Browsing by Subject "process design"

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    Key Challenges of Microbial Degradation of Keratinous Wastes
    (Springer, 2021) Karaveli O.; Deniz I.
    Feather is the main waste of poultry industries and constitutes of 90% keratin. Wastes composed of keratin are insoluble and recalcitrant to degradation using conventional decomposing methods. Microbial degradation for keratinous wastes is a promising approach for being eco-friendly and economically. However, due to insolubility of keratinous waste, it has several challenges in upstream and downstream processes such as culture medium optimization, designing of bioreactor, bioreaction/flow type, bioreactor configurations considering mass and heat transfer limitations, rheology derived problems, monitoring of microbial activity, choosing of the right scale-up parameter and purification. In this study, the challenges for keratin degradation processes were discussed with the aim of opening new opportunities for keratinous waste treatments in industrial level. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.