thickness by using in-vivo musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) has been previously shown to be a valid and reliable method in previous studies; however, to our best notice, normative data has not been provided before in the healthy population. The aim of our study was to provide normative data regarding femoral cartilage thicknesses of healthy individuals with collaborative use of MSUS. METHODS: This is across-sectional study run at Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Departments of 18 Secondary and Tertiary Centers in Turkey. 1544 healthy volunteers (aged between 25-40 years) were recruited within the collaboration of TURK-MUSCULUS (Turkish Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography Study Group). Subjects who had a body mass index value of less than 30 and who did not have signs and symptoms of any degenerative/inflammatory arthritis or other rheumatic diseases, history of knee trauma and previous knee surgery were enrolled. Ultrasonographic measurements were performed axially from the suprapatellar window by using linear probes while subjects' knees were in maximum flexion. Three (mid-point) measurements were taken from both knees (lateral condyle, intercondylar area, medial condyle). RESULTS: A total of 2876 knees (of 817 M, 621 F subjects) were taken into analysis after exclusion of inappropriate images. Mean cartilage thicknesses were significantly lower in females than males (all p< 0.001). Thickness values negatively correlated with age; negatively (females) and positively (males) correlated with smoking. Men who regularly exercised had thicker cartilage than who did not exercise (all p < 0.05). Increased age (in both sexes) and absence of exercise (males) were found to be risk factors for decreased cartilage thicknesses. CONCLUSION: Further data pertaining to other countries would be interesting to uncover whether ethnic differences also affect cartilage thickness. Collaborative use of MSUS seems to be promising in this regard. © 2014 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
Social approach and avoidance behaviour for negative emotions is modulated by endogenous oxytocin and paranoia in schizophrenia
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2014) Brown E.C.; Tas C.; Kuzu D.; Esen-Danaci A.; Roelofs K.; Brüne M.
Patients with schizophrenia suffer from dysfunctional social behaviour. Social approach and avoidance (AA) has been associated with motor responses, as the affective valence and gaze direction of facial stimuli can bias push and pull motor tendencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous oxytocin in social AA behaviour in schizophrenia. Basal plasma oxytocin levels were collected from 28 patients who were then given a joystick-based Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT). Reaction times were recorded and AAT effect scores calculated for responses to happy and angry faces, which either had direct or averted gaze. Individual differences in basal oxytocin had a significant relationship with AAT responses, and patients with higher levels of oxytocin tended to avoid angry faces more. Furthermore, greater avoidance of angry faces was correlated with more severe psychotic (positive and general) symptoms and greater paranoia. This suggests that the endogenous effects of oxytocin may be specific to the interpretation of negative threatening emotions in schizophrenia patients, and also provides evidence that psychotic symptoms and paranoia can impact on social AA behaviour by heightening threat avoidance. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): The new generation guideline implementation
