Browsing by Subject "phase 2 clinical trial (topic)"

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    Similar prevalence, different spectrum: IgE-mediated food allergy among Turkish adolescents
    (2013) Mustafayev R.; Civelek E.; Orhan F.; Yüksel H.; Boz A.B.; Şekerel B.E.
    Background: Scarcity of reliable data on food allergy prevalence exists in Turkey. We aimed to assess reported and confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy prevalence, and define the spectrum of allergenic food. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the ISAAC Phase II study population for food allergy. Participants that reported experiencing food allergy symptom in the last year and/or were skin prick test positive for a predefined list of food allergens, were interviewed via telephone, and those considered as having food allergy were invited to undergo clinical investigation, including challenge tests. Results: A total of 6963 questionnaires were available. Parental reported food allergy prevalence and skin prick sensitisation rate were 20.2. ±. 0.9% and 5.9. ±. 0.6%. According to the above-defined criteria, 1162 children (symptom positive n=909, skin prick test positive n=301, both positive n=48) were selected and 813 (70.0%) were interviewed via telephone. Out of 152 adolescents reporting a current complaint, 87 accepted clinical investigation. There were 12 food allergies diagnosed in nine adolescents, with food allergy prevalence of 0.16. ±. 0.11%. The most common foods involved in allergic reactions were walnut (n=3) and beef meat (n=2), followed by hen's egg (n=1), peanut (n=1), spinach (n=1), kiwi (n=1), cheese (n=1), hazelnut (n=1) and peach (n=1). Conclusions: While parental reported food allergy prevalence was within the range reported previously, confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy prevalence among adolescents was at least 0.16%, and the spectrum of foods involved in allergy differed from Western countries, implying environmental factors may play a role. © 2012 SEICAP.
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    mRNA as a Therapeutics: Understanding mRNA Vaccines
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2022) Oǧuz F.; Atmaca H.
    Vaccination is one of the important approaches in the prevention and control of diseases. Although the capacity to present antigens other than the disease-specific antigen in the traditional vaccine composition provides a potential benefit by increasing its protective efficacy, many components that are not needed for the related disease are also transferred. These components can reduce vaccine activity by lowering immunity against protective antigens. The reasons such as the low effectiveness of traditional vaccines and the high cost of production and time-consuming reasons show that it is necessary to develop a new vaccine method for our world, which is struggling with epidemics almost every year. Among nucleic acids, mRNA has many advantages, such as genomic integration, induction of anti-DNA autoantibodies, and immune tolerance induced by long-term antigen expression. mRNA vaccines have become a therapeutic target for reasons such as efficacy, safety, fast and non-expensive production. The fact that mRNA triggers both humoral and cellular immunity and goes only to the cytoplasm, not to the nucleus, makes it highly efficient. The mRNA must cross the lipid bilayer barrier and entry to the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein. There are two main ways of mRNA vaccine delivery for this: ex vivo loading of mRNA into dendritic cells (DCs) and direct injection of mRNA with or without a carrier. Studies continue to understand which delivery system is therapeutically more efficient. Preclinical and clinical trials showed that mRNA vaccines trigger a long-lasting and safe immune response. © 2022 The Author (s).
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    Current View of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
    (Turkish National Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2023) Kiratli Yolcu T.; Kirmaz C.
    Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a disorder that persists for more than six weeks and is not caused by a defined physical stimulus. It can be seen in all age groups, ethnicities, and geographical regions and affects approximately 1% of the population. Current data suggests that CSU is an autoimmune-related disease. Two separate endotypes have been identified based on the character of autoantibodies that play a role in mast cells (MCs) activation. According to the Gell and Coombs hypersensitivity classification, CSU caused by IgE type auto-antibodies is classified as type-I endotype (type-I aiCSU), whereas CSU caused by IgG type autoantibodies is classified as type-IIb endotype (type-IIb aiCSU). While both endotypes exhibit similar phenotypic characteristics, there are clinical differences in disease activity, accompanying comorbidities, and treatment response. The triple positivity of autologous serum skin test (ASST), basophil activation tests (BAT), and IgG type autoantibodies against MCs high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) or IgE is considered in favor of type-IIb aiCSU, while positivity of IgE type autoantibodies suggests type-I aiCSU. The guidelines recommend the use of second generation antihistamines for first-line treatment. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, is a treatment option in cases that do not respond to high-dose antihistamine therapy. Type-IIb aiCSU has a poor response to antihistamines and omalizumab but cyclosporine shows a favorable result in this group. Determination of endotypes in CSU might be an important step for defining of treatment selection. Further studies are needed to reveal more specific biomarkers and to develop new treatment agents. © 2023 The Author(s).