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2015) Bousquet J.; Schunemann H.J.; Fonseca J.; Samolinski B.; Bachert C.; Canonica G.W.; Casale T.; Cruz A.A.; Demoly P.; Hellings P.; Valiulis A.; Wickman M.; Zuberbier T.; Bosnic-Anticevitch S.; Bedbrook A.; Bergmann K.C.; Caimmi D.; Dahl R.; Fokkens W.J.; Grisle I.; Lodrup Carlsen K.; Mullol J.; Muraro A.; Palkonen S.; Papadopoulos N.; Passalacqua G.; Ryan D.; Valovirta E.; Yorgancioglu A.; Aberer W.; Agache I.; Adachi M.; Akdis C.A.; Akdis M.; Annesi-Maesano I.; Ansotegui I.J.; Anto J.M.; Arnavielhe S.; Arshad H.; Baiardini I.; Baigenzhin A.K.; Barbara C.; Bateman E.D.; Beghé B.; Bel E.H.; Ben Kheder A.; Bennoor K.S.; Benson M.; Bewick M.; Bieber T.; Bindslev-Jensen C.; Bjermer L.; Blain H.; Boner A.L.; Boulet L.P.; Bonini M.; Bonini S.; Bosse I.; Bourret R.; Bousquet P.J.; Braido F.; Briggs A.H.; Brightling C.E.; Brozek J.; Buhl R.; Burney P.G.; Bush A.; Caballero-Fonseca F.; Calderon M.A.; Camargos P.A.M.; Camuzat T.; Carlsen K.H.; Carr W.; Cepeda Sarabia A.M.; Chavannes N.H.; Chatzi L.; Chen Y.Z.; Chiron R.; Chkhartishvili E.; Chuchalin A.G.; Ciprandi G.; Cirule I.; Correia De Sousa J.; Cox L.; Crooks G.; Costa D.J.; Custovic A.; Dahlen S.E.; Darsow U.; De Carlo G.; De Blay F.; Dedeu T.; Deleanu D.; Denburg J.A.; Devillier P.; Didier A.; Dinh-Xuan A.T.; Dokic D.; Douagui H.; Dray G.; Dubakiene R.; Durham S.R.; Dykewicz M.S.; El-Gamal Y.; Emuzyte R.; Fink Wagner A.; Fletcher M.; Fiocchi A.; Forastiere F.; Gamkrelidze A.; Gemicioʇlu B.; Gereda J.E.; González Diaz S.; Gotua M.; Grouse L.; Guzmán M.A.; Haahtela T.; Hellquist-Dahl B.; Heinrich J.; Horak F.; Hourihane J.O.B.; Howarth P.; Humbert M.; Hyland M.E.; Ivancevich J.C.; Jares E.J.; Johnston S.L.; Joos G.; Jonquet O.; Jung K.S.; Just J.; Kaidashev I.P.; Kalayci O.; Kalyoncu A.F.; Keil T.; Keith P.K.; Khaltaev N.; Klimek L.; Koffi N'Goran B.; Kolek V.; Koppelman G.H.; Kowalski M.L.; Kull I.; Kuna P.; Kvedariene V.; Lambrecht B.; Lau S.; Larenas-Linnemann D.; Laune D.; Le L.T.T.; Lieberman P.; Lipworth B.; Li J.; Louis R.; Magard Y.; Magnan A.; Mahboub B.; Majer I.; Makela M.J.; Manning P.; De Manuel Keenoy E.; Marshall G.D.; Masjedi M.R.; Maurer M.; Mavale-Manuel S.; Melén E.; Melo-Gomes E.; Meltzer E.O.; Merk H.; Miculinic N.; Mihaltan F.; Milenkovic B.; Mohammad Y.; Molimard M.; Momas I.; Montilla-Santana A.; Morais-Almeida M.; Mösges R.; Namazova-Baranova L.; Naclerio R.; Neou A.; Neffen H.; Nekam K.; Niggemann B.; Nyembue T.D.; O'Hehir R.E.; Ohta K.; Okamoto Y.; Okubo K.; Ouedraogo S.; Paggiaro P.; Pali-Schöll I.; Palmer S.; Panzner P.; Papi A.; Park H.S.; Pavord I.; Pawankar R.; Pfaar O.; Picard R.; Pigearias B.; Pin I.; Plavec D.; Pohl W.; Popov T.A.; Portejoie F.; Postma D.; Potter P.; Price D.; Rabe K.F.; Raciborski F.; Radier Pontal F.; Repka-Ramirez S.; Robalo-Cordeiro C.; Rolland C.; Rosado-Pinto J.; Reitamo S.; Rodenas F.; Roman Rodriguez M.; Romano A.; Rosario N.; Rosenwasser L.; Rottem M.; Sanchez-Borges M.; Scadding G.K.; Serrano E.; Schmid-Grendelmeier P.; Sheikh A.; Simons F.E.R.; Sisul J.C.; Skrindo I.; Smit H.A.; Solé D.; Sooronbaev T.; Spranger O.; Stelmach R.; Strandberg T.; Sunyer J.; Thijs C.; Todo-Bom A.; Triggiani M.; Valenta R.; Valero A.L.; Van Hage M.; Vandenplas O.; Vezzani G.; Vichyanond P.; Viegi G.; Wagenmann M.; Walker S.; Wang D.Y.; Wahn U.; Williams D.M.; Wright J.; Yawn B.P.; Yiallouros P.K.; Yusuf O.M.; Zar H.J.; Zernotti M.E.; Zhang L.; Zhong N.; Zidarn M.; Mercier J.
Several unmet needs have been identified in allergic rhinitis: identification of the time of onset of the pollen season, optimal control of rhinitis and comorbidities, patient stratification, multidisciplinary team for integrated care pathways, innovation in clinical trials and, above all, patient empowerment. MASK-rhinitis (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a simple system centred around the patient which was devised to fill many of these gaps using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools and a clinical decision support system (CDSS) based on the most widely used guideline in allergic rhinitis and its asthma comorbidity (ARIA 2015 revision). It is one of the implementation systems of Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA). Three tools are used for the electronic monitoring of allergic diseases: a cell phone-based daily visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment of disease control, CARAT (Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test) and e-Allergy screening (premedical system of early diagnosis of allergy and asthma based on online tools). These tools are combined with a clinical decision support system (CDSS) and are available in many languages. An e-CRF and an e-learning tool complete MASK. MASK is flexible and other tools can be added. It appears to be an advanced, global and integrated ICT answer for many unmet needs in allergic diseases which will improve policies and standards. © 2015 John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
The effect of music listening on the anxiety of nursing students during their first blood draw experience
(Churchill Livingstone, 2017) Ince S.; Çevik K.
Background Nursing education is a process aimed both at theoretical knowledge and skill development. The Fundamentals of Nursing is a course that furnishes students with professional knowledge, concepts and technical skills, and, also, is the keystone of nursing education in our country. Students experience a great deal of anxiety as they face basic nursing practices for the first time. Studies have revealed the effectiveness of music in relieving anxiety in many patient groups. However, no previous studies were found where music was used with the intent to lower the anxiety that students experience over the course of skill learning. The experimental study is aimed at determining the effect of music in decreasing anxiety during the first nursing practices of students in a laboratory setting. Methods The experimental study was conducted on nursing students of Akdeniz University attending Fundamentals of Nursing, a freshman course, during the 2013–2014 academic year. A total of 73 students, of which 34 were assigned to the experimental group and 39 to the control group, participated in the study. Data collection was carried out using (a) the student identification form prepared by the authors, (b) skill control lists and (c) the Situational Anxiety Scale. The students in the experimental group listened to music during blood draw skill practice in a laboratory environment. The students were assessed with respect to their performance of blood drawing through skill control lists using the statements “True”, “False” and “Forgotten”. The anxiety levels and vital signs of students were assessed before and after the practice. Results The mean age of the students was 19.08. 64.7% of the experimental group and 82.1% of the control group were female. The age group of 64.7% of the students in the experimental group was female. The age group of 82.1% of the students in the control group was female. After music listening, the mean anxiety score of the students was 38.70 ± 3.83 in the experimental group and 39.76 ± 4.72 in the control group. The difference between the mean anxiety scores of the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The evaluation made before and after the blood draw revealed a statistically significant difference in diastolic blood pressure values in the experimental group that listened to music(p < 0.05). Conclusions The results of the study showed that listening to music decreased the anxiety levels of nursing students during their first blood draw experience. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Biomedical Text Categorization Based on Ensemble Pruning and Optimized Topic Modelling
(Hindawi Limited, 2018) Onan A.
Text mining is an important research direction, which involves several fields, such as information retrieval, information extraction, and text categorization. In this paper, we propose an efficient multiple classifier approach to text categorization based on swarm-optimized topic modelling. The Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) can overcome the high dimensionality problem of vector space model, but identifying appropriate parameter values is critical to performance of LDA. Swarm-optimized approach estimates the parameters of LDA, including the number of topics and all the other parameters involved in LDA. The hybrid ensemble pruning approach based on combined diversity measures and clustering aims to obtain a multiple classifier system with high predictive performance and better diversity. In this scheme, four different diversity measures (namely, disagreement measure, Q-statistics, the correlation coefficient, and the double fault measure) among classifiers of the ensemble are combined. Based on the combined diversity matrix, a swarm intelligence based clustering algorithm is employed to partition the classifiers into a number of disjoint groups and one classifier (with the highest predictive performance) from each cluster is selected to build the final multiple classifier system. The experimental results based on five biomedical text benchmarks have been conducted. In the swarm-optimized LDA, different metaheuristic algorithms (such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, firefly algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm, and bat algorithm) are considered. In the ensemble pruning, five metaheuristic clustering algorithms are evaluated. The experimental results on biomedical text benchmarks indicate that swarm-optimized LDA yields better predictive performance compared to the conventional LDA. In addition, the proposed multiple classifier system outperforms the conventional classification algorithms, ensemble learning, and ensemble pruning methods. © 2018 Aytuǧ Onan.
Evaluation of midwifery students' learning approaches to the compulsory biochemistry course; [Ebelik öǧrencilerinin biyokimya dersi öǧrenme yaklaşimlaririn incelenmesi]
(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2022) Kosova F.; Çelik N.; Şimşek H.N.; Ulaş S.C.
Learning approach in a certain learning process is based on the student's intentions, behaviors, and habits according to his/her perceptions of the task of learning and determines the amount and quality of learning. The objective of this study is to evaluate the learning approaches of 1st and 4th grade midwifery students to biochemistry course and the change, if there is any, through their education. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study. The research population consisted of the voluntary students (86.47%, n:147) of the 2017-2018 season of the 1st and 4th class of Manisa Celal Bayar University, Health Science Faculty, Midwifery Department (n:170). Data were collected by using the "Introductory Information Form"and the "Learning Approach Scale", and evaluated in the SPSS package program by performing number, percentile, mean, standard deviation, independent t test. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.82 ± 1.81. Over 95% of the students stated that biochemistry lesson was necessary, while 59.9% reported that their biochemistry knowledge was insufficient. Over 87% of the student expressed their belief that the content of the biochemistry classes will help them in their professional career. Mean score of deep approach for Learning Approach Scale was 34.13 ± 6.07 (Min:19.00-Max:50.00), and mean score of superficial approach for Learning Approach Scale was 26.94 ± 6.37 (Min:15.00-Max:50.00). There was a significant relation between deep approach scale score and the perception of high importance of biochemistry in the professional life (p<0.05). Conclusions: Midwifery students, who believe that biochemistry is necessary for their professional career have a higher motivation for learning biochemistry, thus perform a deeper approach to learning. In general, creating effective and dynamic educational environments that support deep learning is necessary for enhancing the learning of biochemistry. © 2020 Funda Kosova et al.
Push and Pull Factors of Why Medical Students Want to Leave Türkiye: A Countrywide Multicenter Study
(Routledge, 2023) Eser E.; Cil E.; Sen Gundogan N.E.; Col M.; Yildirim Ozturk E.N.; Thomas D.T.; Sunter A.T.; Arslan H.N.; Citil R.; Onder Y.; Picakciefe M.; Dede B.; Demirel C.; Aydin N.; Caglayan C.; Aker A.A.; Borlu A.; Durmus H.; Can G.; Siddikoglu E.; Sumer E.H.; Uygun T.; Alkoy S.; Aktas Aycan K.; Koruk İ.; Kuzan R.; Demir L.S.; Hacilar E.; Sari H.; Kilinc Z.; Onal O.; Dogan E.; Emek M.; Terzioglu R.; Yapici G.; Erdal D.; Eser S.; Ayhan Akman E.; Kosan Z.; Yilmaz S.; Ayoglu F.N.; Acikgoz B.; Musal B.; Suner A.F.; Erdogan A.; Cilburunoglu İ.; Saygun M.; Daymaz D.; Arslantas D.; Onsuz M.F.; Beyhun N.E.; Ustundag M.G.; Ekuklu G.; Ozder Tas F.; Abacigil F.; Oncu S.; Hıdıroğlu S.; Ozaydin A.N.; Pirincci E.; Bulut I.; Tozun M.; Eskiocak M.; Gunel P.; Torun S.D.; Yavuz M.; Hasde M.; Camur D.; Gunes G.; Kurt B.; Guler Baysoy N.; Bakirci N.; Demir F.; Catak B.; Ozyurda F.; Turan M.
Phenomenon: Physician immigration from other countries is increasing as developed countries continue to be desirable destinations for physicians; however, the determinants of Turkish physicians’ migration decisions are still unclear. Despite its wide coverage in the media and among physicians in Türkiye, and being the subject of much debate, there is insufficient data to justify this attention. With this study, we aimed to investigate the tendency of senior medical students in Türkiye to pursue their professional careers abroad and its related factors. Approach: This cross-sectional study involved 9881 senior medical students from 39 different medical schools in Türkiye in 2022. Besides participants’ migration decision, we evaluated the push and pull factors related to working, social environment and lifestyle in Türkiye and abroad, medical school education inadequacy, and personal insufficiencies, as well as the socioeconomic variables that may affect the decision to migrate abroad. The analyses were carried out with a participation rate of at least 50%. Findings: Of the medical students, 70.7% had emigration intentions. Approximately 60% of those want to stay abroad permanently, and 61.5% of them took initiatives such as learning a foreign language abroad (54.5%) and taking relevant exams (18.9%). Those who wanted to work in the field of Research & Development were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.22–1.54) times more likely to emigrate. The push factor that was related to emigration intention was the “working conditions in the country” (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.56–2.28) whereas the “social environment/lifestyle abroad” was the mere pull factor for the tendency of emigration (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.45–2.06). In addition, the quality problem in medical schools also had a significant impact on students’ decisions (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.83–2.65). Insights: Although the percentage of those who want to emigrate “definitely” was at the same level as in the other developing countries, the tendency to migrate “permanently” was higher in Türkiye. Improving working conditions in the country and increasing the quality of medical faculties seem vital in preventing the migration of physicians. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Disgust as a basic, sexual, and moral emotion
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Söylemez S.; Kapucu A.
Disgust is a basic emotion that increases the organism’s survival success by preventing the transfer of pathogens. In this regard, it directs cognitive processes and motivates avoidance behaviors that prevent pathogens from entering the body. Moreover, disgust has many specific characteristics that distinguish it from other basic emotions. Firstly, unlike other basic emotions, it contaminates neutral objects around it and causes difficult-to-change learning. Another specific characteristic of disgust is that it depends on ideational processes. Objects, situations, and behaviors that do not contain pathogens can also cause disgust. In this regard, disgust appears not only as a basic emotion but also as different adaptations in different fields. In this context, two distinct adaptations of disgust stand out: sexual and moral disgust. These two adaptations of disgust benefit from disgust-related behaviors and motivations in different ways. Sexual disgust works as a gene protection mechanism, while moral disgust helps maintain social rules. The specific characteristics of disgust and its effects on cognitive processes such as attention and memory interact. In conclusion, the multifaceted structure of disgust shows that it needs to be studied more in the subfields of psychology. (Strohminger, Philos Compass 9:478–493, 2014) defines disgust as a psychological nebula that needs to be discovered. However, it is observed that disgust has not been adequately addressed. This review aims to comprehensively explore unique characteristics and diverse aspects of disgust, shedding light on its significance from various perspectives. This study underscores the broader understanding of disgust and its pivotal role in psychological research. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Marta Olivetti Belardinelli 2024.
Geriatric competency and attitudes toward older adults among Turkish undergraduate social work students
(Routledge, 2024) Oral M.; Kılıç C.; Yıldırım B.
The need for social workers educated about aging and eager to work with older adults will increase significantly as the older adult population rises rapidly. It is essential to determine the attitudes and competencies of social workers prepared to work in this field. This study aimed to evaluate Turkish undergraduate social work students’ attitudes toward older adults and their geriatric social work competency. A cross-sectional descriptive correlational research design was used in the study. The study included 308 fourth-year undergraduate students attending a social work program. Participants were selected by convenience sampling. The results indicated that students had slightly positive attitudes toward older people. As for the geriatric competency, the students rated highest in applying “values, ethics, and theoretical perspectives” and lowest in the “aging services, programs, and policies.” Geriatric social work competence was strongly associated with positive attitudes toward older adults. These findings indicate the need to implement new learning opportunities early in academic programs to improve social work students’ attitudes toward older adults and increase their knowledge and skills to address the aging population’s needs. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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